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W BEATmAMtn WREOKED. W Arrival of the Passengers of the Amsterdam. THREE OF THEMLOSE THEIR LIVES A [Graphic Description of the Disaster. A Halifax despatch says the Governâ€" ment steamer Newfield arrived last night from Sable Island with 230 passengers and crew of the steamer Amsterdam, which had been mocked last Wednesday night on a sand bar, fifteen miles distant from the 'Island, while on her passage from Amster- dam for New York. The only officer who came up by the Newfield from the wreck was the mats. Captain Lucas,rof the ill- fated ship, and the remainder staying at the scene. screw or run DISASTER, From the third ( fficer and passengers of the Amsterdam the following story of the disaster was elicited: 'l'he steamer sailed VOL. XXV'II. I "We _ SIIOT THROUGH THE BLINDS. and llits a Young Girl. A New York despatch says : Two pistol shots awakened William H. Revere, of 208 from Amaterdam on Saturday, EEBb.112th street, at 3 o‘clock yesterday 19th, with two ibundred and twelve mormng- He threw up his window and steel-age and twexve cabin pisgen- looked out into thestreerclisteningintently. gers and a crew- of fifty-four men. Five minutes later a girl cams wavering along the sidewalk below him. He watched her and saw her stop in front of the house at 206. He dressed himself and went down to the street. The girl lay senseless on the stone flagging, and blood flowed from a bullet wound in her right temple. Police~ man Boyle ran up at this moment and Revere left the girl in his care, and he hurried to the 106th street station of the Third avenue elevated railroad and telegraphed to the Ninety-ninth Street Hospital for an ambulance. A group of people quickly gathered around the wounded girl. While they were watching her a large man with handsome features walked past them without speaking and hurried to the 1261b street police station. “ I am John W. Funk, of 224 East112th street," the man raid to Sergeant Reynolds. “ I think I have shot a girl, and, if neces- sary, I want to give myself up. I am col- lector for George Ehret, the brewer, of East 92nd street,” he continued, “and often I have large amounts of money in my house. The many burglaries com- mitted in Harlem lately have made me cautious. After the robbers broke into the house of my next-door neighbor, John Shir- ley, I bought a pistol. Last night, as usual, before going to bed I laid the weapon on a table beside me, and left the gas burn- ing low. About 3 o’clock this morning my wife and I were awakened by the barking of my small terrier dog. I got out of bed, grabbed up the pistol and listened. I heard a noise on the front porch, and opened the parlor door. Afront window was part way up, and I thought I saw a crouched form through the slats of the blinds. I could not tell whether the object wasaman or a woman. Presently the slats moved, and I fired. Nothing stirred and I fired again. No sound followed the shot, and I crawled back into bed. I lay a while, but finally I obeyed my wife, and got up and dressed. I went out on the front porch, which is overgrown with vines, and down the high front steps, and into the basement area way. Nobody was visible about the house, and I walked out into the road. Up the street I saw some policemen bending over a woman. I saw blood on the woman’s face. I did not stop to speak with the men,but hurried here to tell what I had done." Sergeant Reynolds told Mr. Funk that he would have to look him up. Mr, Shirley, Funk’s neighbor, followed Funk to the sta- tion, and told the Sergeant he ought to let Funk go on his own recognizance. Meanwhile the girl was taken to the Ninety-ninth Street Hospital. She had been recognized by the police as Louisa Hultzman, 19 years old, of 303 East 111th street. They said she was known in Her- lem by the name of Frenchy. . . In the Harlem police court yesterday Funk was arraigned on the charge of felo- nious assault preferred by Policeman Boylee. Dr. T. H. Weldon, of the hos- pital, sent a certificate to the court saying that the girl was in a very dangerous condi- tion and might die at any moment. George Ehret, Funk’s employer, and Nelson Craw- ford, areal estate dealer in 125th street, offered to furnish bail for the prisoner, but Justice Welds refused to accept it, and committed Funk to await the result of the girl’s injuries. Mr. Funk’s lawyer requested him to make no statement to reporters. The mother of Louisa Hultzman went to the 126th street station yesterday forenoon. She said her daughter had been living some time in the service of Mrs. Smith, of 1,971 Third avenue, but on Monday left work, whether voluntarily or because she was turned away she did not know. She re- turned to her home, her mother said, and er father put her out of doors. Mr. John Shirley told a reporter that he heard the shots and met Mr. Funk on his porch. Mr. Funk told him, he said, that he had himself raised the window and fired at the object when it was only a few feet distant. __â€"..