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‘0 mango“; the Manchester Qoqrier. SIR. Tb a large school of political econo- mists in this country the worship of free jrade is what the worship of Brahma is to the priestly caste of India-23, matter for devout contemplation only, far too sacred for dis- cussion. Its votlries are the blindest of wor- shippers; they will not admit the possibility of there being the slightest defect in their deity ; to them, even in a mutilated form, it represents the beauty of commercial holiness, and any one who questions it is at once ostracised as (politically) unclean. But this is nonsense. There is nothing sacred in free trade; it is a simple question of political economy, that has been discussed in other countries besides England, and by wiser statesmen than Messrs. Gobden and Bright, and has been dismissed as belonging to "the puerile doctrinee and illusions of mankim ” (M. Thiers). Just now, certainly, the pros- pects of free trade are anything but rosy. Germany Will have none of it; France seems inclined to banish it with the Jesuits ; Hel- land, Russia, Italy. Spain and America have not been tempted even to test its virtues. It seems more than probable that in 1880 England will be the only country in which a rag of it will remain, and indeed the Jeremiads of the very apostles themselves of free trade in this coun- try are not very encouraging to \veak-kneed disciples. Mr.‘Bright and Mr. Gladstone tell us that the hand-writing is already on the wall that proclaims that our manufacturing kingdom has been taken from us and given to another, that protective America is beating free trade England 'in a 'cante‘r'; and Mr. Forster, at Bradford, entreated his hearers not to say anything that might induce for- eigners to suspect our faith in free-trade was shaken. But foreigners do not wait for our expression of opinion ; they form their own opinions from their own observation. When they see industries springing into vigorous life under protection in France, Germany, Belgium and- America, and the same indus tries dying out under free-trade in England ; when they see the permanent antagonism that has sprung up between capital and labor, the employers and employed. the Want of sympathyâ€"even antagonismâ€"between consumers and producers, and the general depreciation in the quantity of English work and English goods; they do not look much further for arguments against free-trade. “ After all,” they say, “ the proof of the pudding is in the eating, and if this is the re- sult of 20 years of what is called freeâ€"trade, perhaps we are just as well without it. It is not so evident after all that England is right and all the rest of the world wrong.” Owing to the Franco-German war, the manufacturing industries of France and Germany were for several years nearly para lysed; they could barely supply their own wants ; they had no surplus to send abroad. English operatives and manufacturers then had what our American cousins call a “lovely time ;" they supplied their own markets. and most of the neutral markets of the world. Trade advanced by bounds and leaps ; there was no end to the inflation. “ Look at the result of a free trade policy,” cried our free traders, when it ,was in reality the result of the war. The working man was then king ; nothing was too good for him ; he was the hero of the hour; everybody was trying to make capital out of him ; it was touching to see the solicitude with which he was sur- roundedâ€"nine hours’ work and 95. a day was then the cry. Statesmen, philanthropists, philosophers. trades unions, vied with each other in urging him not to work too long, or to work too hard. Recreation and self-cul- ture was to take the place of labor and fatigue. Now this is all changed; the working man is no longer the hero of the hour, but its the noir. He is rated on all sides. Those who‘ flattered him most in his prosperity, 1 now find most fault with him in ‘ his adversity. On him is visited much of the present commercial depression.1 He is told that it is his want of thrift and sobriety, his indolence and extravagance, that have driven the trade out of the country. High wages and short hours are no longer for,him‘; he must'work longer hours and for lower wages. The cry is, “ Get you unto your burdens; ye are idle, ye are idle.” But this is not altogether fair on the working. man. It is not he that has changed his na- ture, but his flatterers their theory. The fact is that when England was made a free port, the friends and advisers of the working classes cruelly deceived them. They never explained to them the results that must in- evitably follow that policy. They tempted them with the big loaf; they told them that the big loaf meant cheap food ; but they did not tell them the price they would have to ay for it; they did not tell them that the ig loaf meant increased and increasing comâ€" petition with the cheapest labor and cheapest The battle of freeâ€"trade in this country has been a ridiculous contest between consumer and producer, and it has been the object of its advocates to show that these classes have antagonistic interests, that what is good for one is bad for the other, and vice versa. As well talk of the antagonism of stomach and mouth. Producers and consumers are in the same boat ; they must pull together ; assist each other ; give and take, or they will come to grief. It is our national boast that England is one huge workshop ; that her industrial centres are “teeming hives of industry." "Nowhere,”says Professor Leoni Levi, “are such masses of laboring population to be found as in the manufacturing districts of England.” It is calculated that over 13, 000.000 are engaged in, or depending on, manufacturing and similar industries. These industrial masses produce twice the quantity of manufactured goods the country can con- sume ; they are dependent for the sale of half their production on foreign markets ; but they are excluded from the markets of Europe and America by tarifi's that are actually pro- hibitory, and they are now being rapidly edged out of their home market. “We must live,” say these 13,000,000 producers.“Beall y, we don’t see the necessity,” reply the consum- ers. "We can ‘ buy .all we want from the foreigners. we have no more interest in you than we have in French, Belgian or Ameri- can operatives. We buy in the cheapest market. Is it likely we should tax arm-selves for your benefit?” But this is cosmopoli- tanium run wild. Already we do tax ourselves to support those who cannot, or will not, find employment. It would be awkward if this number was trebled or quadrupled, by the loss of employment amongst our industrial millions ; and yet, if foreign nations will not buy our goods, and our home market is, even partially, taken from us, what is to prevent it ? Everything, the very existence of society depends on gen- eral employment. In an over populous country like England, general employment is of far greater importance than cheap food ; the cheapest food will be dear if there are no earnings wherewith to purchase it, and this is rapidly becoming the case now. Never was food so cheap, so plentiful : but never, in the industrial centres, was employment so scarce; never Were so many