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The Cost of Liquorrand the License Ques- 10". [From the London Times] Nobody seems to say, within ten millions or so, what the people of this kingdom, and the working classes especially, spend upon intoxicating liquors ; but the sum is certain- ly larger than the whole national expendi- ture provided for by Parliament, and it is probab y little less than $100,000,000 a year. Now, outside the t1 ade itself it would be hard to find a person to deny that nearly half of this prodigious outlay means misspent moâ€" ney. It is of no avail to argue that exces- sive intemperance is actually on the decline. Perhaps it may be, but the extreme and brutish phase of drunkenness is not the only, nor, indeed, the principal, evil to be dealt with by a Licensing Bill. A man may easily take too much drink for his health, his pocket, or his interests generally, without committing |himself to hopeless or habitual intoxication. When, too, the Li- censed Victuallers declared that a confirmed ,drunkard, instead of being an advantage, is actually a nuisance to the trade, we may readily believe them, Such characters opeâ€" rate as “frightful examples,” spoil good com- pany, provoke the intervention of the police, and bring the whole establishment into trouble. But drunkenness may be condemn- ed while drinking is duly encouraged, and the present dimensions of the liquor traflic can hardly be considered compatible with any but an immoderate consumption of intoxi- cating drinks. The licensing question,there- fore, however it may be handled, must mean the question of passing measures for re- ducing this consumption; and, as reduced trade must bring reduced profits, we may say that in any negociation for compromise the practical question will be, what proporâ€" tion ot their profits our brewers and liquor sellers are prepared to lose. At manchester last week Mr. Disraeli observed that a Lib- eral Government had treated a publican as a “sinner,” and he clas<ed the interest of li- censed victuallers in their trade with the Irish Church in its establishment, and of Irish landlords in their estates. That was another expression of the “confiscation theory ; but the least reflection will make it clear that “confiscation” or non-interven- tion represents the only alternative of which this licensing question admits. Those who agree with Mr. Bass that not a. drop too much beer is drunk may logically proceed to argue that any measures, be they what they ,may, for curtailing the sale of beer must amount to a “confiscation” of the traders’ profits in direct proportion to the curtailment actually accomplished. That cannot be denied; but if 3 Licensing Bill is to have any meaning, or produce any effect at all, this very “ confiscation ” must inevitably en- sue. It is only a question of terms. Mr. Bruce was charged with “confiscation” be- cause he proposed to terminate interests assumed to be interminable; but any other proposition, if producing the same etfects on the profits or property of the trade, might have been resented as confiscation, with precisely as much justice. Practically speaking, “ con- fiscation, and nothing less, is the direct ob- ject of every Licensing Reformer, whether reasonable or unreasonable. It is the object of the Alliance, which would confiscate, if it could, every scrap and shred of property represented by the trade in drink. It is the object of the Union, which would do exactly the same, only to a less extent, and in a more considerate fashion. It was the ob- ject, as the brewers loudly complained, of Mr. Bruce’s bill last year; and it must needs be the object of the new bill com~ pounded by the Conservatives and the Con- gress, if that measure is to be anything but a sham. To come at once to the point, any person prepared to resist “confiscation” must, in reality, take his side with Mr. Bass, and resist all interference whatever. If there is to he interference it must, as far as it goes, be “ confiscation,” and can never be any- thing else. Every Licensing Bill, whoever may be its authors, must be a bill for reduc- ing the consumption of intoxicating liquors, and, consequently, for reducingâ€"or, in other words, “ eonfiscating”â€"so much of the exist- ing profits of the trade. There is the whole case put in a. nutshell. The practical ques- tion is a question only of degree, and we shall see next week, perhaps, to what degree of “confiscation” the “Licensing Reform Conâ€" gress” of British brewers is prepared to ac- cede. A visit to Milan, the ancient capital of Lombardy, has enabled us to see the practi- cal working of irrigation and soiling of cattle. ‘ Nowhere in Europe is irrigation more thor- ‘ ouehly and systematically practiced than ‘ hereâ€"on the plains of Lombardy. The peo- 1 ple of this region have been agriculturists ever since the establishment of the Lombard Kingdom, 567 A. D., and the introduction of the silk worm by thtll‘ neighbors of the Venetian States may be considered as one of the causes which induced them to develop this now fertile (but naturally rather poor) country, as here the mulberry grows with great success. Its cultivation has made Lombardy one large garden. This result has been accomplished mainly by irrigation and soiling of cattle. The snows of the neigh- boring Alps, which in their melted state form the Lakes of Guards, Como and Mag- giore, have by the skill of man been changed from a hindrance to a helptowards vegeta- tion. A system of canals, radiating from the rivers Mincio, Adda Ticino, outlets of the lakes named, convey moisture and alluvial deposits to the territory which is comprised within the boundaries of the Alps, the Po, the Adriatic and the '1‘ icino. Silk, rice, In- dian corn, wheat, cheese, the vine and the olive, may be counted as the chief produc- tion. The grand canals radiating from the rivers are tapped by smaller ones, which according to their size, are called cavi or myic, literally translated hollow places or wrinkles. Some- times the water is taken from one of these