+â€"_ SUNSHINE AND THE CROPS The weather'was unusually foggy for the season during the run across, there being but two clear days, and the sea also was rough. On the day before the occurrence : of the disaster the sky was clear and the captain obtained good observations. Next morning, however, broke thick, and the weather continued foggy throughout the day with the exception of one short period. About fifteen minutes to 10 the ship sud- denly grounded on an unseen bar. Noland or light-house was visible in any direction, and,'as'it was afterwards discovered, the island was fifteen miles distant, the steamer when she struck being some 35 miles out of her course. The shock on striking was a very slight one, but caused great exciter ment on the crowded vessel, the passengers becoming greatly excited, and requiring all the exertions of Captain Lucas and his officers to dispel their fears. The command was given t) open the batches and jet- tison the cargo, which was commenced at once, and a number of the passengers joined in and assisted the crew. This continued until noon the following day, but, though no water had yet shown below, without success. At that hour, the com- mander cf the ship finding his efforts unavailing, ordered the boats to be got in readiness for launching. The weather becoming clear enough for those on board to make out the land, which was observed to thevsouthwsst. No water began to enter the hold until about 6 o'clock, when the night being favorable as far as the weather was concerned, though the sea was very rough, the captain decided to lowar the boats. All on beard were crowded lit) six small cralti and headed for the shore. The first reached the beach without accident at 3 o’clock in the morning. The second one, however, was not so fortunate, being swamped just as she was about grounding safely. Three men on card her, two steerege passengerS, one. of [them named Dix, and a fireman belonging to the steamer, were drowned, but the rest were picked up by the other boots or dragged ashore. The accommodation prcâ€" vided for the shipwrecked people by those on the island is described as very poor and inadequate. After landing. withouthaving eaten anything for two days, they were compelled to sit some hours before prc. visions 'coul eohtained from the main station, fifteen miles away. The weather continued moderate the succeeding days, and Captain Lucas and his officers were able to rrvisit the Amsterdam on several occasions to obtain efforts from on board, but they found the water rising and filling in her hold, and satisfied themselves there would be no hope of saving her. The names of the cabin passengers on board the steamer were: Constantine Ludurg, wife and three children and ser- vant ; Rev. Father Cursamine, Mr. Ulders, Mr. Fahrenwaldt and wife, Mr. Opfinger and wife. The only name that can be ascertained of the three men lost is that of Dix. The steamer Amsterdam was named by the Netherland American Steam Naviga- tion 'Compiny, and was 'five years old having been built at Dumbarton. She was of 2,005 tons register, 8,000 gross, and her dimensions were: Length. 321 feet, breadth 38 feet, depth of hold 31% feet. AHalifax,N. S., despatch says: The Government steamer N‘ewfield arrived at Sable Island, the scene of the wreck of the steamer Amsterdam yesterday, and the work of salvage will be begun at once. A telegram for the New York agent of the line says that nearly all .the Amsterdam's cargo was jettisoned. He asserts that the vessel cost from £50,000 to £00,000, and that she will not be a total wreck. The scenes at the Immigrati .n Sheds last night have been most pltiable. The scores of men, women and children of all ages and sizes, huddled together upon bare floors for v.yvo successive nights, vainly endeavoring 0 seek refreshing repose, presented a touching spectacle. There being no so. commodation other than the naked boards, detained immigrants are exposed to great privations and sufleiings. An interview with Constantine Ludwig, a New York re- presentative of several German houses, who, with