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may h'appy andrln‘therto" Macmilme Many single ladies will be rendered abso- 111ter destitute. Many elderly gentlemen who thought themselves well provided for for life, will have to get assistance from the poor’s funds, and some will no doubt go mad or ruth from their trouble to suicide and the rest of the grave. The mismanagement of the directors has been simply enormous and ought to be called by a few harsher names. Whether they can be proceeded against criminally remains to be seen. It is evident at any rate that many have suffered death for offences which in comparison were very venial. There was rather a good little jeu d‘zsprit made by a member of the press when the judges were tossing for choice of positions at .szhine. A Canadian 255-0th piece was tossed up, and, as before' mentioned, Han- Ian’s man won, whereupon an American, ha'f in just and half in earnest, said: “ I Wonder if there is any quarter here for an American, ” It should not be forgotten that the first “ kick ” in connection wfth the race for the championship came from Wilkes’ Spirit, the editor of which is the man who put Schaefer in the hole for $1,000. The correspondents of all the Western newspapers concur in the opinion tlnt Hau- lan defeated Courtney on his merits, and that his style was faultless, while the latter was shaky at times. A eorrcspondent from Newcastle-on-Tyno witnessed the race for the championship, evidently in the interest of England’s oars- 1ncn, who fear that the Canadians have a world-beater in Hanlan. Is there no way by which such swindling can either be prevented or punished ‘3 It would seem not. No doubt it is very easy to say that people should be careful of the persons and institutions they entrust with the management of their property. But this goes a very short way to the solution of the difficulty. All the guarantees which can be thought of are apparently given, and yet all comes to nothing, In this case the direc- tors, or at least some of them, had borrowed Immense sums from the Bank, contrary to all law and all honesty. Yet how is Such a thing to be prevented if those placed in trust have a mind to help themselves? It is sim- ply, we suppose, a. breach of trust. Perhaps not even that. In different parts of the Do- minion we have lately had some very bad cases of dishonesty, and with people whose friends could have willingly trusted them with any quantity of uncounth gold. Are the times getting altogether out of joint '3 It would seem that they are. Perhaps those defaulters did not mean to be dishonest ; but the diseased love of riches, the desire to be speedily wealthy, and the reeklesss gam- bling spirit that is so prevalent, had taken such possession of them that they could not resist. Nor does the church seem to exer- cise a very great amount of restraining influ- ence. A large proportion of all these swin- dlers are not only members of churches, but pretty prominent and bustlinibr ones at that. It is to be regretted that so unsatisfactory a team should have been selected to re pre- sent the premier province of the Dominion, more particularly when the match was of suchan international nature. They have done themselves, their province, and the Domin- ion but little credit, and it is to be hoped that on such another inlpartant oscasion a better and more representative team will be secured. Business apparently has become a more game of grab, at which the most impudent and the most unprinuipled seem to have the best chance. But what are plain unenter- prising people to do ? Are they to make no investments '3 Are they to fall back on the old plan of hoarding ? One can scarcely say. At any rate it is very evident that bank stock is a. risky investment, bad enough in Canada where the unfortunate shareholder is only responsible for double his shares, but in Britain when the responsibility extends to the last farthing possessed, so bad that it is a. wonder any one can be led to touch them. Of all the applications of science to the practical arts, there is none that can for a moment bear comparison with its application to the art of teaching. Scientific education, as currently understood, refers to something of greatly inferior importance : it means in- struction in the sciences. Many of the teachers in our schools know something of these sciences, and do what they can to ex- pound them. This, of course, is useful, but it is the lowest agency for the diffusion of science. Of the uses of science to themselves as professors of the art of teaching, or of its value in guiding the process of education, it is not too much to say that the mass of teachers as yet know nothing. This, how- ever, is the main and essential thing now to be imperativer demanded,and which, when attained, will do more toward the universal promotion of science than all other modes of influence combined. Scientific education is far less a question of the number of hours per week that are to be devoted to this kind of study than a question of bringing scientific knowledge to bear upon the operations of the school-room. The Australia; team failed ,to make the impression that was expected. There was nothing particularly brilliant“ about their play, either at the bat or in the field, hung cautious and patient rather than shosvy or sensational. It told in the long run, how- ever, more particularly in the bowling, and espeJiallg when “ the demon bowler,” Spof~ forth, had the ball, the wickets going do vn before him like ten-pins. The Australians won a hollow victory on the second innings, with all their wickets standing. The Ontario men sent $500,000 to M on- trcal with which to back their “ Ned.” The great cricket match, between the fa- mous Australian eleven and a picked team of twenty-two from Ont trio, was the sport- ing event of the week in Toronto. No one, we suppose, expected a different conclu~ion to the game, but so disastrous a defeat Was hardly looked for, and the Canadians cannot be very highly congratulate-l on their pl 1y. On Tuesday, when the Australians, having Won the toss, sent their opponents to the wickets, they made some sort of show, mak- ing a score of 100 in their first innings, of which Adams made 17, the highest figure scored individually, well seconded by Messrs. Ray and T. \V. Hall, for 12 respect ively. In the second innings, however, played on the following day, they were literally nowhere, having scored a miserable 54, or an average of about two runs to each man ! \Vhile their play, as a team, must be pronounced had in the extreme, individually there was some excellent play. But in was ‘ a badly picked team; there were men in it who should never have been allowed t > play in amatch of so much importance. They seem to have been chosen at random, thrown together higgledy-piggledy, and without a day’s practice together. Science Commercial Dishonesty. VOL. XXI. NO. 20.