canals to another by means of a syphon, or, as the peasants term them, salle dz‘ gatto, “ cat jumps"â€"in others and mostly, the canals flow into each other, so that the whole country is divided squares like a chess-board. The smaller 'rugie 0r ditches are dug so as to surround every field, and at each corner a graduated sluice-gate serves as a dam when the adjoining field is to be flooded, or cm be raised up to drain the water ofi on to the next. The use and supply of the water is regulated by the Government, so that each land-owner has certain rights secured to him, thereby affording a general benefit to all lands available for irrigation. The banks of the ditches at times have to sustain heavy washing, and therefore are planted with wil- low trees, whose roots keep the earth togeth- er. Wherever the ditch forms an angle, the banks for some feet on either side are walled with brick, as the wash at these points is too strong to trust to a mere earth wall strength- ened by live roots. .. . .. 1 n , 1,": any, we saw new.mown hay seven or eight inches long fed green in the stable ; when fed, however, it was mixed with old hay. The grass is out seven or eight times a year. The cattle seemed to be sleek and healthy, and were only let out of the barn once a day, about an hour, for water. They were giving about eight quarts apiece, taking an average of the entire herd 3 there were 100 in all, and they received no grain. All the manure made in the stables is hauled out and spreaa on the meadows after the crop is out; then the water 18 let on and remains for several days. When drained off by the same ditch which flooded the meadow, the bottom of the ditch, which becomes nearly dry, is cleaned, and the muck and wash collected and placed on_the» compost heeg. _ .u- . ,,,,,L.:-.. “1.....1. PIA..." As the cattle are soiled entirely, the land can be used for orchard and meadow, and is planted in grain or meadow, and olive or mulberry trees, the latter trimmed quite low. The mulberry leaves are stripped once a year E115 ifed' to the silk worfxfâ€"the grass growing between the rows being out several times during the same period. On a large dairy farm we visited near Milan in Febru- _ : hLL ‘ '“V “"â€"r'-~ 7’ 4| . V In the moun ‘ ‘uqus countnes about Como Irrigatifiin and Sailing of Cattle. and Maggiore, and also in Switzerland, irriga. l tion is also carried on, but somewhat differ? ently. A mountain stream which passes through a farm is dammed up every few yards, and the water by backing up into ditches out at right angles to the strram overflows the field which lies down hill from the ditch, and so on till it reaches its proper bed again in the valley below. This more primitive mode 01 irrigation could be resorted to at comparitively small expense on any of ‘ our hilly farms which have a stream run- : ning through them. In other parts of Europe I have seen artesian wells with a. horse-pow- er pump answer the same purpose. Everywhere we have been, either in Aus- tria, Germany or Italy, the soiling ( f cattle prevails throughout the year, and Switzerland also most of the time, except a few months in summer, when the cattle are driven up to the high Alps or mountain pastures, to feed on the grasses which appear in those places in August and September. The animals seem to do well by soiling, and the mead- ows from which the grass is cut are none the worse for it, as the manure made in the sta- ble, is hauled back upon the land from which the food came, and applied by spread- ing as far as it will go. Fencing is very un- common in all parts of Europe where we have been ; in Brunswick and the Bavarian ‘ Valley of the Danube we rode for many miles through the richest of farms, and the only fences we saw were on each side of the rail- way, and occassionly, though not always, on the highways. Vineyards and villas belong- ingfio the rich are generally enclosed, but in 1 most cases the boundaries between properties 1 are marked by monuments of stone set in the ground. 3. Our American farmers may say that soil- ing involves too much labor to be adopted with us, and of course we cannot do it so generally as here, but there are so many sav- ings both in labor and material by the soil- ing process that I am not sure but we could profit by introducing it. The money, inter- est and labor now expended in repairing fences would be one item saved ; another would be the amount of good food which a dainty animal will not crop or graze after it has been trodden or breathed upon, and which would be brought into the barn and eaten there. Again the lumps of rich but rank grass which grow up in the pasture lots through the droppings of a previous year are left untouched under our system, while an equal top-dressing over the lot would make it all sweet grass and be eaten by the cattle; the droppings now lost in driving the cattle to and from the pasture would also be saved, to say nothing of the cost ‘of valuable time now lost in the driving. Another benefit from soiling is that the grass is out before the weeds ripen, and thus in a few years clean even meadows will be produced. It is also an acknowledged fact that the amount of food 'rrequisite to keep stock in good condition is not so great when hand and soil feeding is practiced. The ex- ercise which an animal in the pasture lot takes to collect food and fight the flies, ma- ‘ terially reduces both flesh and milk. The' ground which is now lost in fences and farm lanes would, if turned into meadow and properly top-dressed, add another credit to the soiling account, to which should be add ed on the same side of the account the hindrances now experienced by the farmer in plowing or gathering crops by reason of fences, bars and gates, which, if done away withjwould not interfere in farmjwork. We could not, of course, dispense with highway and boundary fences, but all inside fencing could be given up, and if apaddoek for sheep or horses were required, that could be more easily and cheapily made by using moveable hurdles. The wild pasture lands which run- der