his wife and children, were cabin pas- sengers, elicited some strange facts about his experience at the scene of the disaster. “ When the steerage passengers were landed on the island," he said, " they were found in possession of much valuable jewel- lery and clothing, which they obtained by breaking into the cabin and rifling bag- gage. For the victims to complain or demand their own would only have been to precipitate mutiny, so everything was given up. The captain was utterly power- less, and was in no way to blame for the calamity. The officials on the island were also very tardy rendering assistance. They admitted it was nearly twenty-four hours after they saw our signals before their life- boat arrived. If a storm instead of a calm A Very Interesting Piece by the New Editor. There can be no doubt that the singular excellence of this year's wheat in Michigan is to some appreciable degree owing to the unusual prevalence of sunny days while the crop is growing. It would be safe to go a step further and say that the quality of grainâ€"the plumpness and sweetness of the berryâ€"is always and everywhere largely dependent upon the number of hours that the sun shines upon it. ' Fruit crops of all kinds are peculiarly affected by the direct rays of the sun. No good strawberry can be ripened in cloudy weather. Its flavor is made up of sun- shine. An apple which happens to hang in the shade of a cluster of leaves is almost worthless. A leaf resting upon it marks a space void of color, without any flavor within. Grapes require a high tom- bad prevailed I do not believe one of all on perature for perfect growth and bound would have be“? Smell The Enamel. ripening. as any one who has been requires thorough investigation in the to Put in Bay and the neighboring interest of humanity. When they did land, the addition of 250 souls to the popu- lation of the island caused a scarcity of pro- visions at the various stations. When this was learned the crew of the life boats were sent to the wreck for provisions, but came back drunk, and remained in that condition till after the passengers and crew were taken off the island by the Newfield. While Captain Lucas was to the ship trying to save the small luggage. they prepared supper for him, but a party of island officials came and stole all the food we had. Next day complaint of this was made to the Govern- ment. Two days afterwards two young men, members of the lifeboat crew, came to me asking if 1 had complained, and threatened that they would kill the man who made the complaint. They swore that he would never leave the island. When they said this they were perfectly sober. Part of the Amsterdam’s crew united with the island officials in stealing the liquor and provisions landed. Captain Lucas and part of his men are still on the island, but how they will fare among the liquor-crazed islanders no one can tell.” islands the latter part of the summer can testify ; but the grape crop of 1875 in France was much inferior to that of the succeed- ing years, although the temperature was higher. A study of the meteorological phenomena of 1875, 1876 and 1877 failed to show any reason for the inferiority of the vintage of 1875 except that during that season the number of hours of sunshine was much less than in the following seasons. The clear, sunny weather which so largely prevails in Michigan is to be credited with 3. great influence in the production of grain and fruit of such excellent quality. In most parts of the State fogs and mists are a rarity. Perhaps there is not another city in the country so free from vapors as Detroit. Strangers coming here notice the clearness of the air and the high average of sunny days in the course of a season. With all the blessings that can come upon us in the way of weather, there is after all nothing like the light of the sun to cover the earth with the fruitage of beauty and plentyâ€"Detroit Post. Dividing the Baggage. ‘5 My son}? said a Boston man the other morning, as the milkman’s boy entered just at breakfast time with the daily sup- ply of milk; “ my son, I have noticed a singular appearance about the milk recently. It appears to be covered with a thick yellow substance after it has stood They were going ed on a journey. “Which shall I carry," he askedâ€"“the baby or the dog ‘2” “You had better carry the baby,” she replied, ” and I will take charge of Beauty, dear little follow. I wouldn’t have any- thing happsn to him for the world.”