~NEW SERIES in relation to Teaching. of Sports. MagiskWt-finty film tbs C wif‘hav. gcommcnco on the mm of June, would finish by the 13th of July. l‘hc event) justified my announcement, and M; the same time convinced me that he had such consciousness of his strong will that no needless words escaped his lips. It has often been remarked that PrinceI Viismarck hesitates for a word, and some. times stops Several seconds to discover it, in which case the word is of mathematical pre- cision, and goes straight at the mark. This slowness of speech has been ascribed to a difficulty of expressing himself, but I should rather attribute it to a habit which has be- come a second nature. He does not utter a word without lirst having weighed its eifect, and when he pauses it is to consider the ex- pression which suggests itself to him, that he may use it only after foresccing all possi- ble consequences. He does not, as has been said, despise men in general, but he does not believe in great men. He thinks the political reputations which rise over the heads of ordinary mortals result from chance and unforeseen circumstances, and he has a skeptical smile whenever one of these names is pronounced before him. He is, perhaps, l the only man living who exceeds his colos- sal fame, but he exceeds it by his defects as well as by his excellenccs. lie begins to be immense at the point where he ceases to be great, and his disdain for others is mingled with a strong dose of self-esteem. He has a natural pride which renders him indilieieut to praise and irritated at the slightest criti- cism. He has such an opinion of his own infallibility that he deems eulogy an impor- tineuce and censure a blasphemy. Ile de- lights in conflict which always ends in vic- tory, but the least rebuff seems to him a blunder committed by destiny, and he will never look at home for the real cause of it, He speaks of others with caution and oil'- cuinspection ; not out of indulgence, but be- cause he thinks that every opinion he passes upon them is an historical judgment and that he himself has a wonderful virtue with- , out which he Would have been the most ‘ dangerous of men. With a profound re- spect for history, he feels that he is the pro- minent iigureoftheagc, and does not imagine that history can twit him with any of those actions which tarnish a man’s memory. It matters little to him that he is charged with being harsh and implacable, with having piti- lessly crushed his opponents, with having impaired the greatness of his nation by sac- rificing thousands of lives, with having re- tarded the development of his country’s liberties, with being skeptical at heart and reactionary in act, with having the insensatc pride of wanting the sole direction of a na- tion’s fate, with rushing into every conflict without shrinking from any violence. It matters litt‘e to him, in short, to be charged with all the pride and audacity imputed to great men by history. \Vhat he will not tolerate is beingreproached with petty defects orthought capable of falsehoodordishonesty. it is a vulgar prejudice, moreover, to fancy } that a great dipl'nnatist is synonymous with agieat liar. l have not met with a single diplomatist worthy of the name capable of lying ; and falsehood, if it was ever a diplo- 1 nmtic weapon, has become obsolete, or is handlcd only by mediocrities. It is not i Bismarck’s weapon. Ilc does not say, how- ever, all he thinks, but what he does say he . says bluntly, with the indiliercnce of a man who considers himself strong enough not to conceal his ideas. He seems pettiness. i He has great qualities, an 1 defects on the JSIMIIO scale as his qualities. He does not i forgive those who try to lessen him in the ’eyes of history. He has not yet forgiven i Prince Gortchakolf for thinking him capable ‘ in 1865 of concurring in the plans conceived by the Prussian military authorities against France. It is now generally believed, in- deed, that Bismarck was the declared enemy of that scheme of unjustifiable aggression. It is really llllllmlll‘; not to be struck by the contrast (misting lLIl/chll Prince Bismarek’s terrib'e reputation and the patriarchal pic- ture ieprescnteil by the family of which he is the head when he returns home to rest from the ardent struggle in which he has so long been engaged. N nhiug is more simple and touching than the respeciful and silent enthusiasm with which his wife and children surround him an the devotetlness they Show to him. in his family circle he lets niinseh be gnverned by their nnxmus tenderness. When he leaves the tible his wife or son brings him his long clay pipe and lights it {or him. This lirst pipe smoked, a second, all ready is handed to him, and this is after- wzu'd gently taken frcm him without a. third being brought. Thea Prince yields to this silent tyranny, which relieves him of a por- tion of his personal cares. M'son Herbert told me, “ 1 have put my fathefito bed, for he, too, you see, ends by being fired.” He is treated indeed, by his fumilf as a demi- Lgod, and cared for as an infan 1’; On hearing him chat with his family one is struck by the elearness with which he eipresses him- self, the grace uith which he, stoops to fa.- miliurity, and also by the feeling of irre.