without the means to purchase food at all. Week by week indus- trial establishments are closing. It is even now not so much a. question of lower wages as of no wages at all. The cure for this state of things. we are told, is to be sought in lower wages, longer hours of work, in sobriety, in thrift, in edu- cation..in intelligence at home. It is to be sought; in fact, in the development of quali ties that are of slow growth, that the Britleh operative class possess in a much less degree than their foreign competitors, and which they cannot acquire under two or three gen- erations. Of course, qualities, indispensible possibly to success. But, grant the highest develoyment of them â€"gmn* that by a stroke of a magician’s wand the British operative becomes as sober even as Sir Wilfred Lawson himself can desire, as intelligent as Bishop Colenso’s pet Zulu ; that he works for China. men’s wages, and fer 106 hours a week like a London ’bus driver ; grant all this, proâ€" hibitory tariffs will still keep him out of the markets of Europe and America. It is rather amusing to contrast the public esti. mation of the British operative to-day with what it was a few years ago. FREE TRADE. " goods in the world; that, in fact. it meant pyerjaam. gag 10133134119138.“ work.. .But uch every thoughtful man knewmust be the result of inviting the compenitiofi of the world to the free p0};t.1)f_Eng13nd= 3-f- â€"Lawyers are never more earnest than when they work with a, willâ€"that 'is, if the estate is valuable. The operativei‘class are learn‘igig this now for themselves,‘&nd no wonder ’11" 1mm, conâ€" fused and indistinct as yet, of “ Save me from my friends.” is already heard from the teeming hives of industry. ‘ â€"The wife of farmer Henderson, of Pongh keepsie. took the bull by the horns on Tues- ‘day. Her son had been attacked in the barnyard and thrown high in the air. Down came the lad on the roof of the shed. and as he was sliding down toward the yard whore ‘the hull was waiting for him his father :11). poured upon the seene with a pitchfmk. He undertook to drive the infuriated animal into the stable and was himself cornered. At this moment Mrs. Henderson having heard the alarm, entered the yard, and seizing a. four-fined pitchfork, charged the hull with such impetnosity that he beat a hasty retreat. In all their dealing with theiruqlients, the friends of the "working classes "have avoided explaining to them the nature of the com- petition that must be forced on them by free trade. It has always been the play of Ham- IV! with the principal character omitted. They told them of the big loaf. of nine hours’ work, and nine shillings a day, but they enâ€" entirely omitted all mention of the thrifty, sober, hard-working, etiucuted operative class of France, Belgium, Germany and America, ready to work for threepence an hour less and three hours a. day more, who were only 'waiting for capital and English machinery to \attack them in all their strongholds, and to drive down wages and lengthen hours to the hardest continental level. Manufacturing and similar industries are depressed all over the world, and we are told other nations are sufiering as much if not more than England ; but those who say so do not count noses. Take France. for in stance. Out of a population of 36,000,000 no less than 19,000,000 are dependant on agricultural pursuits, whilst 9,000,000 only are dependant on manufacturing and similar industries. In England these proportions are nearly reversed, while in Germany, Austria, and America the majority engaged in agricultural pursuits is still greater. The suffering and loss of capital caused by the present general depression 01 manufacturing and similar industries is twice as great in England as in any other country in the world, because the capital employed in those industries is twice as great, and the proportion of the population depending on them twice as numerous. It is calculated that the agricultural workers of England produce only half the quantity of food the country requires, whilst the industrial workers pro- duce twice the quantity of manufactured goods the country can consume. Hence arisesadouble necessity :â€"1, to open our markets duty free to the surplus food supply of foreign nations ; 2. to open foreign markets duty free to the surplus produce of our in- dustrial workers. But there is a third necessityâ€"to open our markets duty free to all raw material that are necessary for our manufacturing and productive industries. An lmpairmentof the Muscular Activlly oflhe llcarl. Cassell’s Household Gm‘de says :â€"Faint- ness consists in a temporary failure of the activity of the heart ; the blood, in conse- quence, is not properly circulated. It does not reach the head, and the patient loses clearness of vision and color, and, if not pre- vented, falls on the floor, where. however, or even before reaching it, he recovers. There is no convulsion, and, though he can scarcely be said to be conscious, he is not profoundly unconscious,so as not to be able to be aroused as happens in epilipsy. There are alldegrees of faintness, merely feeling faint and looking slightly pale, to the state we have described ; and in some cases the state of fainting is hardly recovered from well before it recurs again and again, for hours and days together. W's need hardly say that such cases as the latter are altosether beyond the reach of domestic medicine. What are the causes of faintness. It is not difficult to des- cribe these. Some people are so very easily affected that they faint if they cut their fin< ger, or even if they only see the cut finger of another person. All one can say of such persons is that their muscular fibre is not istrong..and that their nerves are sensitive. The heart, which goes on for years circulat- ,ing the blood. is essentially a muscle. It is \veak in some people. stronger in others. As 3 a. rule, it is weaker in women and stronger in ‘ men. Hence Women faint more rapidly than men. Whatever weakens the'heart and the muscles generally acts as the cause of faintness. Close, foul air is a common cause of faintness or of languidness. Anyt ring which greatly affects the nervous system, such as bad news or the sight of something horrible or disagreeable, will sometimes cause fainting. But of all causes of faintness, none is so serious as the loss of blood. The mus- cles, in order to act well, must be supplied with blood ; and if the blood of the body is lostâ€"if it escapes, either from a vein opened purposely. or from piles, or from the source from which menstruation proceedsâ€"in ex- cessive quantity, then faiutness will happen. The degree of it will depvnd on the constitu- tion, and on the amount of blood lost. A loss of blood Iliat would scarcely be felt by one person will be a serious cause of faintuess to another. Sometimes frequent faintness arises from becoming very'fiit; 'the muscular system of the heart being impaired by fatty deposit. Every year our population increases ; every year our industrial production increases ; every year extending markets for our surplus production become more and more necessary; but every year we find the markets of Europe and America. more tightly closed against us by prohibitory tariffs, while" every year