the soil-feLding process, would become useless, I will write you about after I get some information I want on the subject in \ Switzerland. "‘ * I will add to the evidence of a very early intercourse between the inhabitants of Western Europe and'the aboriginal or ancient people of the eastern parts ot the American continent only one more proof, and will then show the probability that such intercommu. nication as they held with each other, by voyages across the Atlantic ocean, was also maintained between the nations of Eastern Asia and those of the western shores of our hemisphere over the Pacific, in ages long anterior to its discovery by Columbus. This proof is afforded us by the singular history of the Mandan Indians. The painter Catlin has proved clearly that they are the descend- ants of the Welsh who left their native land some time previous to its subjugation by Edward 1., of England, in 1282 or 1283. The author of “The Prehistoric Nations” (Baldwin) seems not to have read Catlin’s work, “The North American Indians,” or he could have added his account of the Mandans to the following interesting facts which he has preserved. He says : “The Welsh Prince Madog (or Madoc) about the year 1170 was just as certain of the existence or America, as the Chinese and Japanese were,” and he might have added, as were the Irish and Northmen, when “he sailed away westward, going south of lreland," to find a land of refuge from the civil war among his coun- trymen. , The Welsh annals tell us he found the land he sought. Having made prepara- tions for absettlement, he came back to Wales, secured a large company that “filled ten ships,” and then sailed away again, and “never returned.” In A. D. 1660, the Rev. Morgan Jones, a Welsh clergyman, seeking to go by land from South Carolina to Roan- oke, was captured by the Tuscarora Indians. He declared that “his life was spared because he spoke Welsh, which some of the Indians understood ; that he w-as able to converse with them in Welsh, though with some difiiculty; and that he remained with them four months, sometimes preaching to them in Welsh.” John Williams, LL.D., who rc- produccd the statement of Mr. Jones in his work on the “ Story of Prince Madog's Emi- gration,"published in 1791, explained it by assuming that Prince Madog settled in North Carolina; and that the Welsh colony, after being weakened, was incorporated wit-11 these Indians. If we may believe the story of Mr. Jones (and I cannot find that his veraâ€" city has been questioned), it will seem neces- sary to accept this explanation. It will be recollected that, in the early colonial times, the Tuscaroras were sometimes called “White Indians.” The Northan had sct~ tlcmcnts in New England long before I’rincc Madog‘s colony went to America, and it is not ilnprolunhie that he may have been acquainted with some of them, and was induced through his information about them to follow their example in seeking a home in the New World. I will add the following facts, which may be regarded as an imper- feet continuation of the history of the Welsh- men,whose lost annals can never be complete- ly restored. Yet these facts will be interestâ€" ing in showing “how the world was peopled," and what wonderful transformations take place among the families of men as they find their way through the lapse of ages to their various homes. The tribe of Mandun Indians was dis- covered by Lewis and Clarke (1805-7), on the Upper Missouri, during their expedition lo discover the sources of the Missouri and Columbia rivers, sent to perform their peril- ous duty under the presidency of Mr. Jefi‘er- son, and which embraced the years 1805-7. They spent the winter of 1805-6 among the Indians, but did not learn their traditions. To the astonishment of Lewis and Clarke many of these savages'had blue eyes, and their hair was generally sillrcn and very abundant, and, except red and auburn, of all the colors which distinguish the tresses of the various inhabitants of England and Wales. The ethnological problem presented by their peculiarities, was, I think, solved satisfactorâ€" ily by Catlin, who visited them and spent some months with them in 1832. He found in their language fifty pure ll’elsh words, one hundred and thirty nearly so, and many others of Welsh derivation. They useda circle of stones in the construction of the FORDIIAMHDIORRIS. Milan, Italy, March 22, 1872. The Welsh Indians. hearths of their huts ; they had preserved the art of making the! Welsh blue beads ; and they navigated the Missouri river in a canoe, like the Welsh coracle, made of willowâ€"limbs and raw-hide. of a peculiar construction, and used nowhere in the world except in Wales. It was a tub pulled, instead of being propelled, by a paddle. Their tradition was, that their ancestors came across the,“g1‘eat water from the East” ; while the Mexicans and some Indian tribes of the United States point to the north-west as the direction from which they migrated. Catlin verified the correctness of their tra- dition as having come from the east down to Ohio, and up to the Missouri,'by tracing , the ruins of their huts, easily recognized by Welsh hearth-stones, up the Ohio River as far as he examined it. The interesting tribe, he tells us, was nearly cxterminated by the small-pox in 1837;and their destruc- tion, as a separate clan, was completed soon afterward, when they were vanquished by their inveterate enemies the Rickarees, and their remnant became incorporated with that tribe. The Tuscaroras inhabited the banks of the Yadkin, and other rivers of the north-western parts of Carolina, whose waters interlock with those of Green River, and the other tributaries of New River, the principal branch of the Great Kanawha,‘ which empties into the Ohio. The great forests of these regions abounded in game, and many of their valleys, and the mountain- plateaus separating them, still afford excel. lent hunting grounds. The migration of these Welsh Indians up the Yadkin, and down the Ohio, by the valleys of the Ararat, Green, New, and Kanawha rivers, was easily accomplished; and this, I think, was their route to the Missouri. Connecting these facts, and examining them properly, lead to the conclusion of Catlin, that the Mandans are the descmdants of Madoc and his fol- lowers, mixed with various Indian tribes.