â€"New for some time. Can you explain this phs- York Sun. nomenon?" “ ’Taint no fenomenonâ€"it’s cream, sir,” said the boy; “ that's all the During July the British impel“ best of the milk, sir.”â€" Boston Globe. I One of Gov. Cleveland’s sisters has been a missionary in Ceylon for thirty years. decreased £117,000 compared with the same month last year. The experts decreased £1,200,000. THE CORN\VALL CASE. fur. Funk Fires at n Supposed Burglar The Prisoners Charged with the Oflence -â€"ls F rcizcli Insane ? A Dublin cablcgram says : There was a dramatic and unique scene at the Court of Queen’s Bench yesterday morning, when George C. Cornwall, James E. French, Dr. Fernandes, James Pillar, Charles Little, Capt. Klrwan and Malcolm Johnson were called up to plead to the indictment charg- ing them with unnatural offences. The prisoners had been arrested separately, and met for the first time since their incarcera- tion in the felon’s dock. Their manner exhibited a marked con- trast. Cornwall maintained the utmost self-possession. He seemed cool, calm and collected, and had a smile on his face. He was dressed with scrupulous care, and his gray moustache was carefully waxed and twisted. He bowed to the judge, and his carriage throughout was that of a man thoroughly at ease. James Pillar seemed utterly unnerved. His face was pale and his lipi colorlest and tre- mulous. He stood Wllll difficulty and with his head bowed down. French had all the outward appearance of a lunatic. His hair was unkempt, his beard urs‘..;xved, his eyes wild and his mouth drivelling. It is said by the Parnellites that in these appear- ances the prisoner was shamming to avoid the consequences of his crime. The indict- ment was read. It not only charged the prisoners with specific acts of crime on pait oular occasions, but also with con- spiracy to commit the same With others not in custody. When called upon to plead t) the indictment, all the prisoners pleaded not guilty, except French,- who appeared quite unconscious of the scene going on around him. Finding it was impossible to obtain any answer from him, it was moved that the medical experts engaged in the case should have further Opportunity of considering their decision as to his sanity and counsel re- quested that the trial be postponed for some days, in order that during the in- terval French might be closely watched and a clear medical certificate given of his sanity or insanity. The court granted the motion and the trial was adjourned until the 195h inst. In the meantime French will be carefully watched by the doctors in the case, and if they conclude that he is shamming, the court will order a plea of not guilty to be'entered in his name. With a view to the protection of the public morality, having regard to the horrible nature of the details of the case, the court will probably sit in camera, and neither the press nor the public will be admitted. W A THIEF IN A COFFIN. Novel Plot of n. Band or Mexicans to Role :1 Cathedral. The City of Mexwo, the scene of many peculiar crimes, is just now agog ever the performances of a thief, which are gener- ally admitted to surpass anything on record. A few days ago several men went to the priest in charge of the Santa Cruz Church in this city emf-asked permission to hold funeral services over the remains of a deceased friend at 4o'clock the next morn- ing. The priest gave his permission, agreeing to be present. The men then said they would like to leave the corps in the church over night, and to this the clergyman also assented. Some time after dark the men appeared at the church bearing acofi‘iu, which they carried up the main line and deposited in front of the altar. About midnight the sacristan was awakened by the barking of his dogs, and feeling that something must be wrong be dressed hastily and stepped from his room into the chancel. A dim light was burning near the altar, by means of which he could see a figure moving slowly on the other side of the channel. Making up his mind that robbers were in the church he ran quickly to his room for a pistol, and then made a search of the church. No one wastobe seen. On the altar he found everything safe, but when he came to examine the images of the saints he soon saw that the ccstlyjcwcls with which they had been ornamented were gone. He then redoubled his efforts to find the thief, but after half an hour passed in searching every nook of the great edifice he was more mystified than ever. Just before be determined to give the alarm he thought of the corpse lying down below the channel rail in the shadow, and the idea