our home market is more successfully attacked by foreign producers. We are assured that good times will return again, and let us hope they will ; but they will not bring with them admission of British goods into foreign ports. Enthusiastic free traders, absorbed in the worship of their fetish. smile at these things. They are not alarmed at the value of our ex- ports falling off £65,000.000 in five years ; at the balance of trade against us having in- creased from $60,000,000 to $142,000,000 in the same period; at our imports doubling our exports ; at our manufactured goods being prohibited in foreign markets ; at pro- ductive industries perishing under free trade and springing into vigorous life under pro- tection, etc. To them all this is quite natu- ral and much to be desired. They apply to British industries the Darwinian theory of natural selectionâ€"only the most fitting will be preserved. So long as we can produce anything cheaper than the rest of the world, so long as we shall continue to pro‘ duce it. and no longer. But carry the prin- ciple to its limit. Suppose there is not a single manufactured article that cannot be produced cheaper in some foreign country than in England, and with the spread of capital and machinery amongst the thrifty and inventive workers of the world this is not impossible. how are we to find work for our industrial millions. Foreigners look on in gratified dismay. They see that ten years of general peace when all the industrial population of Europe and America could devote themselves to labor, would, under the present conditions of free trade on our part, and prohibition on theirs. extinguish absolutely and entirely tbs manufacturing existence of England. They Can scarcely credit their senses ; they cannot believe it possible that the English people. with their hard heads and common sense, will allow a school of doctrinaires to force their theory to the bitter end. and bring ruin on the industrial millions of the country. Yours, etc., EDWARD SULLIVAN. 'Widnes, Lancasllire, March 7. FAINTNESS AND ITS CAUSES â€"â€"In Leipsic 14 out of every 1.000 dwelling. places are m cellars, and 104 higher than the third story. In Berlin the corresponding numbers are 108 and 83 ; in Hamburg,58 and 38; in Dresden, 38 and 183; while Pesth, ~The Standard has concluded an arrange- ment “inh the post office authorities for a special wire to Paris during three hours a day. The price of this concession is £2,000 a year. This proves two thingsâ€"first, the enterprise of the proprietors of this able jour- nal; and secondly, the financial success ,of the journal itself. â€"A good many lovers are Jitfl‘iicted with newmomia. 4., â€"German Postmasters have tin indvx ex- purgatorz' us supplied them of qugn and forty domestic Socialist papers. -â€"Mr. Spurgeon, whose congregation has sent him for three months to Mentone, is “restored to health and spirits, but still very weak." â€"President Lincoln once listened patiently while a friend read a long manuscript to him, and then asked: “ What do you think of it? How will it take ?” The President reflected alittle while and then answered: “Well. for people who like that kind of thing. I think that is just about the kind of thing they‘d like.” â€"â€"A German physician sayE’. that thirst arises from the loss of liquid in 'food which 5 cooked. ’ â€"â€"-The net profité divided by the eight partners in Bass & Co.’s brewery, at Burton- on-Trent. England, last year amounted to $2,100,000. ' â€"Milanese ladies are to present a. gold medal to Queen Margaret in compliment to her presence of mind on Passanante‘s atta’ék" On King Humbert. ‘ â€"-‘\Ir. (‘m-lyle’s house in Chelsea will by mud by become the scene of a honeymoon. Miss Mary Carlyle Aitken, the daughter of his sister, a young lady who has long been the old philosopher’s care-taker, is to be mar- ried to her cousin the son of his brother. The young couple will thereafter live with â€"Berlin is experimenting with electric lights for the illumination of streets and fee- tories. In respect to this matter of lighting there is more enterprise shown in Germany than there was with regard to street railroads, which were not introduced there until long after every one-horse city here could boast of them. their runclé. â€"â€"Mrs. Hoyt, wife of the convicted Bridge- port fratricide. says that he Wanted her to sit at his side at the trial and pretend to Weep, so as to affect the jury. ~A monk named Semfino, at Alcamo. in Italy, who made a. trade of predicting Winning lottery numbers, has been murdered by two disappointed clients. â€"'l‘he Czar and Empress of Russia. will leave St. Petersburgforche Crimea about the middle of April. The Emperor’s state of health, it is announced, renders the change desirable. â€"Mr. Finney, a London dentist, claims to have found a. filled tooth in the jaw of an Egyptian mummy. Dentistry was further advanced 4,000 years ago in Egypt than is supposed. â€"The King of the Belgians has purchased a very fine property at Forest-Nicle, situated near Brussels. to serve as a. residence for the Empress Charlotte. â€"â€"Cornl§and diamonds are now all the fashion in Vienna since the Empress appear- ed at the Industriellen ball with this combi- nation for the first time. â€"-A German dealer in bird trimmings for ladies’ hats Las just received a consignment of 30,000 dead humming birds, 80,00000rpses of aquatic birds, and 800,000 pairs of wings. LFrederick.Helbig, blind and disconsolate, broke off a'. gas-pipe in a. Zanesville celler,cov- ered the open end and his head with a thick bed quilt, and quietly smothered himself with the gas: ~3udge Schafer of Lucerne, in Switzer- land, has just been condemned by the court of which be was formerly a member to four years’ imprisonment for embezzlement of public money. â€"Referring to the rumor that Prince Leo- pold, Victoria’s youngest son, entertains the desire of taking holy orders, a correspondent notes the curious fact that hitherto no legi- timate son of an English monarch has en- tered the ecclesiastical profession, Or even been suspected of an inclination therefor. â€"In London a fashionable societyot young men, called “The Crutch and Toothpick Club," has been formed. The “crutch " is the new kind of walking-stick aflected by the “ golden youth ” of the West End; the toothpick is their symbol of pleasure. They have just given a. private ball. It was a. great success. ~Nearly 2.000.000 cattle, mostly young. will be driven from Texas north before the hot weather of August hegins. The number of cattle in a. “ drive" is generally 3,000. though it is sometimes much larger. â€"Baxter Springs was the centre of the Kansas cattle trade ten years ago, and $250.