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A New York Central Rassenger Train Thrown from the Track. CLIFTON. Feb. 7.â€"When the N. Y. C. & H. B. R. Bufialo train, due here at 3.20 this af- ternoon. was approaching La Salle, N.Y., a station six miles distant from here, it struck some timber which had fallen from a freight train ahead of it, throwing the train 013 the track and smashing and turning the coaches upside down. So far as heard from, there are‘ seven or eight seriously injured. It' 1s feared "that quite a number of Canadians are among the number. as this train makes connection with the GLW. B. foLCsnadisngpoints only. Auxnome, N. 8., Feb. 8.â€"A11 through the night little knots of persons were seen at the treet comers.‘ One or two attempts were made on the jail fenee during the night but the constables easily drove the assailants 03. Soon after six o’clock the crowd began to gather in front of the jail inclosure. Several of the crowd, principally from the country, were inflamed with liquor, and with shouts and yells the mob rushed toward the fence. Huge beams were used as battering rams and once an opening was made poles and hands were used and the who‘e front of the high, strong fence was in a few minutes torn down. While this wild disorder was in progress outside. Thihault was walking slowly up and down in his cell striving to fortify himseli that he might not quail before the awful doom which he was soon to meet. Rev. Father Holden remained with him during most of the morning. A few minutes before three o’clock the sherifi‘ and his deputy, with a con- stable entered the cell. Thihault’s arms were pinioned and the fatal noose placed around his neck and he walked slowly from the cell. His breath came and went in great gasps. Without once raising his eyes to the bright and cloudless sky, or seeming to notice the sea. of upturned faces, or the grim instru- ment of death, he was led up the steps and stood on the scaffold. The rope was attached to the hook and an end tied over the cross- beam, and the crowd were hushed as the sherifi read the death wan-ant, then the black cap was drawn down, the noose adjusted and a moment later the rope was cut with asharp hatchet The drop fell and the murder of Char- lotte Hill was avenged. Not the slightest motion of the body was observed after the fall, though death did not immediately ensue. Seventeen minutes from the fall the body was cut down and carried into the jail, where it was examined and the legal formalities carried out. The body was buried this after- noon. The spectators this morning num- bered about 700 or 800. Burma. Feb. 8.â€"The New York Central Railroad depot fell in at 9 o’clock this morn- ing. and is a. complete wreck. \There were two trains in the depot 31: the time. Can get no particulars yet. The 2.25 p. m. train on the Niagara Falls blanoh of the Central yesterday, ran into two heavy logs of wood, which were dropped by a preceding freight train, one mile north of La Salle.. A. J. Minton was in charge of engine 113, and Henry Dans was the train conduc- tor. The injured were, Eddie Ball, aged fourteen. of Niagara, Canada. He was badly cut by glass. Misses Gering and Sweet. of this city, were also badly out by broken win- dow panes. The track was badly torn up, and the cars will have to go to the shop. The escape from a terrible loss of life was exceed- ingly fortunate. this afternoon a firmer, which proved to he s“ only too true. began to spread about the streets that Sergeant Snider, of the police force, had shot himself. For several days n past Snider has been unwell, suffering from a severe cold. and has once or twice been allowed to remain off duty. This morning Chief McKinnon received a note from Dr. Curlett, stating that Sergeant Snider would not be able to appear on duty and asking that he be relieved from night duty to-night. Snider came home to dinner about noon and ate a hearty dinner, apparently being in bet- ter spirits than usual. even joking with his children. After dinner he went upstairs to his bedroom. His eldest daughter Maud, a girl of about thirteen years of age, went up a few minutes after and found him in his shirt sleeves. with a bottle of medicine which he had just received from Dr. Curlett in his hand. As she entered the room he lifted the bottle to his lips and drank oii' almost the entire contents, and in a moment or two was seized with a violent fit of vomiting. When he had recovered he walked across the room once or twice, and then came and sat on the side of the bed. Presently he said to his daughter, “ Mandy, I’m going to put an end to my life," after‘which he laid himself down on the bed and placed his revolver by his right side on the ooverlet. His daughter after she had recovered from the shock caused by this ter- rible declaration, flew towards him and begged him not to carry out his awful resolve, but he repeated his intention in the same words, and a-moment or two after raising the revolver to his right temple he said, “ Mandy, I’m gone,” and pulled the trigger. The shot had b3: well aimed. and the bullet entered the temple just in front and a little above the right ear, penetrating into the brain. The re- port of the revolver and the screams of the child startled Mrs. Snider, who was lying sick downstairs, and she rushed up into the bed- room to find her husband lying unconscious on the bed with the still smoking revolver in his hand and a terrible wound in his head, from which blood and brains were oozing. Dr. Ourlett was summoned. but on examining the wound he pronounced death to be inevitable ‘ and only a matter of a few hours at the most. Even to the eyes of the least observant it was plainly apparent that life was rapidly ebbing away. The breathing of the wounded man was heavy and labored, and every now and then convulsive gasps shook his frame. The shot was fired at twenty minutes past one o’clock and death super- vened about half-past two. Snider re- mained perfectly unconscious With closed eyes to the last. Dr. Wilson, coroner, was summoned, but under the circumstances did not consider it necessary to hold an inquest. The cause of the suicide remains a mystery at present. It was apparently the result of a sudden resolve, or rather impulse. The only cause which can be assigned is that fora long time past the deceased had been harassed by many small debts which he was unable to pay, and for which he was constantly being dunned, but his cheerful demeanor a. few moments before he committed the awful deed would go to show that he was not sufiering from this cause. Sergeant Snider first entered the police force on the 27th of Sep- tember, 1869, and has always been considered a most efiicient officer. He leaves a wife and three children, the youngest of whom is a baby. .H‘ aomanmaggumfifiwi .r___._._...Anniâ€"1ALvaufin.9Hâ€"£Hmmfififidh‘fim ixecution of Thibault at An- napolis. -â€"Since 1870 the capacity of the New Eng- land mills has been increased from 114,000 looms and 6,498,000 spindles to 185,700 looms and 8.800,000 spindles, a'nd cotton consump- tion, which in 1810 was 275,630,000 pounds, was in 1880 no less thon 503,312,000. In the South in 1870 there were Il,000 looms and 417,000 spindles, while the census shows that in 1880 there were 15,000 looms and 714,000 spindles, and that the consumption 1 :- nnn nnn DISGRACEFUL 14.1,vuv - ._...