came to him that perhaps there might be something wrong about it. Lighting a candle he stepped softly to the bier and peered into the face of the supposed dead man. As he looked he noticed that the eyelids of the " corpse" tw1tched nervously under the light, and at the same instant his own eyes fell on so no of the glittering jewels which lay has (16 the man in the coflin. Overjoyed at finding the thief, the semis- tau thrust his revolver into the face of the “ corpse” and ordered him to get out. The cold steel on the man’s forehead convinced him that the order must be obeyed, and a most extraordinary resurrection took place then and there. When the man had gained his feet the sacristan, still covering him with his pistol, gathered up the jewels and then marched the culprit to the priest’s house, where he was turned over to the policeâ€"Mexico Despatch. Two Natural “’ourlers. The Sandwich Islands boast natural-wonders, the largest extinct and the largest active volcano in the world. The former is located on the Island of Maui, the summit being nearly 11,000 feet above the level of the sea, and the crater over 48 miles in circumference. One can look down into the crater 2,000 feet, the sides now terraced and covered with scan- dal-wood, giant ferns and a wonderful profusion of tropical flowers and shrubs. The active volcano is situated in the Island of Hawaii. The crater is on a spur of Manual. Loa, 4,000 feet above sea level. The crater is not a cone, but a great pit on a level bench, nine miles in circumference. You go down, down over this almost per- pendicular wall of 800 feet, and stand on the floor of the crater. This is the place of eternal burnings, the house of ever- lasting fire of Hawaiian mythology. The area at the bottom of the crater is not a. liquid mass, but for miles and miles all around there spreads a. scene of unearthly grandeur. Five or six lakes of fire lie to the left and right; the floor beneath is so hot one can scarcely walk over it; lava oozes up through the fissures. Huge cones 20 or 30 feet high, made by bubbles of lava, rise through the seams and are cooled by the air. _._._.___..~-. M. Pasteur has been voted 60,000 francs by the French Chamber to enable him to continue his researches on hydrophobia. Count Herbert von Bismarck has been appointed Minister to The Hague. The appointment is exciting considerable com- ment, on account of the annexing proclivi- ties of Germany and extinction of the male heirs to the crown of the Netherlands. of two ‘ Journey in Palestine to the Site of Amient Hebron. .....__o_ __. Difficulties in [he “'ny of Billingâ€"Sonic Apochryphiil liocnllonsâ€"A Dcsoliue linud-lnucccssibillly of the Supposed Spot of the Patriarch Abi'nhnm’n Burialâ€"A Sacred Place. A person hardly wants to climb the great pyramid or journey to Hebron, if he is in search of a pleasure excursion, says a letter from chrou to the Salt Lake Tribune. Only courageous travellers, who are deter- mined to see the Holy Land thoroughly, and not often ladies at that, endure the tedious jolting for twenty-four miles and back in order to see where the cave of Machpelah is, without seeing the cave. For this very reason, however, a letter from this very ancient city ought to be doubly interesting. At half-past 2 o‘clock one May morning Mr. Floyd and I ate our breakfast at the Hotel Feil in Jerusalem, and half an hour latter were in the saddle, With our faces set toward Mamie. The night air was quite raw, and I was glad to pull the carpet out of the saddle bag and wrap it around me. It was well to start thus early, how- ever, for if we were now shivering under the burden of extra clothing, we would soon be panting under the vertical rays of a tropical sun. We were fortunate in hav- ing Mr. Floyd's own horses, magnificent animals, almost too spirited, but as brave and sure footed as any horses ever were. Inexperisnced rearw‘must not think of an American horse in this connection. No American horse mold be induced to perform the feats that our faith- ful beasts were continually required to perform. Now for a mile the trail lay over huge boulders, amongst which the horses picked their way with mysterious ease. Now flat, slippery rccks lay in our course . Anon we demanded stecps that made me shudder, and anon urged our horses up ascents so precipitous that we had to wreaths both hands in the horses' manes and hold on for dear life ; as, should the belly girths burst, the saddles would surely fall off behind. More than once did I actually decline for the moment to