- 000 was borrowed on bonds for public works. Afterwards the place lost most of its business and population. and has just bought in the bonds for 815,000. -TL6 ages of the French Ministers are as follows :â€"»General Gresley, sixty-four; Ad- miral Jaureguiberry, sixty-three; M. Leroyer, sixty-two; M. Lepere, fifty-five ; M. Waddington, , fifty-two; M. Say, fifty-two; M. de Freycinet, fifty; M. de Marcere, forny- nine, and M. Ferry, fortyâ€"six. ~ â€"-At a. recent ball in Tuscan. the capital of Arizona, fifty-two men wore swallow-tail coats, and most of the women were fashion- ably dressed. “How Is that for a border town ‘2” asks a correspondent. â€"â€"“. Strawberries are plentiful at fifteen cents per quart, the air is fragrant with flowers. uni the mocking birds fill the air wiah music.” Such was the condition of things at Passndena, 03.1., a fortnight ago. â€"â€"At Mayence lately a family va-ult was broken into the night after the dogs at the nearest house had been‘ pmsoned. An or- nament of brilliants buried 20 years ago with a, bride Was the bait. The thieves were dis. turbed, and didn’t get the plunder. â€"-The shoeblack Brigade of Liverpool has taken to gambling. Three hundred packs of cards have been abstracted by their superin- tendent from these juvenile tempters of For- tune during the last year. The amount of money laid in bets, says the superintendent, is “ enormous.” ' â€"Don Carlos, recently made a. pilgrimage to the Uonclergerie. to the dungeon where Maxie Antoinette was confined, and revegent- 1y pressed his lips to the crucifix which re- ceived the last kiss of the helpless Queen. â€"Of 23,612 clergyman belonging to the Church of England, 8,615 were graduated at the University of Cambridge, 7,682 at Oxferd. 1,761 at Dublin, 655 at Durham. 175 at the University of London, and 1,646 are enrolled as non-graduates. â€"â€"Rebecca at the we_ll wore a nose-ringâ€" not earings. “I put the ring upon her nose and bracelets on her band's" the Hebrew reads though the Septuagint and the Vulgate have an incorrect rendering, which is followed by the Authorized Version. It IS rumored that Dr. Newman will go to Rome in the middle of Lent to assume the high dignity to which he has been appointed by Leo XIII. There will then be a. tiad of English cardinals in the Holy Cityâ€"namely, Manning, Howard and Newman. â€"The Pope has sanctioned preliminary steps for the beatification of several French miSsionaries, a- mandarin, and twenty-five other natives who were martyrs to Christi- unity in China. and Cochin China. between 1820 and 1860. -A pig upon the farm of Mrs. Tuthill, near Howells. Conn., which has been allowed to run in a field with cows. has been dis- covered drawing milk from them. The short supply of milk given by some of the cattle was thus accounted for. WORLD WIDE ITEMS. notwithstanding its almost annual ihundafigii, has 103 «gunmen it’s 'cellti'r's'. afid’! 'bnly‘ of every 1,000 above the third story. " â€"â€"â€"The doctrine of personal holiness. or 9);. tire freedom from sin. seems to be gaininfi ground in the Methodist Church. 'In the Kentucky conference, a few days ago, the ven- erable Bishop Scott said: “For fifty-fouryears gage been 32. foupwer of Christ, an'dwfor over fif y years a. professor of holiness. I have not Only professed it, but have enjoyed it." English ladies are just beginning to adopt the fashion that has been in vogue in Paris for some time, of wearing short skirts for ball-room toilets. Now that quedrilles, and in fact 9.11 square dances, are voted “ slow” and tabooed, nothing is thought of but the valse. for which the long-trained dresses are found lextremely inconvenient. both to the wearer and the partners, especially the latter, who occasionally find themselves more inextric- ably attached to a. lady than is at all consis- tent wlth the truis temps. To avoid these difficulties, many Indies have a cord from the end of the train, and a loop through which the gentleman's arm goes, and by which he holds up this troublesome appendage, but ‘ this at best is & clumsy expedient, and not elegant, to any the least, while a short cos- tume,just showing a pretty foot beneath, isl both becoming and infinitely more conven- ient. Can the hesitation of our fair friends about adopting this fashion be caused by the non-existence of the pretty foot. -â€"At the tint public reception given by the new President of the French republic, his daughter, Mlle. Gravy, was an object of special notice. She is a. burnette with rich black hair, tall but slight in figure, and quite good looking. She has been in the habit of devoting three months every year to fox and boar hunting. Sheis a linguist, a. fine ama- teur musician and painter, and gives much of her time to self-improvement. Her chamber is carpeted with the skins of lions, tiger-s,and foxes, and on the walls are 001- lections of urine, medals, engravings, casesof brilliant insects, and other objects of fancy. â€"â€"Mr. Hepworth Dixon in his recently pub- lished work on Cyprus grows enthusiastic over the fertility and productiveness of the is- land. He extnls in particular the quality of its Wines. and asserts that those made in the vineyards around Limasol are sold in London as superior Chambertin or Hermitage. Under the British protectorate the yield of wine is rapidly incrersing. â€"A kind of traffic in children has been carried on in the Russian province of Pskov, under the stress of hard times. A canvasser will go among the poor peasants and induce them, by offers of small sums of money, to surrender their boys. between 7 and 12 years of age, to be put in apprenticeship for three or five years. He takes them to St. Peters- burg. where he furnishes supplies of them to the factories, receiving from ten to fifteen roubles for each boy. There are women who scour the province for girls, from 7 to 14 years old, and these also are taken to St. Petershurg, to be hired out. â€"A few years ago, and for 3113111: we know to-day, a placard in the bedrooms of a large hotel at Prague stated that “Guests are re- quested to communicate to the landlord all complaints arising on their sides." At Pesth to-day a placard in a much-frequented inn announces: “Gentlemen are requested not to flatter female servants on the stairs, as many dishes have thus been broken." â€"The Boston Transcript has said some- thing of value to newspaper contributors. Read it and mark it 2 “If contributors would fold manuscripts, and neverâ€"no, neverâ€"roll them. one fruitful cause of early death among editors, printers and proof-readers would be removed. The manuscript that bring joy to the sanctum is that which is written on half sheets of note paper, sent list, in an envelope of suitable size. â€"Dr. Jamieson, the Scottish lexicographer. was vain of his literary reputation, and, like many others who know not where their great strength lies. thought himself gifted with a kind of intellectual ability to do everything. The Doctor published a. poem entitled-1‘ Eter- nity." This-poem become the subject of con- versational remarks soon after publication at a. party at which the Doctor was piesent, and a lady was asked her opinion of it. “ It’s a bonny poem,” said she, “ and it’s weel named ‘ Etei'nizy.’ for it will ne’er be read in Time.” â€"Lord Chelmsford has said he had no idea. what a difficult country Zululand Was till he got into it. It looks, indeed, like a miniature Afghanistan. All along the west side of the narrow Amatonga plain rises a. steep ridge of mountain of from 5,000 to 7,000 feet, sinking gradually in the west to a rough and broken table land of about 2,000 feet, which is again bounded toward Transvaal by another range of from 5,000 to 7,000 feet. â€"There may be seen in the window of a Well known Paris jeweller. Whose establish- ment is situated on the