___ , of cotton had increased from 45,000,000 pounds to 102,000,000. Comparing the two sections, itis seen thatin ‘en years New England has increased her cotton con- sumption 'about 80 per cent. and the South THE FATAL DROP. overâ€"120. RAILWAY ACCIDENT. DELIBERATE SUICIDE Latest SCENES. On the Death 61’ Bishop Mackenzie in the Interior of South Africa. 0n the wings of evening air, Fall the sounds of pleading prevent 'Neath the Acacia words are said For the burial of the dead; Now are past the hours of pain, Burning sun and chilling rain, From the fever‘s wild unrest, Now the Bishop hath found rest. And surely for him there hath passed a throng, 0f the just and true, with a funeral song ', And the sands are plowed with the marks of feet Who have borne their chief in his windin sheet, And a white-robed choir. with chant and yum, Have sung him asleep with their requiem. Nol one trembling voice is heard Breathing forth Hope’s glorious word. One, beside his dead hath stood, Through the fever and the flood, Vainly sought that life i; .1 save, Hollow’d out the lonely grave, Crossed the hands and breathed the prayer For the soldier sleeping there. The grave of awarrior; than will come The mournfui sounds of the muffled drum, And the arms reversed. and the bayonet’s gleam, And the banners over the cerpse to stream And the men‘s heads bowed to the sunset shy Round the loyal dust that could bear and die. N01 St. Michael’s host keep guard O‘er the grave with watch'and ward, For the march of angels’ feet, And the roll of music sweet, And the welcome loud and long, To the soul by Faith made strong, l Echo, in their power unpriced, ‘ Through the palaces of Christ. Then in the desolate tomb take rest, Knight of the Cross. Though above thy breast No kindred may come sweet flowers to plant, We, enroll thy name in our holy chant, On one day in seven ten thousand tongues Arise to the Father in deathless songs. Sayingpr singing, on land and on sea, I, , r,,, - n_._:...r my”... n Mu; Au v. u... VF. ____, “ 'l‘hetNoble Rift-1% of Mar serise Thee And the faithful men who stood. Side by side 'mid the storm and flood On the far-off English sod, Once had pledged their faith to God, Gave to Him their troth and trust, Shook from out their souls the dust; Now, in summer lands above, Once again have met in love. rr nnnnnn ml‘! Speech by Mr. Cowan. the Member for Newcaefle Just before the opening of Parliament Mr. Joseph Cowan, the member for Newcastle, ad- dressed his constituents upon the Irish quesâ€" tion. The following report of what he said will be interesting: The desire for nationality is at the root of Irish discontent. There is no gainsaying the fact that a- very large propor- tion of the population are as hostile as their fathers were to the union with England. (Cheers) Their designs difi'er. Some are in ‘l'avor of separation, others of repeal, others of home rule ; but one form or other of autono- my, or independence, they have never ceased to aspire after. It may be unpleasant for Englishmen to be told this, but there is no wisdom in ignoring what is palpable to every one else save ourselves. In the unrelieved gloom of the Irish peasant’s life he broods over his country‘s wrongs. The recollection of them sharpens his hostility to those whom he regards as is conquerors and stimulates this separatist Opes. He might have become lacclimatized to our authorities had the condi- ‘tion of his existence been less hard, but his ‘pinching poverty strengthens his dislike and ‘intensifies his distrust of our connection. There are t ousands of Irish families that “ave ‘ _ 'xxj-jthemselv'es and starvation but a paltry patch of watery potatoes. There are at least 150,000 tenants struggling to exist on hold- ings the annual average produce of each of which is not more than £25. In moderate years they manage to exist upon this pauper pittance, but one had season brings trouble, 0. second want, and a third starvation or in- surrection. The affections of the Irish people may be won. No people are more amenable to a kind and fostering government, which, while respecting their idiosyncrasies, treats them with justice, concedes to them liberty, and trusts them. Englishmen recognize these requirements easily enough in foreign countries, and with other peoples, butby some strange incapacity they cannot see the force of them on the other side of the Irish Sea. The virtues they honor abroad they disregard and often despise at home. The Irishman’s troubles are not listened to and his miseries , have not unfrequently been mocked. The i unsympathetic snarl with which the English i ptess usually receives Irish proposals for a reform, tends much to embitter the relations 1 between the two peoples. Our illustrated papers seldom portray an Irish peasant in any other character except that of a scound rel, a sulk or a coward. Yet, among the people thus shamefully lampooned there is less crimeâ€"as crime is commonly counted- than among any other people in Christen- dom. There is no race whose daughters are so virtuous or whose sons are more valiant. The annals of France, and Spain, and Austria, of England and of America are crowded with the achievements of brilliant captains who have sprung from Irish stock. No people are more prosperous away from their own country, and few have a higher sense of veneration. And yet a race with all these fine qualities we cannot man- age. Our tundimental error, in my judg- ment, is our reluctance to realize the difier- enca between the two peoples. We treat peculiarities that to the