â€" From “How the World was Peopled,” by Rev. Edward Fantaim (Applelam). [From the Saturday Review.) The J cws of Roumania are among the most unfortunate people of Europe. They are con- stantly being persecuted for no other reason than that they are Jews. They are set upon by infuriated mobs, who show their Christian feelingr by kicking, trampling on, and killing the unhappy children of Israel. English philanthropy, which embraces everything in its wide net of speechifying and inviting sub- scriptions, and forming committees, has taken up the case of these poor wretches, and has invited Mr. Bright to be present at a meeting on their behalf. Mr. Bright could not attend, but he wrote to say how shocked he was that Jews should be so ill-used, and that religious bigotry should still exercise so much sway in the world. The obvious thing to do seems to be to appeal to the Rou- manian Government, but the Ronmanian Government is not nearly so powerful to check the evils as it would itself wish to be. It knows that these raids on the Jews are a disgrace to it and to the nation it represents ; but then they are exceedingly popular and the electors of the Chamber are determined not to be baulked in their private diversions by the weakness of the Government. The barbarism and fanaticism of the population, and old traditions of hatred towards the Jews, combine to keep up the custom , and Itouman- ians of the lower classes are impervious to the reproaches of Europe and the criticisms of Mr. Bright. But itis not merely religious fanaticism that sets the Roulnanians against the Jews. It is the old story. The Jews are too clever for theChrist-ians.’l‘hey are more terifty more intelligent, more united. They make money when the degraded Christians do not make it. They lend the money and get hold of the propelty of their debtors, and this the Christians resent. There is certainly some- thing very sweet to the barbarous mind in first taking a. man’s money, and then when he wants his money back, kicking him and beating him and half kiiiil 3 him on high religious grounds. The Roumanians are in this respect only in the mental state in which Englishmen were in the thirteenth century. The strange thing is, that in spite of all per- secution, the Jews hold their ground. An ‘ extreme amount of persecution, of course, quenches the efforts and spirits of the Jews, as it does the efforts and spirits of every body of men. The Jews were kept out of England from the days of Edward I. to the days of Cromwell. They were hunted into Morocco or into the pale of the church by the Spanish Inquisition.But they are not to be crushed by half measures. Wherever money is to be made, and they are permitted to hold life even as a persecuted and miserable race, they flourish, multiply, and grow rich. No spot is too remote, no form of trade too disgusting, no climate too unhealthy for the Jew. He does not fear isolation or discomfort, for he and his people have been for centuries isol- ated and miserable. He is sustained by the traditions of his race, by the sympathy of his brethren, by the hopes of his religion, and by the contemplation of the gold he accumulates. In Roumania the Jews are said to be hated more than in the other semiâ€"barbarous coun- tries in the vicinity, because there are so many of them there. They aggravate the Christians by multiplying as the sands of the ' sea where they are most trodden under foot and persecuted ; and fear of a power they canâ€" not crush is one of the strongest influences at . work to animate the fury of the lioumanian i population. The is no real difierencc between the Rou- manian Jews and the Jews of Galicia or Bohemia, nor can they in turn be separated from the Jew of Germany, of France, or of England. The dirty, greasy usurers of Rou- mania are,the humble brethren of the finan- ciers of London and Frankfort, and that the Jews are a great power in l: uropo is incon- testible. What are, it may be asked, the secrets of their power 7 They are, religion, the capacity for making money, and internal union. A ceremonial andtherct ex-ore, ‘ elusive religion, 9. religion that binds to. gether its members by rites that seem strange to the rcst of the world, has a strong hold upon those who are within the fold. They are like the tenants of a beleaguered fort cut off from the rest of mankind, and ‘ obliged to protect themselves and ‘ help each other. But religion is not ‘ enough to raise a man into eminence. The Jews and the Parsees are eminent, not only because they circumcize their sons, or light fires on the tops of their houses, but‘ because they make money. The money they have gives them consequence; but it is not only the money itsclt that does this; it is the qualities that- go to making money which raise themâ€"the patience, the good sense, the capacity for holding on when others are frightened, the daring to make a stroke when the risk is sufficient to appal. And ‘ the Jews are not only religious and rich, they are bound together by intimate ties. The , inner world of Judaism is that of a democ- racy. The millionaire never dreams of de- spising, or failing to aid, his poorest and most degraded brother. The kindness of Jews for Jews is unfailing, spontaneous, and unaffected. The shabbiest hat-buyer or orange seller of Houndsditch is as sure of having the means provided for him of keeping the sacred feast of the Passover as if he lived in a Piccadilly man- sion. To the eyes of Jews, even the most degraded of Jews do not seem so degraded as they do the eyes of the outer world. The poorest have perhaps possessions which re- deem thcm in the eyes of their brethren, and many of the lowest, greasiest, and most unattractive Hebrews who walk about the streets in earch of old clothes or skins are known by their