Boulevard de 18. Mad- eleine, a. beautiful parasol, which was finished too late to be shown at the late Exhibition. This objct d’art has a. blue silk ground cover- ed with the richest lace. The hanale and stick are black, studded with splendid bril- liauts,and the elastic ring which serves for keeping the bnrasol closed is composed en- tirely of brilliants. The pnce is 25,000f., or just 35,000. â€"-A writer in Truth admits that the Americans display gallantry towards the fair sex, assigning for it, however, the following reason that ~‘ at an early period of their his- tory they were drilled by the scarcity of wo- men into a. profound respect for them which stands to them in lieu of polished manners.” â€"â€"In our labors we are apt to be immoder- ate. We work too ferociously in nearly every- thing we undertake. and live in hopes of on joying repose at some future day; but if total repose were desirable or attainable in this world of unrest, where employment seems to be the condition of content, the capacity of enjoyment is gone when the overworked toilâ€" er reaches the limit he has set to labor. The remainder of his existence must be devoted to patching up his invalid frame. Let us be moderate in our labors as in our pleasures, since to make haste slowly is the true way of accomplishing a long, successful and prosper- ous journey. â€"The disinfection of letters containing paper money during the height of the Russian plague panic was effected on the Prussian border by exposing them for six hours in n peculiarly constructed closed vessel to the fumes of sulphuric acid. It was _not con- sidered necessary to open or puncture the letters, since it was proved by experiment that the vapor of the acid penetrates the pores of paper, however firmly made. In thelebor- utory of the Berlin Board of Health. blue lit- mus paper, enclosed in four thicknesses of paper. and in several envelopes tightly com- pressed, was intensely reddened by being sub- jected to the fumes of this acid. â€"Lish Applegate’s experience in breaking a steer, in the early days of Oregon : Lish was yoked up with the steer, and the steer ran off. With his legs flying behind him like drum-sticks, Lish kept up with the steer as the pair of them broke down the lane at a a tearing rate. Meeting a. friend, Lish sung out to him: “Stop us! stop us! we are running away!” They were stopped and the boys began to unyoke Lish, when he turned around, panting, and imploringly said: "Unyoke the other ox first; I'll stand."â€"Astoriau. â€" Queen Victoria is reported to have taken leave of the Prince Imperial with almost maternal solicitude. When he appeared she reCeived him with touchmg kindness, thank- ing him in D. tremulous voice for his interest in England and its army. During the inter- view the Prince sat upon the sofa, to which the Queen had drawn him. and as he was leaving the room she took from her own finger a ring which she placed upon his, bid- ding him wear it as a. mark of her grateful regard. The Prince is said to have been visibly affected by this kindness. SIIOBT DRESSES IN ENG-LAN!) From London Truth. â€"The daintiest and most spiritualle lady at a tea-party will sit on the hind legs of her chair and eat pickles when at home. Ask all the good loolnng young married women whom you can scrape acquaintance with to your house. Get six of them to din- ner on one evening. Let 11:1 111 be dussed in the height of the mode, which is rather low. Ask a, few of your male friends (all of the best (on. be it well understood) to drop in after dinner. They will drop in fast enough. The word will soon reach far and wide that your parties are the best in London, and half the aristocracy will be begging for your invi- tations. There are about half a dozen beauties now in London already to begin the seasonâ€"mar- ried beauties, mind you, for bread-and-butter misses are no longer in fashion. The pretty married women are ever so much more piquant. The knowing people who want to form a set of acquaintance in the exclusive circle get these pretty ladies to their houses and all the men soon follow. Of course stories get aboutâ€"how can one help that ? People will talk, and a page of your paper would not contain all the scandalous tittle- tattle that goes from one house to another. A pretty-woman mania in a community is sure to be attended with disadvantages of that klnd. But who cares? Not the pretty women apparently. Not their husbands. The key- note of the season has been struck, and it is a. popular one. A good friend of mine declared the other night that he did not believe the state of mor- els in fashionable life wag ever so low as it is to-day. We have now entered' upon the “ pretty woman” era, money itself being less sought after than beauty. If a man chances tohave a pretty wife, all doors are open to himâ€"he can go anywhere. although. to be sure, he does not count for much when he does go. AN ACCEPTED RIVAL. Recently a young man pecmne enamored of the young girl’s charms, and she reciprocated. This change of situation greatly annoyed Gay- mau, who began drinking to excess, and made every possible efiort to get her back to his house, where he could exercise a personal supervision over her movements. She declined his proposition because she loved another bet- ter, and because she had secured ' a place which was more congenial to her. Yesterday he called at the house of a friend and inquired for Miss Douglass. and, being told that she had gone out with Florence Bickel, he started in pursuit of her. He first passed the lover, and a short distance ahead observed the two girls. Miss Douglass saw him approaching. and endeavored to conceal her face. in the hope that he would not recognize her. He passed the women, but soon after retraoed his steps, and joined them, asking Miss Douglass if he could have the privilege of ac- companying her along the street. She re- plied that he was “his own master,” and he walked with the girls a short distance, when he remarked that he had just seen her beau, and that if the young man discovered him he would no doubt blow his head ofl. MURDER AND surcmn. He then stopped in front of Miss Douglass, and, without a moment’s warning, drew a large navy revolver from his pocket and fired, the ball penetrating her left breast. He dis- charged another chamber, but missing his ob, ject. and as the wounded woman reeled ht placed the revolver against her right breas and fired again, killing her instantly and driving the powder into the wound. Gayman in a twinkling placed the revolver to his breast and shot himself through the heart, falling by the side of the murdered girl and expiring instantly. Miss Bickel, who was with Miss Douglass, was so startled by the report of the first shot that she was almost unable to move, but on hearing the second shot and feeling her companions arm slipping from her, she ran away and gave the alarm, but not in time to prevent the mur- derer from firing again. The persons who first reached the scene of tragedy were hor- rified at seeing the dead bodies of the men and woman lying on the sidewalk in a pool of blood. That people are astonished in successive} centuries by the same things is almost as olda reflection as that history repeats it- self. Just now, while