Irish are dear and . sacred, with contempt. and sometimes with scorn. We concede their demand from necessity, not from justice. They appeal only to our fears and we yield only to their - force. sonar. AND REFORM. History supports the correctness of the contention that all reforms are won in he- land by force. At the general election in 1865 the Irish Church was declared by all leading Liberals to be out of the range of practical politics. The Fenian conspiracy, however. develops! itself in that and the two succeeding years. An attempt was made to free one Fenian leader by blowing down one of the walls of Clorkenwell prison, while two other chiefs were actually rescued irom a police van in broad daylight in the streets of Manchester. This event startled our states- ‘ men. Immediatrly the Church ques- tion entered upon a new phase. We have the assurance of the author of the Church act himself that it was the Fenians that forced the disestablishment from the position of a speculative to that of a practical problem. In 1844 and 1845 the repeal agitation was at its height. Menacing meetings were held in these years at Tara, Trim. Mullaghmast, and on other historic gathering grounds. At the same . time England had differences with France - about the Island of Otaheite, and with Ame- » rioa about the Territory of Oregon. War with both countries seemed imminent, Sir Robert Peel suddenly saw the necessity of sending ' what he called “a message of peace” to he ) land. He brought forward bills providing for 5 the establishment of institutions in which the ' youth of Ireland could receive a higher edu- . cation than was otherwise available to them; 3 for granting, a subsidy to the Catholic College 1 at Maynooth, and for altering the mode of ! transferring and regulating the terms of hold~ VOL. XXIII. ing land. When Sir Robert Peel‘und Sir J nmes Graham respectively introduced these bills they stated that these remedial measures were proposed because the Cabinet daredalot deal boldly with France or America if peace was not assured in Ireland. The Ministers declared that to go to war with either or with both States while an instinct» THEWI’ETS'FTQUESTION. x LINES 'HARRIETT ANNIE tion was smoldering so near at home would be dangerous, as American or French soldiers might be landed in Ireland, and the repealers might welcome them as friends. A measure for emancipating the Catholics from the op- eration of the inhuman penal laws was held out as a bribe to induce Irishmen to give up their Parliament ;but the promised relief was not conceded for nearly thirty years. and when granted the Duke of Wellington made no attempt to disguise the fact that it was given, not out of regard for the religious claims of the Catholics, but because he and his colleagues behaved that the alternative be- fore them was either emancipation or civil war. By the confession of the originating statesmen themselves it was dread of civil war that won emancipation in 1829, and fear of war with America and France that got the educational and ecclesiastical concessions in 1845. It was the Fenian rising that forced forward the Church act in 1869, and it is be- yond dispute that any radical amendment of the land laws that may be made next session will be the result of the present agita- tion in Ireland. No Government can ignore the significance and the force oi that social uprising. The only way in which, in the opinion of many, it ought to be met is by the old, the odious and ignoble device of coercion. The unceasing cry of these persons is “restore order," “ protect property " and “ imprison the agitators." The sword is with them the only scepter. But it would be difficult to imprison an en- tire people. There is truly a huge strike and lock out. or a lock out and a strike combined. Certain landlords and certain tenants have been ostracised. A vast system of exclusive deal- ings has been instituted. This may be very foolish, but it is certainly not illegal unless it is forced by conspiracy and terror. How far and to what extent this has been done is apoint now being discussed in the Dublin law courts and cannot with propriety be re- ferred to here. But the practise is not new. It is what the reformers in this country did half a century ago when they rosolved lo “ Boycott ” the oppressive governments by not purchasing taxable articles. Mr. Cobbett and others concocted endless condiments for people to use instead of tea, coffee and sugar. The destruction of crops is but a repetition of the doings common when the desperate and starving population in the Midland and manu- facturing districts injured machinery, destroyed property and threatened life. I do not recall these painful periods of our social history with the object of excusing breaches of the law in Ireland. Two blacks do not make a white. But when the proceedings across the Channel are denounced with such vindictive rhetoric it is well to remember that poverty and wretchedness generated. among Englishmen, greater and more reprehensible excesses, than causes, more prolonged and more intense, are now generating in Ireland. We tried repression, and it failed. We then tried concession. political and industrial. We have the result in as free and as contented and as prosperous an artisan popu- ‘ lation as any country can boast of. Untaught by experience, our white terrorists revive the demand for coercionâ€" that never failing nostrum to all timid politi- cians, from the days of Draco to the present time. It is eighty years since the union was efiected that was to secure for Ireland liberty, peace and prosperity. During that period of time there have been fortydsevan aetspassed. limiting, and ten hots passed entirely sus- pending, the most precious right of the con- stitution â€"the right of personal freedom. Ireland certainly has not benefited by these poisonous provisions for' public safety. According to advocates of coercion it is to-day more seriously disturbed than it has ever been since 1798, and yet they would apply their quack specific once more. In the dark days in England the reformers advocated the neces- ity of going to the root of the political cancer, cutting it out bodily and then binding up the wound by generous measures. From this they got their name of radicals. As a believer in their faith and a follower of their policy I repeat the old demandâ€"reform, and not re- pression, concession, am. not coercion, for Irish, as it was demanded for English griev- ances. If the union between England and Ireland is to be anything more than a mere legal form the Irish people must be trusted. We systematically exclude liberal Irishmen from oflioes of high political responsibility. In the present Cabinet there is not an Irish- man.’ In the present Administration there is not one except the law officers and two or three courtiers, and they are really rather Englishmen who live in Ireland than Irish- men. England, Scotland and Wales are all represented on the Treasury Bench, but Ire- land has not a solitary spokesman there. Even the ornamental office of Lord Lieuten‘ ant is filled by an English peer, and the chi- cials of the Castle are now, as they ever were drawn from the English garrison, tradi- tional and inveterate haters of everything Irish. The standing complaint of the Irish farm- er is his sense of insecurity. There are 500,000 tenants-at-will in Ireland, and they are in daily fear either of their rents being raised or evicted; This stops improvement, paralyses effort and stereotypes a bad system of agriculture, from which both the nation and the occupier suffer. The compensation for eviction got under the Land act is little relief to a cottier. It may help him to emi grate, but nothing more. To remove the feeling of distrust it is proposed to extend some other form of the Ulster custom to the rest of Ireland. I would prefer the more effective plan of making the occupiers owners at once. A system of dual ownership has many disadvantages. The price paid for ‘the good will of a farm in Ulster is often twice and sometimes thrice the value of the freehold. There are often cases where thirty, forty and fifty, and sometimes even sixty years’ purchase are given for merely the right of tenancy. if a farm is let at an annual rental of £50, and fifty years’ purchase is given for the tenant right, that would be £2,500. This sum at five per cent. would cost £75 a year. A man ‘ who buys this right, therefore, buys the obli- gation to pay £135 a year for afarm, the agricultural value of which is only £50. The fee simple of the same land would be worth about £1,250. This is only one among other reasons against the theory of tenant right. But to set against this reason, you have the fact that where tenant right prevails the peo- ple are fairly contented and the country fairly presperous. The landlords, too, are satisfied, as they have in tenant right security for their rents. The testimony of county judges, land ‘ agents and other informed and disinterested persons who have had experience of the sys- tem, is, that it works well. Whether Ulster prosperity is the result of the system, or the ‘ system is the outcome of the prosperity, cer- tain it is that prosperity and tenant right in i Ireland are nearly conterminous. While thus putting the case of tenant right Ingain record "J ,1 - my conviction that the establishment of 9. system of peasant proprietary would be fairer to the landlord and better to the tenant than this scheme of complicated copy holding. If the government honestly and fairly buys a. landlord’s estate, no in- justice is done; but to forcibly compel the Irish landlords to accept as wpartners with them in their properties some two hundred and fifty thousand or three hundred thousand A HUGE STRIKE. TENANT RIGHTI. RICHMOND HILL, THURSDAY, FEB. 17, 1881. tenants. is a slsheme scarcely likely to work satisfactorily. Whatever plan. however, the government proposes should not only be care- fully but generously considered. So far as I am concerned. while I. will not hesitate to criticise it freely and frankly. I will give the Ministry the most ungrudging support in their resolve to deal with this, as knotty aquestion of social and political economy as ever per- plexed a Parliament. If our interests require that we should rule Ireland our honor requires that we should rule it with acceptance. The times and the circumstances are calculated to excite doubts, to arouse passions and to awaken fears. 1t behoves all anxious for the prosperity of the country to rise superior to the crooked tactics of party.’ and help every honest effort magic to uproot the social canker which is eating into the soul of a sensitive and sufiering people. If the Ministry have the heart to oonceive. the understanding to direct and the strength to execute u. settlement of this harassing problem their names will " 0n Fame’s eternal bead-roll be worthy to be fyled.” ’ stgry : During the recent cold snap Charles Doriar- ty, who was chopping wood alone in the for- est near Lake George. was knocked down by a large log twenty inches in thickness and the log rolled upon his leg in such a. way that he was securely held to the ground. He remained in that position thirty-six hours before he was found and released. His leg was badly frozen and will probably have to be amputated, but he kept himself alive by endeavoring to out through the, log with his jack-knife, which he had nearly, accomplished when discovered. Doriarty says he sufiered intensely when he found he could not pull himself loose, and during the later hours of his' captivity it was only bythe most strenuous exertions that he managed to keep at work with his knife. He worked during the darkness as well as the daylight, and his hands were blistered from using the knife. The following is an illustration of the pro- nunciation and spelling in the use of wrong words which have the same pronunciation as the right words; and which properly read would sound right: The Storyâ€"A rite suite little buoy, the sun of a grate kernel, with a rough about his neck, fine up the rode swift as eh deer. After a. thyme he stopped at a gnu house and wrung the belle. His tow hurt hymn and he headed wrest. He was two tired to ram his fare, pail face. A feint mown of pane rows from his lips. rlfhe made who herd the bellevwas about to pair a pare, but she through it down? and run with awl her ,mite. for fear her guessed wood not weight. Butt when she saw the little won. tiers stood in her eyes-at the site. ” Ewe poor deer! Why due yew lye hear? Are ewe dyeing ?” “ Know,” he side, “ Ism faint two thee corps.” She boar him inn her arms, as she aught, too a rheum where he mite bee quiet, gave him bred and meet, held sent under his knows, tide his ehoisr, rgpped him warmly, gave him sum suite drmhm from a vial, till at last he went fourth hail an a young hoarse. His eyes shown, him oheek was as read as a flour and he