co-religionists to be able to repeat by rote portions of the sacred volumes by the hour at a time. To all these per- manent causes of Jewish {eminence there must, however,be added one that has onlyhad time to develop itself since extreme bigotry has died away, and since thenin Western Eu- rope the Jews have been treatchirst with con- temptous toleration, with cold respect, and fi- nally, when they are very, very rich, with servile adoration. These peopleâ€"so exclu- sive, so intensely national, so intimately linked togetherâ€"have shown the most aston- The Rounumiam Jews. ishing ’aptitu'de for identifying themselves with the several countries in which they have cast their fortunes. An English Jew is an Englishman, admires English habits and English education, makes an excellent magistrate, plays to perfection the part of a squire, and even exercises discreetly the power which, with its inexhaustible oddity, the English law gives to him, while it denies it to members of the largest Christian sect, and presents incumbents to liviygs so as to please the most fastidious bishops. The French Jews were stout friends of France during the war, served as volunteers in the defense of Paris, and opened their purses to the national wants and their houses to the sufiering French. The German Jews were as stout Germans in their turn, and in war, asiin peace, they are always ready to show themselves Germans as well as Jews. It is the combination of the qualities of both nations that is now raising the foremost of the German Jews to their high rank in the world of wealth, In that world, to be a Ger- man is to be a trader whom it is very hard to rival; to be aJew is to be an operator whom it is impossible to beat; but to be a German Jew is to be a prince and captain among the people. In this way the Jews have managed to x overcome much of the antipathy which would naturally attain to men of an alien race and 3 an alien religion. The English Jew is seen not to be standing aloof from England and 1 Englishmen. But it is impossible there should 1 not be some social barrier between the Jew and l the| Christian. They cannot intermarry, and it necessarily chills the kindness and ( intimacy of family intercourse when all the young people know that friendship can 1 never grow into anything else. In order to 1 overcome this obstacle, many wealthy Jews l have chosen to to adjure their religion, and 1 enroll their households in the Christian communion. But the more high-minded : and high-spirited among them shrink from i doing this, and accept, and even glory in, l the position into which they were born. Fortunately. for himself and for England, a. i kind friend determined the religion of Mr. Disraeli before he was old enough to judge for himself, and in his maturer years he has been able conscientiously to adopt what he terms the doctrines of the school of Galilee. If they are not (1‘ coycd into Christianity by their social as- pirations, Jews are unassailable, for the most part by the force either of persecution or argument ; and although there are some con- versions to be attributed to Christian reason- ing or Christian gold, they are probably counter-balanced by the accessions to J eds. ism of Christian women who marry Jewish husbands. The Jews therefore lead, and must lead on the whole, a family life marked by something of reverse and isolation. But the disadvantages they have thus to endure are not without their compensative advanâ€" tages. Their family life, by being secluded, has gained in warmth and dignity. In very few families is there so much thoughtfulness, consideration, parental and fraternal inflection, reverence for age, and care for the young as in Jewrsh families. The women, too, have been ennobled, not do. graded, by being thrown 011 themselves and on their families for their sphere of thought and action. They are almost always thorough- ly instructed in business, and capable of tak- ing a part in great affairs ; for it has been the custom of theirrace to consider the wife the helpmatcâ€"thc sharer in every transaction that establishes the position or enhances the comfort of the family. Leisure, activity of mind, and the desire to hand on the torch of instruction from the women of one gen- eration to those of another, inspire Jew- esses with a zeal for education, a love of refinement, and sympathy with art. Homes of the bcst type are of course to be taken as the standard when it is inquired what are the characteristics of a race as seen at its best; and European family life of the highest type , of Jews. 'l‘hcir isolation, again, makes most 1 of the men liberal and free from the prejudics 1 of class, just as their connection with their" dispersed brethren relieves them from the pressure of insular narrowncss. But, as Mr. ~ Bright remarks, religious bigotry is slow to ‘ - die away altogether ; and even in edu- ~ cated English society, there are few Christians who do not think themselves entitled to approach a Jew with a sense of secret superiority. If a Jew is osten- tatious, or obtrudes his wealth, if his women are loaded with jewelry, if he talks lhe slang ‘ of the sporting world in order to show what a fine creature he is, society is as right to put him down as to put down any Christian like him. But the philanthropists who in- / vited Mr. Bright to attend their meeting ' may (be profitably invited to search their own hearts and ask themselves whether they are quite free from that feeling that the best 5 Jew is never the equal of the worst Christ- ian, which is at the root of the Roumaniau riots, and which certainly is entirely out of keeping with the tenets and teaching of the school of Galilee. A long article appears in the Paris Journal l of the 8th April, from the pen of M. J. J. Weiss on the subject of the actual responsi- bility incurred by the ex-Emperor of the French with regard to the disastrous con- sequences of Sedan. The writer, after allud- ing to the public idea, that all the faults committed at that time were solely attribut- able to the Emperor, energetically maintains that this View is both false and unjust. “If,” he adds, “the popular explanation of the mis- fortunes of the recent war was only calculated to damage the personal renown of Napoleon 111., he would have no difficulty in leaving to historians the task of rendering justice and of assigning blame to the right quarters. But the opinion that the Emperor is the sole author of the catastrophe of which France is the victim is followed by another opinion to the effect that, now that Napoleon has disappeared, everythingâ€"government, diplomacy, army, organisation, &c.