the defeat and s- sacre at Isandula are in everyb‘b mouth, fie military mind is sorely exercised at the failure of the bayonet against a charge of savages armed with the short stabbing asse- gai and a light shield. The simple explana- tion is, of course, that without ammunition, breastworks, or very favorable position, it is impossible to fight against odds of forty to one ; but the minor incidents of the combat at Isandula are none the less interesting. It is suggested by those to whom the bayonet is an article of English faith that by the time the brave 24th had fired away their Em- munition, their rifles must” have been too hot, to hold in an effective position. This is doubtless true. but Isandula is not the first place in which the bayonet has gone down before the shield. In the first Ashantee war Sir Charles Macartney and several hundred officers and men were completely destroyed by the enemy, and the disaster provoked numerous suggestions as to the improvement of arme blanche for close quarters. Arms of precision have of late years put the bayonet very much out of court. The terrific fire of a modern battle field makes the actual crossing of bayonets an event of rare occurrence, and the most English of all weapons has, per- haps, been too {much neglected. Exper- ience, however, has proved not only at Isan- dale. and in Ashantee that the lance and sword and shield have the better of the bayonet if the men behind them are equally courageous. A demonstration of this fact took place at the battle of Killiecrankie. All England stared at the notion that the Guards could not withstand the charge of Dundee’e Highlanders, yet the explanation is simple enough. The line of the Guards was broken by the inequalities of the ground in the gorge of the Garry, and the teeble musketry of that day completely failed to stop the rush of the "fierce barbarians from the hills,” who came down like an avalanche. The line being broken, the battle resolved itself into a series of duels. As the Highlanders came on with target and claymore, the Guards tried to stop them with the bayonet, but the clansmen caught the point of that weapon in their tar- gets, cast the whole aside, and cut down the men with their claymores. This seems, with the difference of claymore and assegai, to be the Zulu method of fighting. The bayonet, in fact, is not sword and shield. It is a con- venient half-pikeâ€"nothing more nor lessâ€" and is just a match, perhaps,in skilful hands, for a sword, but not for sword and buckler, or lance and shieldâ€"Iron. Go a littlQ farther north than the Isthmus of Darien 3% the lake of Nicaragua, says M. Blanchet, a I you voidfiqu' tile" The climate‘ is gh‘od‘nlifie country comparatively well peopled. There is abundance of water in fine natural channels ready _to your hand You have only to connect the lake with the Pacific by one short cutting and to improve the communication between the Riv er San Juan and the Atlantic. This plan hears soml general resemblance to the American plan of Lull and Menocal, though it still differs from both in principle and details. M. Blanchel proposes to start from the Pacific at Port Brito ; then alter reaching the lake show right across for the San Juan River, follou the river for nearly its entire course and reach the Atlantic by a short cutting to San Juan del Norte. Port Brito and San Juan del Norte would therefore form the extremities of the canal. Lull and Mcnocal propose pretty much the same course, but where M. Blanchet differs from them and from all other projectors who have suggested this route is in his proposal to prolong the lake to the ad jacent valleys on either side, and thus extend the area of lake communication between ocean and oceanâ€"to do in fact what De Lesseps did at-Suez with Timsah and the Bitter Lakes. The main point in all these Nicaraguan schemes is the existence of the lake. Here is a vast sheet of water stretch- ing half way across the neck of the continent ; here in fact is half your work done by nature. Now M. Blanchet goes further, and says that with comparatively small labor you may virtually prolong this lake far down the San Juan Val- ley on the Atlantic side and the Valley of the Rio Grande on the Pacific side. Then as you approach the low-lying lands at the outlet (the lake being of a higher level than the ad- jacent ocean) you regulate the flow by a double series of locks on the Atlantic side and a single series on the Pacific side. M. Blan~ chet’s locks for Nicaragua are less numerous than those in the Selfridge plan for Darien, and they lie together in groups, which makes them more easy of management. The nar- rowest part of his canal is 164 feet wide, with a draft of nine and one half metres, or nearly thirty-one feet, and for the greater part of its course it is, properly speaking,no canal at all, but a broad lake. Its estimated cost is about 200,000,000 francs, which, doubled, would still leave a sensible difference in outlay be tween that and all other schemes. There is another consideration. As most of the trade of the world is with the northern rather than the southern half of the American continent, there will be a considerable saving of time and distance by the use of the more northern rmltn. Vessels. fnr instanne, sailian frnm the run; “gym: on THE yAxonnu'Ku . ' ‘ ' WIRFARE. A Young Woman Shel by Her Married Lover, \‘Vho Send-n Bullet Through [lie (Dwn Heart. The village of Dauphin, eight miles west of Harrisburg, P8... was she scene of a. terrible tragedy, the victims of which were Miss Ha- desseh Douglass, aged 19 years, and Amos Gayman, hotel keeper, and the head of a Inmin consisting of a wife and three chil- dren. About three years ago Geymsn, who had previously been a. farmer, went into the hotel business. Among thosein his employ was Miss Douglass, who was rather comely, and won the affections of Gaymsn. whose advances became very ofl'ensive to his wife, and she compelled the girl to leave the house about ayear ago. She was subse- quently employed in the family of Henry Greenawait, of Dauphin. and Gaymen was frequently seen with her on the street, oc- cusioning considerable scandal. He made no concealment of his love for M188 Doug- lass, having informed a number of his friends of the fact that she had captured his affections. 'l‘llE EBAQF PRETTY WOMEN IN LONDON. TERRIBLE TRAGEDY. From the VVofld. ~Pretty soon Clara. Vere de Vere will be .seen in the garden swinging a. rake with a. French accent; -Lady Elizabeth Campbell, sister of the Marquis of Lorne, is to be married this month to Mr. Eustace Balfour. and it is said the wedding tour will include a. Visit to Rid- eau Hall. The wedding will take place at the Duke of Argyll’s Scottish seat, Inverary Castle. Lady Edith Campbell, the Duke’s eldest daughter, is married to Earl Percy, eldest son of the Duke of Northumberlaud. I hear that the carnival at Nice was unusu- ally brilliant. The Countess Caithness, who. with her husband and her son by a former marriage. the Duke of Former, made quite an extensive visit to the United States some years ago. gave a grand tancy ball, at which Miss Emilie Schaumherg. of Philadelphia, appeared as “Moonlight.” Lady Caithuess, unlike most of our foreign visitors, has never forgotten the kindness and attention wherewith the Earl and herself were treated while in our country. and she is al. ways particularly civil and hospitable to Ameri- cans. She possesses, it is said. the finest diamonds in Europe, outside of the caskets of royalty, her triple row diamond necklace being valued at something like a million of dollars. When she was present at one of our Philadelphia assemblies it was computed that the jewels she were were worth rather more than the opera house itself, and the ornaments worn by all the other lady guests into the bargain.