~isti- blc fem.) whish he inspires, 780 that when me; he has raid anything it becomes law. Even when he nnbenus the most naturally you are an wious that he his only to clinch his lingcis w crush an adversary, and will Quit wxitnuthesitatiop if it is a-q y ‘on;of “We! in“?! . ‘ .7 - ._ .,. . at] versar The Prince in the Boscm of the Famllyâ€" His slowness of Spé‘echr rHis .Dis- like of Gortchakofi-A Dra- mntlc Interview with Thiers'and Favre. The Two Sides of the German Chan- cellor’s Character. SMILE WHENEVER. YOU CAN And Humrh yv u‘ru 5mm: zuul s \n\1_!1m\'lm\'c .m unmy purs‘ (An I vu‘rth um mmy trials \Vhiuh l mu hlm‘ wars: 1) But lvcthm _ llyur smr \\' Fi I up your lutH'Lvl‘l 3| :w, ‘\\'ill mnk un‘ lméhww In" Ynu mith |>u marcd much Sigh If you w 11M k op in mi 11 ’1‘] 0 11mm: ll‘hn‘l g0 11am] cwl Are uhuu'shcr: uumhim 11. Th rv IllllSn he sunth 1);: “until \‘Idt (mgh '\m1 on may miss f-‘u T m. prcci rug jc Why thnld you (held M-murlmw Ant] (mus umpoii to (lay? For whun you borrow ll'nuhl-J, You always ham: to pay. I' is a g v0.1 uld max In, Which shquhl hu uflcu [m :Lwhcl Don't vross HIL- hriqlgu hrfuru )Ull Unbll the hri lgc ls l‘ ' u l‘ When thing-W1 don't, go to Flli‘ )0", And the world seem‘ "pride ll m I] Don’t m (5 your time in fire t Hg, Bu! drive away Ihm fruwn; Since life is oil, perplexing "I‘m Imu-h nu- wiscst Nam Tu hcwr all trials [mm 1‘, And smile wnc c'( ‘nu mu. ORAL? ULA R U'I‘TERANCEN" uifld.‘ Kim'sâ€"a; BISMARCK. :yun‘ p:l§h\\" W) IIQKI‘AKM V\ oi I“ ‘lll‘ wumin \\ c ‘1 a h musk L :mlbh zuul shmly ’iTS'Ji'lE’hial’lj If, however, he attacks those able to con- front him, he has justice and indulgence for vanquished foemeu worth of his steel; in proof of which let me to quote the account he gave me, in speaking of M. Tilicrs, of a strange and even pathetic scene, worthy the brush of an historical painter: I am a good-Md with friends and a. gmd enemy with enemies. Aml Gortchaknlf, while engaged for the last two ye~ in the Eastern afiair, has found this ou¢But the affair of 1875 he wouldr’fiot be wk» is, and would not have underg-me t cal defeat he_has just experienced.” ’. I BEEMI-ck’a Whole cha‘tacter is rcvmlndim a'iiiéng- those who measure the height of a tree only when it is felled, but likn ’m at- tack trees standing in :1“ their strength, and to p't himqu against a lverszmes weithy of him. He strikes Prince Gortchukoif lie- cause he is erect, and the day when he prov nounced these words, which appertain to history, and which he knew, I think, would be published, Gortchakoi’f was in the pleni- tude of his power. “ Ah ! the French have not been just to- ward that poor M. Thiers. He was a true patriot, however, and the most striking fig- ure I have yet met with in contemporary France. I had a kind of pity for that poor little old man, who went over Europe amid the rigour of winter to solicit impossible sneoour ; who crossed and reerossed the lines separating us from Paris, anxious to make peace ; worried by the requirements of those who had remained in Paris, passing through the musket shots tired at him by our posts, notwithstanding the strict orders which had been given them.” HeFe the Prince paused an instant, half closing his eyes as It recallmg somethmg ; then resuming the conversation he said : “ I remember an incident I shall never. forget. We had met to discuss a question ‘ on which we could not agree. M. 'l‘hiers fought like a beau diable. M. Jules Favre wept, made tragic gestures, and no progress was made. Suddenly I began talklng Ger- man. M. Thiers looked at me with an amazed air and said, ‘ You know very well we do not understand German.’ ‘ Just so,’ I said ; ‘whcn I discuss with men with whom I expect ultimately to come to an understmding I speak their language ; but when I begin to see that it is useless to discuss with them I speak my own ; send for an interpreter.’ The truth is, I was in a hurry to settle matters. I had been on thorns for a week. I was expecting every night to be Woke up by a telegram bringing an English, Russian, Austrian, or Italian demand in favour of France. I know, in- deed, I should Lave disregarded it, but it would have none the less been an indirect intervention and an interference in the quarrel between France and Germany. This had to be avoided at all costs, and it was therefore that, despite my admiration of 'J‘hicrs’ patriotic tenacity, l was so off- liand in talking German. These tactics had a strange effect. M. Jules Favre extended his long arm to heaven, his hair stood on end, and. concealing his face in his hands, he rushed into a cornerof the room, pressing his hand against the wall as if he would not be a witness of the humiliation inflicted on the representatives of France in forcing them to continue the negotiations in German. M. Thiers looked up above his spectacles with a scandalized air, then rushed to a. table at the end of the room, and I heard his pen dashing feverishly over the paper. In a short time he came back to me. His small eyes flamed behind his spectacles, his mouth was drawn up in anger, and he offered me the pa} or with an abrupt movement, and in a husky and almost harsh voice said, ‘Is that what you want ‘2’ I looked at what 11c had written ; it was admirably drawn up, and was pretty nearly what I wanted. 1 I then resumed speaking in French, and ithe negotirtions were completed in that ‘ tongue. ” “ I should not have wished for peace if I had been the villain (bosewichl) Gortehalioll made me out to be in 1875. The whole story which then startled Europe, and to which a letter in the Times gave so great an echo, was nothing but it plot devised by Gortehakofi' and Gontant. It was a plot be- tween Gontaut and Gortehakofl', who was eager to reap praises from the French pa- , pers and be styled the ‘ saviour ‘ f France.’ They had arranged this so that the l thing should burst forth the very day of the arrival of the Czar, who was t) appear as Quos ego, and by his mere appe trance t ugive security to France, peace to Europe, and honour to Germany. I never saw a states- man act more heedlessly â€"from a se'itiment of vanity to compromise a fliendship be- tween two governments ; to expose himself to the most serious 0 )nscqnenecs in order to attribute to himself the role of saviour when there was nothing in danger. I told the Emperor of Russia and. told GortchakolT, ‘ if you have such a mind for a Frtnoh apotlieosis, we have still eielit enough in Paris to be able to make you appear on some theatre in mythological costume, with wings on your shoulders, and surrounded with Bengal lights. It really was not worth while to depict us as villains for the sole purpose of is suing a circular.’ That famous circular, moreover, commenced with these words, ‘ Peace is now insure l,’ and when I complainei of that phrase, which would have confirmed all the alarming rumours, it was altered into ‘ The maintenance to)“. peace is now inaured,’ V, hieh did. not mean much less. I said"’to‘~the Russian Chancellor : ‘ You certai, ly Will not have much room for congratulatigfi‘ on what you have 1 een dong in risking our’friendshfp for an empty sat- isfaction, ‘Iftankly tell you, however, that quuutc this story because it appertains to history. Prince Bismarck shows himself as both Lliphunatista‘nd painter. It is quite a picture, the momvnt when M. Thich hands the Prince the paper he has just written, while M. Jules Fawn: hurics his head in a corner. 1 also quote it because it depicts Bismarck, however, is jealous not only of his own, but of his country’s reput tion, [ and denies that such a plan was ever con- \: ccivul. On my remarking at the and of my 0; inti-rview with him that Europe counted 01 upon PtaOG as soon as it knew he wished for 1,1 in, he eagerly caught up the phrase {or the J as purpose of reveiting t) the “scare,” of I s} Astroneg disuvowing any complicity with i '1' the authors nitheplan (If settling his account of with Prince Gortchakofi', and of absulving 1)] all Germany from the unwarrant \ble Scheme which tcrr fiel Europe. He ex» claimed : W m . L i ; It is said that seeing himself on the point the i of he Mg overpowered, and lteing anxious at i wh< ‘ all cost ta§ave Germany, the Emperor, and ‘ Spll [ him-self 1mm such a stop, M. Rulowiiz by l fore 3 his order, had file memorable conversation, i by i in which he unveiled the projects of the piti; military pruty. That conversation was the ‘ tory starting point of Europa l investigatinlli, itrue i | l i and led to Lord Dcrhy’s declaration, Prince i com I i i I ({or‘iclmkof‘f’s circular, and the abandonment i true of ail aggressive (legigns in Germany. M. iinte R'Ldnwiti, us all acqullintod with B’smurck, must see, would not; occupy his present post if he luul nob not :«1 under his instrmtinm, and he episode is as honourable to he (Jhamcllor as to the (liplomatist who thus implicin obeyed him. A DRAMATIC lN'l ‘ DESI 111‘} FOR I’EAFI! CONSERVATIVE JOURNAL on the point the patriotic resistance of M. Thin ing anxious at i whose character and gln‘y a. mi «arable 1) my Empernr, and ‘ spirit seeks to (Lhasa, and who receives from 1‘ _ .‘l A , I l n - - ' BRADFORD, ONTARIO, CANADA, OCTOBER 24 5%}? ii 1 , t9 speak may: The originality of the situation, however, soon displayed itself. The conversation turned immediately on the Congress then sitting. We discussed the rivalries of the small nationalities disputing supremacy in European Turkey. Dr. Virehow suddenly rose. " See,” he said, “ the really superior race in those countries. Look at these,” and he put into my hands three skulls; “ one of your colleagues sent me the first, and I have since procured the other two. They are the craniums of Albanians mur- dered by the Turks. Look at them. Are they thought“; was fan unexceptionallone, but they 'are all like that. these Albanian skulls. There is the race superior by far to {£1111 the others.” not fine? 011 receiving the first I' Dr. Virchoa', with enthusiastiu tenderness ‘ d a eountenance full of. affectflm, Wrassezl e craniu he held on his knees ; than, ris- ' ,flneflgymed'itfm the groundband 25A».1£W.‘}2299P}36fiifi0&€ flown-9mg of ‘skul sâ€"'M‘dutenegrin, Bosnian, Dalmatlfiu, Servian, Bulgarian, Reuniania-i, ’l‘urkish,and Hungarian. His proofs gradually accumu- lated, and at last he completed his demon t“’Jl‘rwinhs by a perfectlcircle of skulls 'of dif- ferent (lllllcllsiu in.» ' a “S, innrn A» loan “mu-1,an luv _ u-cgifhokggg, ,u, up“... uuvl\a uu alumna, auu wuu i'ucelves Il‘OIn ' by l foreign adversaries a homage grudged him“ )1), by petty detractors at home. How all these ‘ ho " pitiablo attacks vanish to the light of his- 1 he tory! How this story alone places in its] 1%, 1! true colours this grant patriot, his generous ( ice ‘ courage, his coolness, the exasperation of :1, Int l true Funchmun intent only on his country‘s W. interests, who, even in the Victor’s presence. k, will not conceal the patriotic rage which i vst Moshe; in his look ! . , «mu, u. was umrhcu UV \ swords 0r firearms. 1t Wm 41w UUDgI‘eSS mgely judged fromflmmdom'gieal point of view. He constantly reverted, however, to his Albanian skulls, and in speaking of them stooped to touch them with the linger, whereas he seornfully indicated the others with his foot; and I must add that Count Andrassy would not have been flattered had 1 he known the rank assigned by Dr. Virchow i to the Magyar. Four or five city hall officials were sitting on the steps of one of our Civic buildings, on Saturday afternoon, discussing politics and the weather, when a smallish man, seeming to be in considerable mental dis- tress, approached them and inquired : “ lentlemen, is there a scientific man here ? ” “ Certainly there is,” they replied in chorus. “ And you must be familiar with the laws governing storms '2" " We are,” was the prompt answar. “ \Vell then,” continued the stranger, “ I wish to relate what may seem like a singular occurrence. 