follow where Mr. Floyd led,so impossible did it seem to force a passage through. But the worst riding of all was over smooth, . round stones, about the size of a coceanut l each ; and not a little of the road was thus paved. At such times one depreciates the dangers of travel by rail and by sea, which are relatively as nothing. We first descended into the valley of Gihon, crossing near the lower pool of the same name, where Solomon was anointed king. We then skirted the hill of Evil Counsel. To the right were the twenty- five substantial stone houses and hospital of the Jerusalem Gernan colony. To the left, on the summit of. the hill, was an old ruin, said to mark ihe.site of Caiaphas’ country house wherd'tne J'ews tack counsel together that they might “take Jesus by subtlety and kill him.” Ido not under- stand that this means that palace of the high priest to which Jesus was led imme- diately after he had been seized as a male- fact or, and where Peter disavowed his dis- cipleship in a fit of weakness. That palace manifestly stood on Zion near the Cocoa- culum and tomb of David, somewhere near the ruin which is to day pointed out as the place. Naturally the chief priests and scribes and elders of the people would select a more retired place for consultation over the nefarious business in which they were about to engage. At any rate, that is the popular idea, and the bill has received its name from this tradltion. Beside this ruin stood a lonely, curiousshaped tree, which was pointed out to me as the tradi- tlonal tree upon which Judas hung him- self. As the tree appeared to be about twenty years old, I regard this as a highly probable supposition. Does not the second chapter of Alta state that it was in the Potter‘s Field that Judas suicided? Two miles further on we came to an old cistern, where, it is gravely averred, the star appeared the second time to the wise men who were hunting for the ltedeemer’s birthplace. You will see that all these biblical incidents have been endowed with realism by hoary-headed tradition, and that not a few embellishments have been added, the sole merit of which consists in their delicious originality. Taking the road to the right we were soon treading ground that had not only been trodden by Christ and the apostles but also by Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph David Solomon, Saul, Samuel, and most of the patriarchs and prophets of the Old Testa- ment. Fraught, indeed, it was with sacred associations. Over on the opposite side of the valley as we left Rachel’s tomb was the modern village of Beit-jela, the most attractive one I have yet seen in this country, a town of some 4,000 inhabitants, all Christians, and the majority Latin and Greek patdarchs. It is worthy of mention merely as being the Zslzah of 1st Samuel x. 2, and the Zelah of Joshua xviii. 28. Thither Saul was sent by Samuel after his remarkable anointment, with the assur ance that he should there receive informa- tion concerning his father‘s asses that had been lost. Amidst the present desolation there were traces of former prosperity. The ledges on the mountain sides were unquestion- ably the remains of terraces once culti- vated. The hills, which now look so sterile and rocky, were then doubtless covered with earth, which the rains of time have washed down into the valleys. Even where the land is cultivated today, it is choked with stones, despite the fact that in clearing it enough were removed to build the walls, ten feet thick, around the field; One would think it hard for seed to fall anywhere else except on stony ground in Palestine. The watch towers, near the few cultivated spots, also told that a crop or a vineyard are no safer to-day from the hands of vandals than in Bible times. " We paused to water our horses at a. point where the miserable train passed midway between two places of scriptural interest. These were the modern village of Hulhul, half a mile to the left, and the ruined tiwer of Beit Sur, about the same distance to the right. Hulhul represents the Halhul of Joshua xv. 58. It is a miserable vil- lage that clusters about a mosque on a lofty bill. I think it is the only village between Beit-jela and Hebron, a distance of twenty miles. Owing to its elevated position it was visible for many miles be- fore we reached it. The tower of Beit Sur unquestionably marks the site of the Beth Zur mentioned by Joshua ; and its name is manifestly a corruption of Beth Zur. It may be worthy of record that I have only seen one or two modern villages in the