â€"- [Paris Letter. After these local meetings have been held. if they prove to be successful. the committee will then meet again and decide what further action it will be well to take. We hope to hear more on this subject and shall be pleased at all times to report proceedings "as they are furnished to us. The committee appointed at the public meeting on Saturday last, to consider the question of the introduction of the growth of the sugar beet in this section; held their first meeting in Mr. Imlach’s office, Friday. There were not many present, but the feeling was decidedly in favor of introducing the culture here. Mr. lmlach read a report to the com- mittee, first on the subject of the beet root as being a paying crop, and read extracts from various works and reports on the subject, showing what had been done in other parts of Canada, satisfactorily proving that in all cases it had been \ found remunerative. On' the subject of the manufacture, he produced some valuable statistics, showing the increase of the beet sugar industry and what benefits would be derived by its introduction into this section, also that while sugar factories might and often did involve very large expenditures, it was not a necessity as it could be started in a small way and extend as the industry was developed. He had also plans of the ap- pliances required. with an estimate of the cost of each. The total for what would be necessary. would ,not exceed 310.000 â€"and capable of working up 20 tons a day into a raw sugar. The general opinion expressed by some of our leading farmers was, that it a. factory could be insured there would he no difliculty in raising 300 acres the first year ; those present consented to grow some ten, some five and two acres. A very good sug- gestion was made by the Mayor, and well supported by Messrs. Turnbull, Strickland, Duncan and others, to at once open a book putting down the names of all who would undertake to grow some this year, to be com~ menced at once, as the season for sowing would soon be on hand. and to facilitate this movement Mr. Imlach was asked if he would attend a few meetings in the surrounding school houses and explain the subject in detail to those who felt interested. The points named were Cainsville, Mt. Pleasant White School House ; also on Paris and Bur- ford roads. He consented to do so. The date of the various meetings will be fixed at once, and parties attending could enter their names. It is most important that the 300 acres be made up as soon as possible. as it would greatly assist the future operations of the movement towards the erection of the factory this fall. This looks like business. and we trust the farmers will respond heartily as mnoh de- pends on them, asif taken hold of in earnest, it will tend much to induce business men to assist also. All arrangements have been made for having seed of the best variety of sugar beets on hand in time for sowing. A Canal From the Allnntii: lo the Pacific both in principle and details. M. Blanchel proposes to start from the Pacific at Port Brito ; then alter reaching the lake show right across for the San Juan River, follo“ the river for nearly its entire course and reach the Atlantic by a short cutting to San Juan del Norte. Port Brito and San Juan (lei Norte would therefore form the extremities of the canal. Lull and Menocal propose pretty much the same course, but where M. Blanchet differs from them and from all other projectors who have suggested this route is in his proposal to prolong the lake to the ad jacent valleys on either side, and thus extend the area of lake communication between ocean and oceanâ€"to do in fact what De Lesseps did at-Suez with Timsah and the Bitter Lakes. The main point in all these Nicaraguan schemes is the existence of the lake. Here is a vast sheet of water stretchâ€" ing half way across the neck of the continent ; here in fact is half your work done by nature. Now M. Blanchet goes further, and says that with comparatively small labor you may virtually prolong this lake far down the San Juan Val- ley on the Atlantic side and the Valley of the Rio Grande on the Pacific side. Then as you approach the low-lying lands at the outlet (the lake being of a higher level than the ad- jacent ocean) you regulate the flow by a double series of locks on the Atlantic side and a single series on the Pacific side. M. Blan~ chet’s locks for Nicaragua are less numerous than those in the Selfridge plan for Darien, and they lie together in groups, which makes them more easy of management. The nar- rowest part of his canal is 164 feet wide, with a draft of nine and one half metres, or nearly thirty-one feet, and for the greater part of its course it is, properly speaking,no canal at all, but a broad lake. Its estimated cost is about 200,000,000 francs, which, doubled, Would still leave a sensible difference in outlay be~ tween that and all other schemes. There is another consideration. As most of the trade of the world is with the northern rather than the southern half of the American continent. there will be a considerable saving of time and distance by the use of the more northern route. Vessels, for instance, sailing from the Gulf of Mexico for California, or the reverse, would gain over 700 miles by crossing at Nicaragua instead of at the Isthmus. In ad-K dition to this they would get rid of the risk of the frequent calms of the Gulf of Panama, the outlet of the Isthmus on one side, where sailing ships are sometimes detained for months at a time. The salubrity of Nicaragua has already been mentionedâ€"din immense advantage as facilitating the importation of labor and the general prosecution of the work. The Canal of Selfridge, by Darien, takinuzits tortuous curves into account, would be 240 miles long; the line of communication in the Blanchet plan is actually lessâ€"only 180 miles. The Suez Canal it may be stated for purposes of comparison, is ninety-nine miles long. LADY UAI'I‘IINEBS’S DIARIIDNDS‘ MANUFACTURE OF BEE'I‘ [{00'1‘ SUGAR. (pan (mo OCEAN. (Brantfurd Courier.) â€"-Stop up your ear with your finger. You hem‘aroaring as of aminiuture Niagara. Remove your finger and put in its place n. wad of cotton, or anything else you choose. The roaring is gone. Did you ever think of the cause of this? The roaring which you hear is the sound of the circulation of the blood in the tip of your finger. â€"The Chinese is a queer language. The word “ tschoo” means ape, whirlpool, island, silk. deep. a wine, a kind of plant, to enclose, to help, to quarrel. to walk, to answer. When spoken, in Uhinaman has to judge from the context, or from the intonation of the word, what; meaning is intended. 