gambled a hole our. phobiq. â€"The Queen of Portugal is a lover of art and has given a large sum towards the com- pletion of the Duomo at Florence. â€"Li22ie Safiord and little girls, Kate and Julia Bell, of the lamented Lures company, are playing East Lynne with a company of amateurs at Welland. â€"There is in Berlin an establishment called the Orfaneum, which consists of a beer garden. a. wine cellar, a restaurant, a. lodging house. a. dance hall and 9. stage; all in one building. â€"â€"Abont $7, 500, 000 has been expended on the Mississippi river, aside from the jetties, since the formation of the Government. â€"Seven hundred thousand women in France and Italy are employed in the manu- facture of raw silk from the cocoon. â€"On Dec. 27 Mr. Schwieuer, of Berlin cele brated the fiftieth anniversary of his admis- sion to the editorial stat? of the Oflicial Prus- sian Gazette. -â€"Mr. Bradlangh continues his attacks on the British Penuien list, which later in the session will probably be heard a good deal about. ---Comp1aints are rife in London of the in- adequnry of the Elm Brigade in the newer portions of the town. It is complained that the protection of property, rather than of people, is the end sought at present. â€"Dr. Hiram Shaffer is the leading physi- cian at Wooster, Ohio. His wife objected to his visiting women patients. and demsnded that he should confine his practice to men. He refused to throw away more than half his income, and she has left him. -â€"In 1880 sixty steamers brought 26,815 emigrants to Baltimore, of whom 15,454 came from Germany. Nearly all went straight onto various States in the West. and for most of them the expenses of thejoumey had been paid in advance. â€"On the Little Colorado lives a woman who avers that she is 128 years old. and that she distinctly remembers the famous dark day. 19th of May, 1780. There are still a. number of old people who have " heard tell" of that remarkable phenomenon from those who experienced it. Perhaps it is not gener- ally known that the darkness, which was that of a. dark night, extended many miles out into the Atlantic. It was not in anywise explain- able by eclipse. â€"'1‘he Engineering News thinks that the great railroad crash in England, under Hud- son, styled the Railroad King, is recalled by existing speculation. Hudson used to make $500,000 a. day by the rise of shares in the lines he controlled. In 1845 more than $600,000,000 were subscribed in England by all classes of people for railroad shares 1 but the famine swiftly followed and after 8800,- 000,000 had been actually expended on rail- roads. a. commercial panic set in, followed by the Chartist‘ riot in 1848. -â€"A paper which Mr. John Aitken recently read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh is a remarkable contribution to the subject of the origin of fogs, mists and clouds.1 Accord- .,.,__L A TERRIBLE SITUATION . The Thy” Timg; tells the following singular ing to Mr. Aitken, who has made a great many experiments with moist air at various temperatures to determine the conditions which produce condensation of water vapor, the latter always condenses in the atmos- phere on some solid nucleus. He further concludes that dust particles in the air form the nuclei on which the vapor condenses; that, if there were no dust, there would be no fogs, no mists, no clouds, and probably no rain; that the supersaturated air converts every object on the surface of the earth into a condenser, on which it would deposit as dew; and, finally, that our breath, when it becomes visible on a frosty morning, and every puff of steam as it escapes into the air from an engine, show the impure and dusty state of the atmosphere. These results have been verified by Mr. Aitken at tempera- ture as law as 14 ° Fahr. “ SOUND” SENSE. The news that Thomas Carlyle is dead has ust reached us by Atlantic cable. He died on Saturday, calmly and peacefully, at the house in Cheyne Row, Chelsea, where he lived and labored for nearly half a century. His deetn severe almost the last link con. necting the literati of our time with Jean Paul Richter, Schiller, and Goethe; and widens at once the gap which separates us from Lamb, Byron, Hood, Hazlitt, Coleridge, and the other literary celebrities of our own country who graced the early annals of the nineteenth century. He died but Saturday in that quiet little Chelsea. street, apart from the world of wealth, and rank, and fashion; yet so potent was the spell of his genius, and so widespread his fame as translator, critic, biographer, and historian, that wide as the in- fluence of English and German literature reaches, his death is already deplored as a common loss. Journals specially devoted to literature will give this extraordinary writer and hie books the extended notice their subscribers expect. We only place before our readers the par-tic ulna we think will be of general interest. Thomas Carlyle was born in 1795 at Mid- dlebie, near the hamlet of Eeclefechan in Dumfriesshire, in the south of Scotland. Not far distant on the border is Gretna Green, at that time and for long after famous for its runaway marriages. His father for years followed the calling of a mason in that dis- trict, but afterwards became a farmer. He was twice married. His first wife did notlive long. and left but one son. the father of Dr. Carlyle, now connected with the Ontario Educational Department. By the second wife there were nine children. Of these Thomas was the eldest, and Mrs. Hanning who has for many years lived, and still lives, in this city, is the youngest. Thomas Carlyle received his earliest instruction at home and at the parochial school of the adjacent parish of Hoddam. Afterwards he went for a short time to what was then called the academy at Arman near by, and at last to the University at Edinburgh. It was at Arman he first met the afterwards celebrated Edward Irving, who was born there, ordained for the ministry there, and who also had attended the Arman academy. Irving, who was about three years older than Carlyle, had then been for some time at the Edinburgh University, and had returned to pay a visit to his old teacher at Annan. The young men became intimate friends, and the results of the friendship to Carlyle were deep andl asting. Twenty-six years after, when Irving was just dead, Carlyle thus described in Frazer's Magazine their first meeting : “ He was fresh from Edinburgh, with college 1 “ prizes, high character and promise. We “ heard of famed professors, of high matters " classical, mathematical, a whole wonderland “ of knowledge. But for Irving I had never “ known what the communion of man with ‘5 main means. His was the freest, brother- “ liest, bravest human soul mine ever came in “ contact with." Crrlyle’s parents destined him, too, for the Christian ministry, and to dar1y_out this may: MWH“ “ t; p. 