1 live on King street, and though it began raining the other night at midnight, and continued for twenty-four hours, not a. single drop of water fell on my garden.” N Is another. ” It’s the solemn truth, gentlemen, and I’d like to know by what law of nature you can account for it ‘2 It was a. long continued, drenching storm, yet not one drop of rain fell 11pm my garden.” There wasn’t even room f0 ' a suggestion. The crowd were astonished and silent. After a long minute one of the gentlemen turned to the stranger and asked : “ You must have a theory haven’t you? ” “ I have.” “ And what is it '3” “ My theory, gentlemen, is that I rent rooms 011 the third flom, and had no garden for the rain to fall on E” Five men rose up in chorus, brushed off their coat-tails, and followed each other into the hall in Indian filo. Maximilian‘s widow continues to reside at Tervueren, near Brussels. Her first hallu- cination was that an attempt had been made to poison her in Mexico, and that this de- sign was still directed against her, and she refused all food which her sister-in-law, the queen of the Belgians, had not tasted. None now see her without the queen’s permission, and astrange face produces serious excite- ment. Sometimes she puts on a splendid dress, her roams are brilliantly lighted, and she imagines herself receiving guests, whom she addresses in various languages. She has forgotlx 11 her accomplishments in the way of music and painting. Her brother and sister-in-law, the king and queen, have all along treated her with the tenderest s0- licitudc. DIVERS receive a. high rate of pay, but, having regard to the oftentimes ghastly and dangerous character of their work, certainly earn it. One who lately went down to do some work about the Prussian Great Elector gaVe signal after an hour and a half to be drawn up. \Vhen relieved of his attire he fell senseless, his complexion assumel a purple red, and foam came from his mouth. The doctors are of opinion that staying down too long produced apnplexy, with internal hemorrhage, and that his recovery is very doubtful: den and (lextcrxtuxn bronzed, agile, and tjlnn, ation, energy ()n contemplating this speclnele and re- calling Dr. Virehow’s eloquent and incisive speechrs, I (-xpeete l to see a. gigantic figure, strangely attired, with sparkling eyes and radiant countenance, personifying the double power of a man who penetrates the secrets of death and boasts of defending that life of the living, liberty. The door opened, and I saw nothing of all this. The nnm who ad- vanced toward me was dressed like an an- tiqnary busied in arranging his collections ; his head mthn‘ thin and bony; hair and beard short and gray ; forehead bronzed, furrowed, projecting in frunt and slightly compressed at the sides ; veins visible in the temples; eyes small and retrea‘ing, mouth resolute; nose sherp _a.nd_ restless; hands . A "0' ‘J Liebreieh’s offer to introduce me to Dr. Virchow. \Ve waited some minutes in one of the laboratories. The first room we pass- ed through contained a. collection of human belies, symmetrically arranged in cases. An assistant was (ngaged in taking a cast of a skull eoquettishly placed on a glass stand. The second room was like a. miniature Valley of Jehoshaphat at the moment of the first blast of the resurrection trumpet. Thr re were skeletons erect, curved, seated, lean- ing, like men surprised in their sleep and stretching themselves before wholly waking. Bone: of every kind covered tables, shelves, :‘nd chairs, and to find a seat chairs had to be elzared of the human remains which on- eumhercd them. Numberless sku‘ls crown- ed this charming collection, grinning at the shapeless fragments scattered over furniture and floor. National Types Illustrated in Proi, Chow’s Laboratory at Berlin ‘ Sept. 5,â€"1 gagel‘ly accepted D1“ ,Ls, that possible .A Congress of Skulls. Poor Carlotta. His Garden. o«»_.>Â¥n [ERALJJ , denoting determm gasped one after Vir- and, the dwutii‘lszdmnfm :41”, “imagines!- dent classes, who, had already exhausted their borrowing credit at once began to ex. perieuee difficulty in procuring the neces. series of life. Owing to the frequent return of partial seccas, which cause but little dis- hwm, the people still clung to their homes, waitin for the rains and living as best they ecu d. The pith of the carna- huba palm furnished them a kind of flour upon which they could easily live for a. time, though its long-continued use inva- riably resulted ill-dysentery and chronic diseases of the most distressing character; and upon this, together with various roots and herbs, they were obliged to depend for sustenance. This state of affairs continued until the following May, when the people, many of them already reduced to the last extremity by hunger and disease, lost all hope and began to desert their homes for more favoured places. The interior towns were at once overcrowded with destitute refugees, and thousands of them flocked to the river courses and seashore, vainly hoping that these places had yet escaped the ravages of the seam. Later the pro- prietors of the large fazendas began to move inland to the wooded mountain slope; where they felt sure of finding water and pasturage for their cattle, and supplies for themselves sufficient to last until the next wet season. This expectation, however, proved delusive, for the springs and streams were either dry or insuiiieient to meet the demand. Then opened one of the saddest chapters in this great tragedyâ€"a chapter that is written with whitening bones over all the low country between the chapadas and the sea. The first step was to turn loose the great herds of cattle upon the arid sertao to die of hunger and thirst; then the disap- pointed refugees turned their faces seaward and began their weary march across the parched and deserted country below. Many of them died by the way, and of the sur- vivors an eye-witness writes: “The roads were filled with walking skeletons, ragged, starved, who went from house to house begging a bit of meat, a handful of farinha.” Of all the seams which have afflicted these provinces none has equalled the present one either in extent of territory or in the in- tense snfiering or great enormity among thé people. , .The dgy season of 1876 of course occasional, no Axgxiety nor distress, for the usual provisipna had been made to bring (Lver LL.‘"..