holy land that I did not at first take for uninhabited ruins. The tum- ble-down aspect of things is universal. Of course the cave of Macbpelah is the. THE GAVE 0F MAGHPELAH. than this same cave. conquering power, has opened the mosque of Omar, the Coenaculum and other bibli- cal places of interest that are in the hands of the Moslems; but this wonderful cave is forbidden to the infidel Frank, despite all solicitations. This is the more to be re- gretted, inasmuch as it is at once genuine, while Golgetha, the Bethlehem manger, Gethsemane and the rest are only approxi- mately or doubtfully known, and also boasts of an antiquity far out-dating the Christian era. In order to reach the place from this establishment we ride along a stony lane through vineyards for two miles, and then through the narrow and almost pitchy dark streets of Hebron for some ways further. The city has a population of nearly 10,000 inhabitants. The people are the most bigoted and intolerant in all Palestine, as their seclusive regard for the cave would indicate. We were repeatedly insulted on the streets in Arabic, and those Jews who deigned to confer with us were called dogs by the populace. The princi- pal husiness seemed to be the manufacture of rude glals trinkets and water skins. I invested a cent in glass rings and got enough to flood the market in Amelica when I get back. The cave is covered with a huge mosque 200 feet long by 115 bread. The founda- tion stones are some of them twenty feet long, and bear the ancient Jewish bevels. Two tall minarets make the mosque the most conspicuous feature of Hebron in dis- tant views of the town. I shallnot attempt to describe what I think no living Frank has inspected, the cave itself way down beneath even the basement. This is studiously guarded even from the indiscriminate gaze of Moslems. The accounts published from hearsay are confused and contradictory. Sooner or later Mohammedan fanaticism must yield, and then will there be some important revelations in the way of discov- ered antiquities? There are monuments of display which I believe some honored celebrities have been permitted to view; but that is exactly the satisfaction en- joyed by every pilgrim, the privilege of seeing where the caves are not. These nominal sspulchres were erected when the church, then called St. Abraham, was in the hands of the Franks. It is believed that there are two caves in reality, as the word Maohpelah means double, and that large numbers of Israelites have been here entombed. ' I always wonder, when I read that Abra- ham, Isaac and Jacob, with their wives, Sarah, Rebekah and Leah, are here buried. why it was that Jacob or some one else in the family didn’t see to it that Rachel‘s bones were also brought here to rest. Cer- tainly that touching story of J acob’s ardu- ous courtship would justify a feeling that Rachel should have been preferred above Leah. The Jews love the very dust about this spot, and repair to the stones in the vener- able walls to weep, chant, lament and deposit written Hebrew prayers in the deep seams between the rocks, just as they do at the famous wailing place in Jerusalem. I secured one of these prayers as a sour vault, and then passed around to the rear of the mosque to view some subterranean cavities above and around the real Mach- pelah. How characteristically Oriental was that negotiation between Abraham and the Hit- tites for the cave! Ephron protests against receiving anything, although all the while expecting liberal compensation; Abraham barters him out of his fictitious generosity; the trees, cave, and all things on the ground are separately specified in the deed; mediators were employed to conduct all the negotiations; and finally the contract is publicly sealed in the presence of all the people that went in at the gate of the city. The same thing in all its details might happen here to-day or to- morrow; and no other method would be viewed as orthodox. We went down to the lower pool of Hebron, every important town has its pool, and saw where David hanged the murderers of his rival Ishbosh- eth, 2 Samuel ii. Then we were in- vited to pay a backsheesh and go to see the red earth from which Adam was made, the precise spot where Cain slew Abel, the tombs of Abner and Jesse, and some other attractions of the same sort, at which our faith stumbled. The remaining attraction of Hebron is Abraham's oak. This curiosity is in the front yard of our sc-called convent. It is a gigantic, rambling tree, twenty-three feet in girth, and covering an area