'I'IAd__inb}1!.‘8h:‘ tinguished .. for. ’Eim‘raficmrmww matics. and for the avidity with which be prosecuted the study of authors, both Eng- lish and foreign, not included in the Uni- versity course. After leaving college he relinquished the idea of entering the ministry. Then. as after, he appears to have regarded professions as mere “regimented hugnan pursuits, which “stumble along in such an unwielrlly futile “manner, with legs swollen into such enur- “ mous elephantiaeis, and no go at all in “ them.” So he became private tutor to two sons of Mr. Charles Buller, and went to Corn- wall, Where that family resided. Young Charles Bullet was a gentleman of great ability and force of character. He became a. distinguished politician, and as secretary to Lord Durham played a. leading part in Cann- diun affairs. Lord Durham’s celebrated re- port, which has been credited with opening a. new era for Canada and changing the whole colonial policy of England, was written by him. The Bullere undoubtedly exercised, at a critical time, great influence over the developing genius of the young tutor. Bullet had a circle olfrlends, including Fred- eric Maurice, French, John Kemble, Sped- ding, Milnes, John Sterling, John Stuart Mill and others, into which Carlyle entered, and some of these became his most intimate and lifelong friends. Meanwhile his friend Irving. on the re- commendation of Professor Leslie, had been appointed mathematical teacher to an academy at Haddington, and Carlyle went there to visit his friend. While staying at Haddington Irving introduced him to a Miss Welch, who was alineal descendant of John Knox, and a young lady of grace and refine- ment. Carlyle ascertained during their con- versation that Cowper was Miss Welch's fa- vorite author, and after his return home he sent her a copy of the works of that poet. A correspondence sprang up between them, which ended in marriage. Through her affection for him, her sympathetic interest in his work, arm her exquisite taste, she was truly the helpmate of his life. and her sud- den and unexpected death a few years since was‘a shock from which he never recovered. From his early youth. in writing to his sister. Mrs. Hanning, he was accustomed to put in a small flourish in the corner of the envelopes of his letters, and the wrappers of his news- papers which denoted all was well with him, but after the death of his wife the often looked for, well known, mark was never again to be found. The success of his friend Irving in obtain- ing a position as teacher of mathematics, and his own predilection for that branch of know- ledge led him to translate Legendre’s Geo- metry to which he prefixed an " Essay on Proportion.” This was his first work. One finds it difficult to realize that so brilliant an adopt in the gay science of literary criticism, should have first employed his pen on the science which lies at the opposite pole of the sphere of knowledge. And it is no less strange to think of Irving as a teacher of mathe matics. That Carlyle, however, had a genuine love for mathematics may be seen by his frequent after use in favorite subjects of similes drawn from various branches of that science. In his beautiful essay on Burns, take. for instance. his guide to a correct esti- mate of that poet’s faults : “ Not the few “ inches of deflection which are so easily mea- “ sured, but the ratio of these to the whole “ diameter constitutes the real aberration. "' And it makes all the difference whether the “ orbit be comparable to that of the solar sys- “ tern or merely to the path of a gin horse with “ a diameter of only ten paces,” or again : “ The fraction of life can be increased in “ value not so much by increasing your numer- “ ator as by lessening your denominator. “ Nay, unless my algebra deceive me unity it- “ self divided by zero will give infinity.” Or take again the assertion he threw like a red hot shot into the camp of his ultra orthodox radical friends: “ He had no faith in the “ best possible solution of the problem : given, DEATH OF THOMAS CARLYLE. {he Arman 1162i? imam he. dis- But the study of German literature was his favorite pursuit, indeed his early and life- long passlon. By 1824 he had published his translation of Goethe’s “ Wilhelm Meister's Apprencliceship." and a good part of the “ Life of Schiller.” had appeared in the Lou- den Magazine. About this time,in conjunction with one of his brothers, he rented from a General Sharp a farm close to that occupied by his father. This was done with a. view to his marriage with Miss Weloh. As his landlord failed to keep faith with him, and, moreover. wrote him some stupid impertinent letters, the farm was given up at the end of the year. This. however,mede no change in his engage- ment With Miss Welch, to whom he was man'- ried in 1827. when he went to live in Edin- burgh. “ a. world of knaves to produée honesty from “ their united action.” They did not reside long in Edinburgh, but withdrew to Craigenputtoch and settled down on a tract of land there of some seven hundred acres, only a part of which was culti- vated. This favorite place Mr. Carlyle held till his death. For some time it has been oc- cupied by one of his nephews. Goethe, whose attention had been drawn to the translation of his “Meister,”and who was delighted by the profound knowledge of German literature on the part of a foreigner evinced by the life of Schiller, wrote in 1828 to Carlyle, making friendly inquiries respecting his place of resi- dence and his calling in life. Here is the characteristic, charming answer his letter elicited. As will be seen it strikes the key note of the whole strain of Garlyle’s life : “ Our dwelling place is fifteen miles from ” Dumfries, between the granite mountains “ and the black moorlands which stretch “ westward through Galloway almost to the "' Irish Sea. In this wilderness of heath and “ rock our possession stands out like a green “ oasis, a. patch of partly farmed, partly “ ienced cultivated ground, where corn ripens “ and trees vouchsafe their shade, though its “ surroundings are given up to the sea gulls “ and to course wooled sheep. Here, with no “ little efiort, have we built and furnished us “ a tidy, substantial house : here we reside “ devoid of any academic or other public posi- “ tion, to follow literary pursuits and to de- “ vote ourselves to them according to our “ strength. We long for our rose bushes and “ shrubs to grow pleasantly around us, and “ hope to acquire health and a contented “ mind. Some of the roses are indeed yet “ to plant, but for all that, they blossom al- “ ready in hope. “ Two little cobs which carry us around ” everywhere, and the mountain air, are the “ best doctors for weak nerves. This daily “ exercise, to which I am much given, is my “ only diversion, as this is the loneliest cor- “ nor in Britain, and is six miles from any- “ one who can pay me a visit. Rousseau “ could enjoy himself as well here as if on “ his Island of St. Pierre. u ‘PFren Wflfii‘mfitm “ news Epers and magazines, whatever they “ maybe worth. heaped up on the table of “ my ylit/516 library? “ Not 18 there any lack here of antiquarian “ studies. From several of our heights I can " discern, scarcely a. day’s journey westward, “ the mound which remains from the encamp- “ ment of Agricola and his Romans, at the “foot of which I was born. and where my “ father and mother-still live to love me." In 1827 he had published his “ Specimens of German Romance,” including the Stumme Lzebe of Musmus. sud stories from La. Motto Fouque, Tieck. Hofiman, Jean Paul Richter and Goethe. At Craigenputtock he also wrote the essays on Richter, German litera- ture and that on Burns, besides minor arti- cles for the reviews. These mve him rank amongst the most earnest thinkers and elo- quent writers of the age. There he also wrote “ Sartor Ressrtus,” which Mill calls his best and grandest, and which many de- nounce as his worst book, but which all agree is the one most strongly marked by his pecu- liarities of thought and style. Even its harshest critics admit it contains passages of satire, humor, poetic description and pro« found thought of superlative excellence. In 1834 he went to London, and continued to live in the lame suburban residence at Chelsea till his death. In 1837 he brought out the “French Revolution, 9. History.” A mass of necessary materials for this history was presented to him by Mill, who intended to write a history of this period himself, till he found the friend whose genius he so much admired was about to undertake the work. Mr. Mill also wrote for the Westminster Review an appreciative ar- ticle on this history immediately it came from the press, which contributed to give it at once a popularity equal to its merit. It is a. series of lurid pictures exquisitely finished by'a master hand, of the great events of the French Revolution. The first volume, when nearly ready to go to press, was burned, and all the work had to be gone over agein. - From 1837 to 1840, at the instigation of his friends, he delivered several courses of lectures, of which those on “Heroes and Hero Worship ” are best known. Carlyle was not an orator. His burning words came with a more scathing power from his pen than from his tongue. That these lemures had however a marked effect may be seen from an entry Mecready, the great tra- gedian, made in his diary under date of May 8th, 1840: " Attended Carlyle’ 5 lecture, ‘ the Hero as “ Prop hetâ€"Mahomet.’ on which he descanted “ with a fervor and eloquence that only a con- “ viction of truth could give. I was charmed, “ carried away by him. Met Browning there.” In 1839 his "Cbartism" came out. This is the work in which he first skirted the region of practical politics. He published next “ Past and Present.” which is a. clever eon- trnst of the mediwval life of eastern England, when the monks of Bury St. Edmunds had full away, with the modern life 01 an Eng- lish manufacturing town. Carlyle told John Sterling it was his des- tiny to write about Cromwell. and in 1845 the “Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell ” appeared. The character of the leader of i-‘t‘hé fellows who sought the Lord by the light of their own pistol- shots ” could not fagil to please the author of “Heroes and Hero- Worship.” In 1850 appeared the “ Latterday Pam- phlets,” and in 1851 the “ Life of John Ster- ling,” Whom he well knew. whose character was noble in its simplicity, and who stands portrayed with most scrupulous fidelity. A He worked assiduously for years on his “Life of Frederick the Great.” the first installment of which was published in 1858, but which was completed but a, few years ago. This is too well known to need comment. Counsel to the students of the Edinburgh University, papers on the old Norseman and a few fugitive pieces complete the remarkable “ My city friends in fact attribute niy retreat here to a similar disposition, and predict for me no good; but I was drawn here by the sole object of keeping simple my mode of life and attaining an independence by which] might remain true to myself. This plot of earth is ours. Here can we live, write and think as seems best to us, even should Zeilua himself be- come king of literature. , , ., . “ Andpur loneliness of siégntio'n 'doee ,: not so much matter after all 'ngle stage' MFH'IE .59: E WHOLE N0. 1,177.â€"NO, 37. Lab list of books which dying {nearly two gener- atipps have proceedled froii: his fien. Chapman .5: Hall. London, “published a collected edition of his works in 1857-8, and' also a. cheap edition in 1874. Some years ago a collection of his essays was made by his friend. Ralph Waldo Emer- son. and published in the United States. Be’ tween these kindred spirits an intimate oom- munion was maintained for years. and al- most the last words the writer of this heard Carlyle utter, [our years ago, were words of regret that the incurable infirmity, called old age, forced him to almost iiscontinue th. grateful correspondence he had so long kept up with Mr. Emerson. In appearance Carlyle was of medium height, rather sparely but compactly built, and to an advanced age he retained a healthy glow of color in his cheek, and a. brilliant, deep. penetrating flash in his eye. His life needs ‘ no apology for the vagaries which sometimes mat the lives of men of genius. I: was simple as that of a child, pure as that of a, vestal. Now that he is dead many appreciative readers, who have been quickened by his vigor and enchanted by his magic power, will sound his