â€"has bl- come, or is about to become, perfect ; and that, had it not been for the Emperor, Min- isters in 1870 would not have failed in their policy, and the War Administration would have discovered in good time they were not prepared to fight.” After briefly alluding to the dignified attitude maintained at that critical period by the Empress. and to her noble words after the earlier misfortunes of the warâ€"“ It is not a question of saving the Empire, but a question of saving France"â€" M. Weiss enters very fully into the actual position occupied by the Emperor while with the army, and quotes the evidence of Marshal M’Mahon to prove that, on trans- ferring to him the command of the army of Chalons, Napoleon III. entirely gave up all responsibility, and left the control of affairs solely in the hands of the Marshal. Indeed, cnly on two occasions did the Emperor ac. tuully interfere in the conduct of the war merely on his own responsibilityâ€"on the 2nd of August, when he commanded the de- plorable “military comedy” at Sarrebruck; and on the 1st September, when he took up- on himself to hoist the flag of truce at Sedan. All was then lost; three generals had suc- ceeded each other with three different plans ; there was no longer an armyâ€" there was no ,longer even ' regiments. Nothing but rout, slaughter, and carnage in their most horrible forms. In this scene of confusion and defeat the flag of truce was raised by order of Napoleon III. With such scenes before his eyes, he, who the evening before had been but as a private soldier in the army, then recollected that he was still Emperor, and that he alone would be held accountable for such useless horrors if he al- lowed them to continue an hour longer. “This is what they called the mud (la bone) of Sedan,” adds the writer; l‘and we will do this metaphor the honor of discussing it after it has been proved that the terrible words of the correspondent of the Siccle, re- ferring to that dayâ€"‘ We were walking on the woundedâ€"are also but a figure of rhetoric.” â€"How to consume timeâ€"Eat dates. â€"0. W. Holmes says that crying widows marry first. There is nothing like wet weather for transplanting. Napoleon III. at Sedan. The major presented me to Doctor Didi- wick, a red-headed, stuttering, eccentric indi- vidual, who was going up toward Yeokem's on a. professional tour, and would ride with us. This was fortunate, us the road we e011- templated traveling was very obscure and difficult, and the country not rm agreeable one to get lost in. The doctor also counseled us to provide against all contingencies on to.m0rrow’s journey; so we ordered our hostess to have prepared a, ham, a sack of biscuit, and some bottles of cold teaâ€"this last, by-the-way, a, most excellent beverage for wayfaring peo- ple. . . -‘. 1 After supper, hearing a mighty and con- tinuous thumping in the direction of the kitchen, I thought it advisable to look in and give some special directions about the biscuit, which should be well beaten anu thoroughly baked to prevent their getting mouldy. Opening a door, I stepped out on the back porch, and, to my astonishment, caught the doctor pelting and pounding at a batch of dough. The dough looked rather dark, tobe sure,and the doctor slightly embar- raSSed ; but, not to be ceremonious, I said, 7 “ Rciflly, fiocxor, this is very considerate" in you to mal;e_t!1c biscuit for yourself.” “What b-b-b-biscuit? ” he stuttercd, sur- prised and oflended. “ Go to the c-c-c-cook. I’m making blue-pills for my patients to- morrow.” h In the name of Esculapius, how many do you makfg afi a time ? ” “ Oh,” said he, “a p-p-p-p-peck, more or less. Practice in these mountains is different from your city practice. I make my rounds only once a month, and it takes a. week’s riding to get through, so that I have to pro- vision a. whole district to last un'il I come again.” ‘ u In the morning we were on the road be- times, all in fine spirits except Cockney, who was a little sore from yesterday’s ride, but did his best not to mind it. The country was wild and rugged enough, but more populous than we had imagined. The doctor called at every house, and at his familiar halloo all the inmates, from the hobbling ccntenarian to the toddling yearling, flocked out to greet him. He inquired after their Welfare, physical and moral, in a most kind and fatherly manner, naming such as had been ailing at his last visit. Having audited all their complaints, he would leave one (er two teacupfuls of pills and ride on. Sometimes he took the trouble to dismount and enter the cabin of some bedridden patient ; at others he would simply inquire‘ concerning a family living,r far back in the woods, and leave a measure of pills to he sent ovcrncxt Sunday. Occasionally he had the luck to meet a customer on the road, and delivered his monthly allowance on the spot. The doctor was evidently honored and be- loved by the whole country, and consulted on all questions that arose, in law, agricul- ture, and politics. He was a sturdy Dune- ‘crat, and dispensed gratuitous opinions on this subjectas freely as he did his blueâ€"pills. He stuttered scar-eastically against medical quacks, and thought the laws were not sufli- ciently severe against them. Some years ago a soâ€"called hero doctor came poaching upon his domain, and was a great grief of mind to him. The fellow was civil and wouldn’t quarrel, bit secretly undermined the prac- titioner, was getting all his patients, and ruining the health of the district. The interloper had two weaknessesâ€"he was fond of backgammon, and hated snakes. Didiwick cared no more for snakes than he did for fishing worms, so he took all oppor- tunities to bcdevil his rival with practical jokes in which serpents played a. loading part. One day be challenged the herb doctor to a game of backgammon. Pleased with the unusual civility, he accepted, and seated him- self at the table Where the box lay closed before him. The tavern lonngers, aware that something was up, gatherd round to wit- ness the game. The doctor opened thé béard, and a six foot black-snake leaped cut into his face. He fled, anq retulppd go more. "Set ufe board, doctor," said Didiwick, “while I 9:0 to order twc julreps.”