-._:L;-;,LA-;; -L n. r» .. €h<fimiaéhw " ofififil‘vfif'fl' “mg m" auditho dl‘o V )6 year. But 31., 5.,uglnMe Oh my arrival in Rio de Janeiro nine months ago, the appeals for relief from Ucara had aroused the active sympathies of the benevolent, and “ benefit entertain- ments” for the suffering people of that province were of frequent occurrence; but at that time, beyond one opening of a credit for $2,000,000, the government had taken no step to meet the emergency. In fact no one dreamed that the new extend- ed so far beyond the bounds of Ceara and was enveloping so great a population with- in its fatal influence. Slowly. however, the magnitude of the calamity began to dawn upon the public mind, and when the Sinimba ministry came into power at the beginning of the year its appeals for im- perial asmstance had became so urgent that further delay was impossible. The old adage says that misfortunes never come singly, and so it proved in this case ; for the famine in the north which was filling the land with its piteous supplieations was accompanied by a. linaneial famine in the national treasury which crippled all oiiicial efforts to help the sulTerers at that time and seriously threatened the credit of the nation itself. This, of course, prevented the ren- dering of immediate, ell'ectual assistance, though efforts were at once made, both in official and private circles, to send food and clothing to the homeless and starving vie- tims of the sweet. The national government, be it said, did everything in its power to al- leviate the distress. It determined to re- sume work on the railroad between the capital of Cearaâ€"indiscriminately called Fortaleza or Cearaiand the interior town of Batnrite, one hundred kilometres in length, on which it was proposed to give employ- ment to large numbers of refugees ; it esta- blished commissions and depots of supplies in all the large towns, and it sent vessels to bring away those of the refugees who were desirous of settling in other parts of It is impossible to give the exact figures regarding either the men or the population of this district, owing to the incompleteness of all Brazilian statistics bearing on the question, and to the dilliculty in establish- lng definite bounds to the region of the saved. An excellent little memoir on the subject, A Secca Has Proumcias do Norte, published in November, 1877, by a promi- nent Brazilian engineer, Dr. Andre Rebou- eas, says ; “The most restricted limits give an area of 13,000 square leagues ; they most probably reach the amazing total of 30,000 square leagues "â€"an extent of territory mo:e than equal to the combined area of the New England states, the middle states, West Virginia, Ohio, and Indiana. Since that estimate was made the extent of the famine-stricken district has been gradually increasing, and a fuller investigation has de~ termined the presence of famine in interior localities where it was not supposed to ex- ist ; the estimate above given may therefore be considered as much below the reality, By the same authority the population direct- ly affected by the secca is estimated at 2,147,000â€"21. total whiJh would be consider- ably increased ii those places were included where the necessaries of life bring fimine prices, but where hunger, and thirst, and pestilence hwe not begun their deadly work, except among the destitute and diseased refugees who have fled thither for suceonr. O In the northeasternl art of Brazil compris- ing nearly the entire shoulder or triangular- i shaped territory projecting into the Atlantic, and extending irom Cape St. Roqne west- L ward along the coast neirly to Marahao, {southward nearly to Bahia, and southeast- ward into the intesior about nine hundred . miles, are situated the provinces of Plauliy, Genre, Rio Grande do Norte, Pari'a‘lylia, } l’ernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, mil part of ‘ the province of Bahia. This territory, ex- cepting those parts of Scrgipo, Alagoas, and v l’erisainhneo lying along the coast or within ieasy communication with the seaports of those provinces, and including ports of the interior provinces of Goyaz and Mines Geraes adjacent to this district, and of which very ‘ little is definitely known, has been the scene i of a. widespreal seem, or drouth, since the month of July, 1876, and of a most distress- ing famine since the mouth of chmbcr of the same year. Owing to the imperfect communication which this district has with the outer world, its limited commerce, and the rariLy with which it is visited by stren- gers, the extent and character of this famine are very imperfectly known outside of Bra- zil ; arideven here, in Rio Janeiro, there are but few who are able to grasp the great ca- lamity with all its attendant horrors and consequencea. The Horrors of Famine and Pestilence in Dom Pedro’s Empire ~Ghastly Scenes of Suffering and Death by Starvatlon, Yellow Fever, and Small-Pox-Cannl- ballsm Resorted to. THE BRAZILIAN SECCA. A TERRI BLE I’ICT U HE 1878. pe, un'l part of ; territory, ex- 0, Alagoas, and coast or within he seaports of At the present time, in the city of Forta- leza, there are fully seventy-live thousand refugees living in the open squares and fields under the caju trees, whose scanty foliage is all the protection they have against the rays of a tropical sun and the dews of night! here they sleep at night, often on the bare ground, without blankets and with scarcely clothing to cover their nakedness ; here the women give birth to children ; here the vic- tims of fever and small pox toss upon the hard-trodden earth ; here they die and await the tardy rites of burial. Distorted bodies, skeleton limbs, frenzied faces meet you everywhere. All sense of shame is lost; none but the basest of desires and passions remain. During the (lay and evening (les- perate lnen, desolate women, and wailing children move through the streets in one 11n- ending proces3i0n, and the air is filled with their piteous supplications. They throng about the supply stations and follow the rice and farinha-laden cars along the road, hoping to add something to the meagre rations al- lowed them, and all day long groups of naked children may be seen sifting the dirt of the streets through their fingers in search of stray grains of rice and farinha. In