praise ; and many a pen will set forth his merit, but we venture to think no words will more faithfully describe his char- acter and worth, than those he himsell wrote more than half a century ago respecting the men after his own heart, Jean Paul Richter : “ Independently of all dogmas, nay, perhaps ” in spite of many, he is in the highest sense “ of the term religious. A reverence, not a sell “ interested fear, but anoble reverence for the “ spirit of all goodness, forms the crown and “ glory of his culture. An intense and con- “ tinual faith in man’s immortality and na- “ tive grandeur accompanies him; from mid “ the vortices of life he looks up to aheaven- “ 1y loadstar ; the solution of what is visible ” and transient he finds in what is invisible “ and eternal. “ There is in him that which will not die ; " that beauty and earnestness of soul. that “ spirit of humanity, of love and mild wis- " dom, over which the vicissitudes of mode “ have no sway. “ In the moral desert of vulgar literature ” with its sandy wastes, and parched, bitter. “ and too often poisonous shrubs, the writ- ” ings of this man will rise in their irregular “ luxuriance. like a cluster of date trees, “ with its green sward and well of water, to “ refresh the pilgrim in the sultry solitude “ with nourishment and shade.” -â€"Austria has a. petroleum region one-eighth the size of that of the United States. â€"Lady Lisgnr. widow of the late Governor- Genernl of Canada,’ 13 among the Boyo‘otted. â€"Lord Wentworth, Byron's grandson, is very attractive in appearance and manner. â€"“It's an ill wind blows nobody good." was the remark of one of Hamilton's prom- inent carriage makers, when he had just re- ceived two cutters completely demoralizod to repair: .K..." - .1" 1-. -â€"Father Michael O’Reilly. pastor of St Golumbkilla Church, Carondelet, has sued the St. Louis Globe-Democrat for $50,000 dam- ages for printing a story of an alleged fight between thelnriest and a. carpenter. in which profane and indecent language is ascribed to Father 0’Reilly._ _ _ â€"â€"The Big ht Hon. Josop h Chamberlain re- ceived aletter from Dublin, m an educated hand, threatening him with death on the part of “our loyalVehmgerioht” it he opposed the Coercoin bill. â€"â€"An exhilarating new thing in toy! is a miniature hearse, drawn by four prancing horses, and a. little coflin with a doll inside. surrounded byn. group of mourning dolls. Next we shall have a gallows and a. guillo- â€"Emperor William is now growing thin in his body, and his legs have diminished in rotundxty; his military coats are thickly £411“. and; his trousers an? out very ’. Asulwmgw streagtluymdeaflx 'EWaMTarc- .. in mm “Porsifnl.” His disti hed friend. the King of Bavaria, has orde \ d the opera to be given for himself aloneâ€"a. pariormsnce in an empty house, as it. is his habit to orderâ€"3nd for this unusual pleasure he ofiers the sum of 300,000 marks, after which the public may be admitted. â€"That the Russian soldiers can be ani- mated by something more than solid bravery is shown by the interesting fact which Gen. Skobeloff recently mentioned, that twentyâ€" six men of the Iver regiment of dragoone. selected for the much coveted St. George's Cross, ofiered to forego these, that the gratui- ties secured thereby might be devoted to their wounded comrades. â€"In a paper on the cost of the Franco- German War M. de Foyille estimates that the German loss was: Killed on the field, 16, - 673 ; died from wounds, 11,516 ; died of dis- ease, 12,301 ; missing, 4,009 ; total. 46.499. The wounded amounted to 127,867. 011 the French side the number of dead from all causes was 138, 871 and the wounded amounted to 143 066. In addition, the cost in money 13 estimated at £600, 000, 000. â€"The annual mass for Napoleon III. was solemnized at St. Augustine’s, in Paris, on Jan. 14. Prince Murat was the only kinsmnn present, and the newspaper claiming to be Prince Napoleon’s organ had condemned the demonstration. M. Rouher. M. d. Oasngnao and many other leading Bonapartists were present, but the rank and file was sonntier than usual, the police force appearing absurd- ly in excess of requirements. A woman lell- ing violets was arrested for crying “ WW I l’Empanur." â€"It. is remarkable that the working classes of Germany have taken little part in the nntiJewieh agitation. At a stormy meeting in Berlin the other day, in which the Jews were denounced as a. people “ unfit to mix with other races,” 2. workman had the cour- age to state that “ after seventeen years hard work in Berlin, although a. Christian himseli his experience was that Jewish employers had, as a rule. treated him far better than his oo-religionists." He accordingly proposed a resolution “ in favor of religious liberty." The result was that the meeting hissed and turned him out. â€"In a paper read before the Horticultural Society of California, Mrs. Hittel of San Francisco stated that investigation has en- tirely satisfied her that the ehinquapin. grow- ing on the California mountains, will teed the Wild Chinese silk worm, which is a much more prolific insect than the domesticated. In China it is raised in the open air, iced! itself in the plantation, reproduces several times a year, does not cut its cocoon upon emerging, but, with seeming intelligence. pushes the thread aside. so as to admit of its exit without cutting and thus leaves the cocoon uninjured and in good order for real- ing. Some years ago silk culture was started in California. but fell into decadence, and eflorts are now to be made to resuscitate the industrv. -â€"The Evangelical Herald, a leading or- thodox religious journal of Germany, thus speaks of the movement against the Jews in that country . “The old religious hatred against the Jews 15 not yet dead. Where it bursts forth anew, let it not shelter itself be- hind the name of Christianity, which has given birth to liberty of conscience and toler- ance. We have witnessed assemblages re- cently that called themselves Christians, where the violence of the fist was invested with the title of Christianity. Let us see to it, we who know what living Christianity, faith and love in Jesus Christ truly are, that it may not also be said of us: ‘For your sake is the name of God blasphemed among the heathen.’ ” The paper discusses Chaplain Stoecker at length, and denounces him tor arousing class and race prejudice, and de- grading the name of religion for demagogig ends. AROUND THE WORLD.