_ “And so I got rid of the cussed humbug befoxe he killed of} my whole district."â€" Porte Crayon, in Harper's Magazine for May. â€"â€"In the ease of McGunigal vs. G. T. R., at the late Assizes, a verdict was rendered of some importance to farmers and the public generally. It appears Mr. A. McGunigal, some two or three years ago, was driving over the track in this town, when his horses took freight and ran away. The cattle guards we] 3 filled with snow;and beaten like a road by the feet of travelers; and instead of keeping straight on, the team turned up the track, and were killed by a passing train. Doctor McMiehael, Messrs. Idington and Lissons were retained tor the defense, and endeavored, among other things to show that Mr. A. McGunigal was drunk and negligent. Mr. C. S. Jones conducted the case for the plaintifi', and suc- ceeded in upsetting their case, and securing a verdict of $200 against the Company. The law says people must not leave cattle or horses at large within a-half mile ofa railroad track, but the act does not apply to cases where horses break loose from their owners. It would seem that the railroad companies must keep their cattle guards clear all the year roundâ€"St. Mary‘s Vzdettc. â€"The followxng powerful appeal was made in a Western Court of Justice by a. learned member of the Bar : “ Gentleman of the jury, do you think my client, who lives in a pleasant valley where the land air rich and the soil air fertile, would be guilty of stealing little skeins of cotton? I think notâ€"I reckon notâ€"I calculate not! And I guess gentleman of the jury, you had better bring my client in not guilty, for if you convict him, him and his son John will lick the hull darned lot of you i Advertising alone docs not produce success. The thing which is advertised must have intrinsic merit, or else large advertising will eventually do it more harm than good. If you have anything which you know to be good advertise it thoroughly, and you will be sure to succeed; it it is poor, don’t praise it, for people will soon;discover you are ly- mg. Such is the policy of the BURLINGTON ROUTE, which runs to three great regions in the West: let, to Omaha,conuecting with the great Pacific Roads. 2d, to Lincoln, the capital of Nebraska, and all that beautiful region south of the Platte, filled with R. R. lands and homesteads. 3d, to St. Joseph, Kepsas City, and all Keheas points: .1, The roads' are splendidly Built, have the best bridges, finest cars, the Miller platform and coupler, and the safety air brake (to pre- vent the loss of life that is everywhere else happening) ; Pullman’s sleepers, Pullman dining cars {large and powerful engines (to make quick time and good connections). and in a word the best equipped roads in the West. So that if you desire to go safely, surely, quickly and comfortably to any point in Southern Iowa, Nebraska,Kansas,or on the Pacific Roads,be sure that you go “By Way of Burlington.” All who wish particular information, and a. large map, showing correctly the Great West, and all its railroad connections can obtain them, and other knowledge by addressing General Passenger A gent, B & M0. R.R.R., Burlington, Iowa. WE beg to call attention to the advertise- ment of the Golden Griflin, Toronto, in this dayp issue. Messrs. Petley & Dineen ffer one of the largest and best selecfied stocks in ‘he Province at lowest cash prices. Be sure to call and see for yourselves. Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, California. A West Virginia Doctor. WHEN VISITING TORONTO, GOLDEN GRIFFIN And anmlne our Immense Stock 01 Millinery, Mantleét, Shawls, Silks, Drapes, Laces, Carpets, Housefurnishings and Domestic Goods. THE CLOTHING DEPARTDIENT ! Superior Ready Made Clothing, Fine Broadcloths, The extent of our Business can the beLter be understood as our House comprises eighteen dif- ferent, departments :mrf' twenty salesmen.an giving employment to over Three Hundred Hands. Remember the Address, 128, 130, 32 King Street East, Hughs 86 Co‘s. Old Stand, PETLEY & DINEEN, Managers. S F‘E T HAT 2,” and ” No. 3!,” of tins brand, ure'unsnr- passed [or body and brilliancy of shade. Pack- ages contain full net. weight. The, public are warned that certain other brands are 112- lbs short in every su-callcd 25 pound package. “INITE LEADS, “GENUINE.” “No. 2,” qua ” No._3‘,”.r_)_r.t.lus bpam‘l, ' Examine tho brand nnd do not be put with inferior paints. The BEST is always CHEAP- EST. Sold by respectabledcalcx‘sin Paints through- out. Ontario, and to desk 1» only by J. BELL SIMPSON’S SPECIFIC I’ILLS, The only known cure for NERVOUS DEBILITY,NOCTURNAL EMIS- distressing resulting diseases, such as lassitude, inability for business, dnmmss of vision, (to. Robert Arthur, machinist, Catharine street, Hamilton, among hundreds of others. testifies m his cure of a Very bud case by Lh exr use. One box is sufficient m produce :1 beneficial resulh. lrnot. procured at the druggists may will be Sent. bymnil securely wrapped from observa- tion, on receipt. of $1.06, by the General Agent. for Dominion, WM. STARK, R HARVEST TOOLS, BLACKSMITHS’ TOOLS, TIN, CANADA PLATES, 63c ALSO Agents for the “CALDER.” Pig Iron Nos.1,3. and white. ADAM HOPE <5; 00., Hamilton 01m April 8, 1872. n.f.p.-3m. iowa. (35 Nebraska Lands F01". SALE BY THE Burlington 65 Mo. River B.