Ara- caty the number of refugees is nearly as lage as in the capital, and in the many vil- lages along the coast and throughout the interior, wherever a supply depot has been placed, tthe poor victims are herded togeth- er as in Fortaleza. In many cases lumber has been furnished them for barracks, but either through inability or indill'crence they have rarely availed themselves of this oppor- tunity for shelter; clothing, too, has been given them only to pass into the hands of traders who drive a flourishing business in buying of the populace and selling at a large advsnee to the government. There is no longer security either for property or life; justice is administered at the point of the bayonet; anarchy in its Worst form reigns supreme. \Vhat little spirit of industry and frugality these people may have once possessed has long since left them ; they have fed at the hands of private and ollieial charity, and there they are content to re- main. The great calamity which has filled their homes with disease and death, their powerlessness, and the inconsiderate charity which has kept them in idleness and de- pendence, have so corrupted their minds that they exhibit their sufferings as a spe- cies of martyrdom which henceforth entitles them to the ahns of the nation. Some of them have settled in other provinces in or- der that they may begin the world anew, but the great mass have so little spirit and am» bition remaining that they cannot be induced to leave their present surroundings for regu- lar employment and decent comfort else- where. “(inltermm food 111151 s eeulate upon the miseries of these peep e, m of wretches, including, even, as some cor- respondents aver, no small part of the sol- diery and police, who take advantage of the necessities and sufferings of helpless, unpro‘ tected women in order to gratify their brutal appetitesâ€"tor such as these there is not the shadow of justification. Dark as this picture may see, it is yet far short of the reality. It is useless to look to the national govern- ment for menus to change the state of afi'airs, for the emperor and his ministers, well- (lisposed as they certainly are, are utterly helpless. Time alone will bring the reme- dy. new 'rnr: REFUGEES LIVE AND DIE LIKE SWINE. Tales of cruelty sometl tales of that cold official charity th and de. grades the recipient, of outrages rpetratevl upon these unhappy wretches even by the persons sent thither to suceour and protect them, of the indifference, improvidence and lawlessness of the starving people themselves â€"anrl our sympathy is made bitter wlth in. dignation. Criminal though they may beâ€" and they are guilty of theft, highway, rob- bery, murderâ€"even the murder of little _ children for foodâ€"the pangs of hunger and 1 thirst, the ravages of diseases, and the lack: of everything that contributes to the simple wants and comforts of these unhappy Vpeoglfi,‘ well-fed)“ ‘ v~ " '~"- *1 \' " ‘ I “J v «- \ho vmt the et- txea theft With the lmgmfumglnud pungshl ment, and nnkU m. - ‘ I 7; arse jeitgo - tunes and deformmes at then}. .theAESfor' M )rotection, of the contrabtors WEB “dune” sgeculate uponflthg The Brazilian government has voted credits for the relief of these unfortunate pmplu to the extent of about $15,000,000, of which almnt $4,500,000 are to be expended in building railroads. In addition to this the sums resulting from private oilorts will amount to fully $5,000,000. The government In addition to the miseries of these peo- ple arising from their herding togetllerin the cities and villages with insuflieieut fond, c'othing, and shelter, they have been griev- eusly afflicted within the last seven or eight months with some (if the worst epidemics known. Aimast from the beginning yellow fever has been doing its (hmewerk in these provinem, while the .L “as fatal scourgcs â€"smali-pex, dysentery, and beri-beri 1:" u Brazil. During all this time the several famine-stricken provinces were doing every- thing that their diminished revenues would allow, and opened credits in behalf of their starving people whenever it was possible to raise money by such means. All this, how‘ ever, was inadequate. and the distress and mortality among the people steadily increas- ed day by day. \VllA’l l‘llE GOVERNMENT IS “01 hao, I’ernam 10m, thou V nazonas, their 113 he streets of Rio do 1: found in the interio they have been taken _ Q w oh‘ 0‘ 'ndas. Now and thclf‘lee newspapt ‘ accounts of their all ‘ngs, the d ? which are so sicke and s0 h( hat we spzak of 121 i bat‘ U , , Bahia. are fill one 12') Paras. IIEA RT LESS NESS : of cruelty sometl (1 official charity th LL» , , . DISEASE ADDED TI) FAMINE‘ 1m Wf-vâ€"vâ€"wv -~ visit the ct “ughmi punish; $33! ‘the misfor- A «man 3 Contractors w i?) leeulate upon the '. VVâ€"rawwwww '- Aspasm, Lais, and, later, Niuon de l’Enelos beautiful tetheend? Because they cared for and nursed their health, their intellect, and all the accessories masses: for beauty the benefit?! 50 gonllnaud. ‘ hey ignored Wanda, fm‘ gruesome, en, as some cor. , an a ‘B. and S.’at 3 o’clock in the part of the sol- advantage of the if helpless, unpro‘ ratify their brutal :e there is not the ark as this picture rt of the reality. national govern- he state of afiairs, : ministers, well- ' are, are utterly lbring the reme- E AND DIE LIKE ;he city of Forta- lty-live thousand squares and fields we scanty foliage have against the ;he dews of nightf lten on the bare and with scarcely morningâ€"~all meaning poverty of blood and nervous exhaustion. We should never have met them at St. Moritz.” This is one view of the matter, but it seems to me, Ella, tlnt if Aspasia & Co. never grew old it was not only because they had the sense to pre- serve their health, but because they had no heart. Beauty possessed of heart must suf- fer, no matter how sound the body, and suf- fering begets lines and gray hairs even in youth. The noblest beauty, after all, is that of expression; and what face can ex- press varying emotions that has felt none ? A summer resort is the very last place one seeks for intelligence, yet even here the most beautiful women are not the most at- tractive. The woman who looks equally well, morning, noon, and night; whose face never changes, whose brow is always serene, is simply a being whose blood never rises above 60 degrees Fahrenheit. She may be a beauty, but for all that she is a. monstrosity. As well have an iceberg for a mother, wife, sister, or friend. ‘ ,lbffi 2.