111 writing the word a separate symbol is employed for every meaning. “ Birthday B00ks”have become for some time pasta recognized institution. and people who are bored by having to remember, or invent, the day on which they were born, and write it in a. book opposite a quotation, may console themselves by thinking that habitual intercourse with such books involves making a certain. acquaintance with standard quota.- tions. The stories told by the men were so con- nected and contained so many incidents asso- ciated with Hsy’s army life that, as he said, “ Walker actually made me believe he and I bunked together two years in the army.” Re- joiced at meeting, as be supposed, an old friend, Hay so far forgot himself that for the first time in fourteen years, he got drunk and upon the invitation of Walker he came to this city. Hay paid the railroad fares for the party, suspecting nothing wrong, and just be- fore reaching Detroit, when very much under the influence of liquor, he gave his pocket- book, containing $42, to Walker for safe keeping. Arrivmg at Detroit Hay was de- serted by his companions, and although he visited the corner of Dubois and Luman streets, he failed to discover them.â€"Detroit Free Press. The thirty-nine \VllO were released found a great crowd waiting for them outside of the magistrate’s office, and forming in a. line, they marched 013 to the colleges. The crowd of people who followed them seemed to regard the affair as a huge joke on the college boys, for they cheered them on their homeward way by singing “Scots wha’ ha‘ wi’ Wallace bled,” and the unique procession created great amusement. A letter from Glasgow, Scotland, gives particulars of an extraordinary riot which took place there lately. It seems that at the performance of Mozari's “ Le Nozze di Figaro,” at the Prince of Wales Theatre, March 17, the galleries were filled with scores of students from the universities of the town. The students, it would seem from the events of the evening, were out in full force and ready for a “ lark.”. The opera troupe was from her Majesty's Theatre, London, and Trebelli was in the part of Cherubina. All went well until the prima donna began her air “ Voiche sapete.” While singing this she noticed a peculiar sound on a big drum in the orchestra, and it annoyed her not a little. It was finally discovered that the strange sounds were caused by the students in the gallery, who had armed themselves with pea-shooters, and were having a royal time at the expense of the manipulator of the big drum. Measures were at once taken to have the annoyance stopped. One of the young men was arrested, but several of his companions valiantly rescued him. Six officers then seized three of the boys, but they in turn were rescued by some sixteen of their comrades. Matters had reached a crisis, and the audience, singers and all,,were consid- erably excited. Finally an additional force of oifioers arrived and marched ofi fortyâ€"two of the offending undergraduates to the magis~ trate's office. The boys did not want to stay in the lockup overnight, and couriers were dispatched in every direction for bail. An attempt was made to raise some money from the pockets of the young men themselves. but only a. few pieces of silver could be col- lected from the fortytwo. Finally, in the ab- sence of any who were willing to give bonds for their aiipearance, for the hour was very late, the young men, many of whom were of well known families, piled their watches, studs, pins and other articles of jewelry on the magistrate 3 table, and after giving their names were allowed to depart. Three, how- ever, either because they .were the ringlead- ers or because they could not produce enough jewelry, were detained. Another Green I‘ouulrymun Swindlcd on the G. ‘V. K. 011 Tuesday night there arrived in this city a cattle drover named Hiram N. Hay, whose home is at Nunda, Livingstone 00., N.Y. He was swindled out of $42 in a queer manner, and had evidently been “ spotted” by the operatives for a much larger sum. Last week Hay left homo to make some collections at Buffalo and at various points in Canada. On Monday morning last he leached London, Out... with about $4,000 in currency in his possession. With the exception of about $100 Hay sent the money home, and shortly after he had done so he made the ac: quaintance of two men who gave the names of Walker and M01 rison, introduced them- selver as old army companions of his, and said that they were living at the corner of Dubois and Lamed streets in this city. There probe.ny were extenuating circum- stances in favor of the young rebel prisoner, and, while the President seemed to be deeply pondering, the young lady moved to a piano near by, and taking a. seat. commenced to sing “Gentle Annie,” :1 very sweet and path- etic ballad. which before the war was a familiar song in almost every house in the Union. and is not yet entirly fogotten, for that matter. It is to be persumed that the young lady sung the song with more plantive- ness and effect than Old Abe had heard it in Springfield. During its rendition he arose from his seat, crossed the room to a window in the westward, through which he gazed for several minutes with that “ sad, far away look” which had been so often noted as one of his peculiarities. His memory, no doubt, went back to the days of his humble life on the banks of the Sengamon, and, with visions of old Salem and its rustic shore, came a picture of the “Gentle Annie" of his youth, whose ashes had remained for many long years under the wild flowers and brambles of the old burying ground. Be that as it may, Mr. Lincoln turned, advanced quickly to his desk. wrote a brief note, which he handed to the lady, and told her it was the pardon she sought. A Pathetic Incident of [low the (iron! l'lfill’l llenrl Wan Touched. (From the Virginia (IMhzliiirerJ John MeMamer was buried last Sunday, near Petersburg. Menard county. A long while ago he was assessor and treasurer of the county for several successive terms. Mr. l’lcNamer was an early settler in that section, and before the town of Petersbui‘g was laid out was in business at old Salem, a village that existed many years ago two miles south If the present site of Petersbnrg. Lincoln was then postmaster of the place. it was here that Annie Rutledge dwelt, and in whose :ruve Lincoln wrote that his heart was buried. As the old story runs. the fair and gentle Annie was originally John M eNamer’s sweet- heart, and Abe took a “shine” to the young lady, and succeeedad in heading of McNa- mer, and won her aflections. But Annie Rutledge died, and Lincoln went to Spring. field, Where he some time after married. It is related that during the war a lady belong- ing to a prominent Kentucky family visited Washingtonto beg of her son’s pardon, who was in prison under sentence of death for belonging to a band of Guerrillas who had committed many murders and outrages. With the mother was her daughter@ beautiful young lady, who was an accomplished musi- cian. Mr. Lincoln received the visitors in his usual manner, and the mother made known the object of her visit, accompanying her plea with tears and sobs and all the cus- tomary dramatic incidents. I‘UDlCROUS Rlo'l‘ IN A THEATRE; LINCO l.N_“H‘D wnn‘Tumxk'lx “ CONFIDENUED.”