-R. Co. MILLIONS OF ACRES. 0n Ten Years’ Credit at 6 per ct. Interest. Nopzu‘t 01‘ principal duo fortwo years. and thience only om_z_â€"_ninth yearn L2H pajduillfull. I’RODIH‘TS will pay 101' land and improve- ments wiLhin the limit of this generous credit. Better terms were never ofl'erod, are not prd - bly gave 1' will nozu ClRCULARS nglnz full particulars are sup- plied gratis ; any wishing to induce others to emigrate with them, 01' to form a colony, are invited to ask for all they want to distribute. Apply to GEO. ._ . HARRIS, Land Comm’r. For Iowa Lands, at. Burlington, Iowa, And for Nebraska Lands, at blncoln, Neb March 26, 1892 mtg, RE SHO‘VING A LARGE AND WELL ASSORTED STOCK OF GENTS’ FURNISHINGS & JEWELLRY, SMALL \VARES, FANCY GOODS. IIOSIERY, GLOVES & CORSETS, floor SKIRTS AND HUSTLER. N. B.â€"Orders by letter promptly and care- fully filled. SPRING TRADE, 1872. DAVID McLfiLAN 6; Go. 581{ING STREET WEST E A M I L T O N , AMERICAN HOTEL, IiIN Gâ€" STRICET VV EST, PROPRIETOR. GENERAL STAGE OFB‘ICE, HAMILTON, ONT. F. W. BEARMAN [put up in Pills or Tonic] Creates Healthfitrengthmnd vigorous old age cures nervous debiliby, weakness. disturbed sleep, lowncss of spirits, and purifies the blood. Pills sent. in boxes, $1 00. Send addressed enve- lope, stampJor E. K.lirown’s circular. ‘1‘r.sz- thanbeingthejactlng ingredient of E.K.]51‘owu’s Holaynx, which speedily forces WIIISKERS and MUSTACHE to grow heavy and thick in a short, Lime. and prevents baldness. Receipt, sent in envelope, post free, for 50 cts. ‘ Address, E. K. BRUWN. Box 7, Suatford, Ont. May 4, 1872. M afp-tf ELIXIR OF STRENGTH ; HE SUBSCRIBERVS OFFER FOR SALE A MYRTLE NAVY HELF H ARI)\VARE, BAR. IRON, CUT NAILS,I{0RSE NAILS April 1?, 1872. April 4. 1872. fangie Stdck of M arch 26. 1872 Iâ€"IARDWARE I SIGNS, IMI’OTENCE, (QTHOSE E. K. BROWN’S Hamilton. February 27. 1872. The Leading House of Fashion! Take no Cheap Imimticnns! Well known, never failing. SMOKERS?! Doeskin Cassmers, Vestings, Fancy Clothing, DON’T FAIL TO CALL ELLIOT & 00., meeer’fD. West; of England Tweeds, Ohevit & German Scotch Tweeds, TORONTO ‘Hzimilton- 11.1213. Is well s'ocked With 1," “No. n.f.g AT THE Tailors’ Trimmings, &c. YOUR BET\VEEN London, Quebec & Montreal. COM POSED cf the following FIRST-CLASS IRON STEAMSIIII‘S :â€" SCOTLAND, MEDW AY, TEVIOT TWEED, THAM Es, HECTOR. NIGER, SEVERN, NILE ADALIA. a HE STEAMERS OF THIS LINE are intend- ed to sail \VEEKLY, as follows, during the Season of Navigmlon of 1872,to and from LON- DON, QUEBEC & MONTREAL, [Calling at PLY- MOUTH, Outward, for Passengers, and leaving the Port EVERY FRIDAY.] NILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturday 20th Apr MEDWAY .. .. . . .. .‘Vcdnesday 24th ‘ SCOTLAN . . . . . . . . . . . " 1% Mn HECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ 8th ‘ THAMES. . . . . . . . . . .. “ 15th “ ADAL IA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ 22nd “ And direct every WEDNESDAY thereafter. NIGER. . . . NILE . . . . . . MICUVVAY HECTOR .‘ THAMES.. ADALIA. . CABIN ' . - - - . - $60.00 STEEBAGE - - - - - 24-00 :Through Tickets from all Pol nts ‘Vest at Re- duced Fares. Certificates issued to persons de- sirous of bringing om. their friends. 'l‘mv~ugn Bills of Ladng lssued on the Confluent and in London for all parts of Canada, and in the United Stat-cs to DETROlT. MILWAUKEE, CHICAGO. and other points in theWest. For Freight or Passage, apply to TEMPER- LEY’S, :CARTER dk DRAKE. 21 Blllltcr 80., London ; WILCUX & \VEEKES, Barrican, Plymouth; RUSS dd (30., Quebec; 01' 900,000 ACRES _QF_. Excellent Farming and Sp ndid MICHIGAN PINE LANDS On which are One Thousand Millions of Pine Timber, and Inexhaustible Quantities of Maple, Bench, Elm, Ash, Hemlock, Oak. (EC. The grant of lands to the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad Company, to build their Road from Fort, Wayne, Indiana, to Traverse Bay and Mackinaw, Michigan, comprises in its farming lands every variety of soil, from the Mich clay loam, to the light sandy, and they are found in 1.11m. section of Michigan, north of the City of Grand Rapids, and contiguous to the great fruit. belt on the eastern shores of Lake Michigan, now being rapidly developed by railroad andptherenterprises. I -y,,,‘,i 1; m. yr. .vu. FARMING LANDS are sold to actual settlers, 0N CREDIT, one quarter down, balance in year- ly payments, interest, 7 per cent. Persons de- sirous of locations for farms will, on aggllca- qion at the OFFICE, IN GRAND RAPIDS, fur- nished with TICKETS OVER THE ROAD, en- titling them to RETURN OF FARES, in the event of purchasing any of the Com any’s farming land. For information about I. e lands, prices, location, &c., address WM. A. HOWARD, Land Commissioner, Title Perfect. Grand Rapids, Mich. October 30, 1871. 5 WM-Bm LnAIAvuu um“ "any The PINE LAND are 51 ted on the Muske- gon, Mamstee, Pere Marquette, White, Pine, Tamarack, Fat. and Rouge Rivers, and lyln twenty miles on eiLhar side of the surveye line or said road, and are in the heart. of the PINE SECTION, from which Chicago is so large- , r .___,. M4- “A1,: ‘A “no...‘ Mann“. S‘filrts, Collars, Fronts, Scarfs, Ties and Bows, Hosiery 4L Gloves, Small Wares d: Trimmings GRAY, RENNIE 00., WHOLESALE IMPORTERS, 42 YOUNG STREET, TORONTO. ‘ Gents’ Jewellry, ONE SODA WATER FOUNTAIN. Genera- tor (almost. new, only used about 3 months), 2cylindors, (one cast iron, porcelain lined), 7 Syrup DOM/10S, 5 cut, glass tumblers, and 3 silver holderan good order and ready for immediate use. For particulars address (prepaid) DRUGGIST, SPECTATOR Ofiice, Hamilton, Ont. Feb, 24, ’72. Orders by mail carefully filled March 26. 1872. HOW A COMPLETE STOCK OF TEMPERLEY’S LINE. TO THE TRADE. And every TUESDAY thereafter. QUEBEC TO LONDON : FOR, SALE, Umbrelya' "ERugs, Curse» , Skirts dz Bustles, FOR SALE, CHEAP. RATES OF PASSAGE. FROM LONDON. FROM QUEBEC. GRAY, RENNIE & Co. HEB ( STAMPED dlZâ€"om lawd w3-6m DAVID SHAW, W6£16e§2131y 724th ‘ u . " 1% May. . H 8th u . N 15th H Tuesday, 7th May. . ” 14m “ . “ 218E May. ' ll u . " 4111 J une “ 11th ' MONTREAL 1