‘ From London Trulh: On arriving at St. Moritz we were greatly puzzled by a. man whom everybody seemed to know, who 3 talked Italian like a Tuscan, French like a ‘ l’arisinn, and Irish like a cultivated Irish- man. First, we heard that the Spaniards claimed him for their own, but when we came to know him he turned out to be a na- tive of the Emerald Isle, the last male re- , presentative of one of its oldest families, a British diplomatist for the last twenty years, who has recently abandoned a career which he considers “ stale, flat, and unpro- litable,” virtue meeting with its own reward l in some diminutive court or South American republic. This perambulating polyglot is the mont tin-English British subject I ever encountered, and is decidedly the most agreeable man who buzzes at the wells. Today he gave us a seanee on beauty and its preservation. According to this Admir- al)le Crichton, when Italy sends forth beauty .she always gains the palm among nations, perhaps because the constant view of per- fect form and colour which greets the eye there has a direct or indirect influence on procreation ; but certain it is that when an Italian is really beautiful the chiselling of the features and the harmony and the en- semble is greater than in any other race. When the Countess Castiglione visited England twenty years ago, Lord Palmerston gave a memorable dinner, to which he in- vited nine of England’s greatest beauties to meet that of the Castiglione. They were all assembled when she entered, crushing and overwhelming as the statue of Venus Ana- dyomene among thoseof lesser divinities, and all the criticisms on her eoifl'ure, toilet, haughty, imperious air, were set at naught ‘ by the fact that every line was perfect. I can quite believe the statement, for a friend of ours in Paris owns an undraped statue for which the Countess Castiglinne is said to have osed,land itis beautiful. Our Ad- mirab e Crichton wonders that beauty should long he able toendnre ,the corrosive effects A LONDON publisher spent $12,500 in ad- vertisinga new magazine before the first number was printed, of which 100,000 co- pies wcre consequently sold. y “ SPELL iove,’ said a young man to his girl one night. “ Y-o-u,” she timidly essay- ed. The courtship had been a. protracted one, but they are married now. VVlIY is a. muff like a fool? Because it holds a ladny hand without; squeezing it. THE pm‘agraphists have discovered the best method of heating a street-car. " Car- ry a woman half a block further than she wants to go. It will be hot enough." Eve were disorderly after they left Eden Because they raised Cain. LIZARDS are very useful for the destrucâ€" tion of vermin in the tropics, and when a houae in Manila is hired an agreement is al- ways made that the proprietor shall stock it with lizards, if not already stocked. In some houses, lizards will remain, much to the an- noyance of the tenants. SOME wretch has the audacity to remark that the ladies deck their hats with flow- ers in memory of the men who have been killed by milliners’ bills. DURING the recent autumn manoeuvres in the neighbourhood of Hainiehen, a small town some thirty miles from Dresden, cer- tain cavalry officers of Hanoverian origin, in the Saxon army, charged the officers of an- other regimenf, and the men under their command following the example of their su- periors, a general melee ensued. The Han- overinn oilieers, and their brother officers in the Saxon army, who sympathize with them, are on very bad terms with their com- rades who profess an admiration for Prus- sir and Imperial institutions generally. Several companies of fusiliers also fired up- on the men of other companies and the re- sult of the hostilities which thus broke out was that three ofiieers were killed and eight seriously wounded, while four nonâ€"commis- sioned officers and men were also killed and twentyâ€"four wounded. Acourt of in- quin has been ordered to investigate and report on the disturbances, but its proceed- ings are kept secret, and the press is Strletly forbidden to make any mention of the afl'air. NEARLY all the needles made in Great Britain come from Redditch, in Worces- tershirc, OUR boy, Marcus Aurelius, could not see any thing good in that conundrum. Mar cus is young. This one pleased him much better: How is it known that Adam and .wwuâ€"uuâ€"n has entered into a contract with a prominent merchant of this city to furnish the supplies needed on its behalfâ€"a measure that blocks out much official corruption and insures a ? speedier relief than could be obtained throu h the cnmbrous machinery of the public @- partments. Shiploads of provisions are con- Istantly shipped to the various ports of the ‘ north,and shiploads of refugees are constant- ly transported to other parts of the empire- The Journal do Commercio of April 28 esti- r mated that in Ceara alone it was costin the government $750, 000 per month to fee the refugees and give the scanty shelter afforded in some instances. And yet, even to-day, there is no abatement in the mortality, no cessation in the cry for succour. A series of letters from C.a.ra, now publishing, gives frightful pictures of the misfortunes, treat- ment, and crimes of the poor wretches living 5 under the caju trees. All through the ‘ weary months of the present dry sesaon these seems of suffering will continue, and the i work of charity must go on ; and even should the coming January brin its rains, the dis- iersion of the people, is leir enfeehled con- tdition, their recently acquired vices, their i lack of food, stock, seed, and tools, will make the renewal of production a thing of great ! difficulty. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. An Authority on Beauty. WHOLE NO. 1060. .W- Being so great W“,th W9”