of ground ninety feet in diameter. The life has pretty much departed out of the main body of the tree, only the ends of the great branches being tipped with foliage. There are a few other small cake to be seen, but this is the only conspicuous reminder of what was doubtless once a forest. I picked some of the leaves, which are as eminently small as those of our own oaks are large. Doubt- less this oak has a very great antiquity, but I do not suppose it is the identical tree be- side which Abraham dwelt. If the site has been accurately marked it cannot be more than a scion of the original tree. The Rus- sians, who have possession, have put a low wall around the loots and propped up the venerable wide-spreading boughs. It is now setled, I believe, that the phrase “ plain of Mamre ” in Genesis xiii. 18, ought to have been rendered “ oak, or terebinth, of Mamre.” Well, here dwelt Abraham, it is pleasant to suppose, on that eventful day when he was startled by the announcement that SJdom had been plundered, and his nephew Lot was a captive ; and from here he set out in pursuit of the enemy with his 318 servants and his allies, the Amorites. Here while he “ sat in the tent door in the heat of the day,” a few years later, the angels of the Lord appeared unto him With that wonderful promise. Hebron is doubtless the oldest city in Palestine, perhaps as old as Damascus in Syria. It was built seven years before Zoan in Egy pt, we read in Numbers xiii. 32; but alas, no one will tell us when Zoan was founded. Hebron is mentioned again and again in the Bible. I have collected a. few of the more important references, which may be helpful to others. This was the first capital of David, and here he reigned seven years and a half. From here he went up to Jerusalem, over the same road which we travelled, and took the city from the Jebusites. Hebron was first allotted to Cable (Joshua x. 36, xiv. 6.5 and xv. 13 14) ; but was afterwards made the city of refuge for Judah, and given over to the Levites. Jews, Romans, crusadeis and Moslems have in turn owned the city. Here Abden was buried, and David bit- terly lamented over his bier, fasting for the rest of the day. It was but two or three miles south of here, presumably, that Saul met the Philistines in the valley of Elah, and plucky little David won undy- ing fame for himself by slaying his ten-foot tall opponent, the boastful Goliath. This, too, was a distinctively oriental conflict. The Bedouin tribes frequently battle ‘to- WHOLE NO 1,363 NO. 1]. principal attraction to tourists in Hebron ; [day by chosing champions, and then abid- and yet nothing could be more inaccessible ing by the result of a personal encounter. Backsheesh, that all This is certainly a little less sanguinary than the Occ1dental method, and therefore more humans. The Anakims, the giant race which formerly dwelt here, mentioned in the sixth chapter of Genesis, are much talked about by the natives to this day. With characteristic Eastern exaggeration Abraham is referred to as of the size of forty-seven ordinary mcn. 0g, the King of Bashan, was so tall that the waters of the deluge only reached to his ankles, etc. This is more than Genesis requires us to believe. -â€"â€"~â€"-â€"~.~â€"_ TIIE NIONKS 0F ClllNA. Life in llie Wlmlowlcss Pagoda: of Best. Wong Chin Foo, formerly editor of the Chinese American, is a contributor to the columns of the Brooklyn Eagle. Ofa Chin- ese brotherhood of ascetics he says: In the Flowery Kingdom men get tired of life, of society, of the endless struggle for existence and retire to some retreat where they can pass their remaining days in quiet study and benefaction. These retreats (mi-nu) correspond to the monasteries in Christian lands. They are invariably long, brick. buildings, one story in height, simple and solemn in architecture, and located either upon the mountains or in the depths of forests. Around the building is a window less wall, symbolic of the busy life forever shutout from view. In the grounds and upon the surrounding land nature is assisted, but never interfered with. The flowers bloom and die, the trees grow gnarled and crooked, the weeds and creep- ers thrive until sometimes it would seem as if no human being lived in the vicinity. Closer examination will show that every plant [reducing beautiful flowers or whole- some food and fruit is carefully watched and watered, and every resource of vegeta- tion in supplying human wants husbanded to the last degree. This also is a sym- bolism of the brotherhood who tenant these retreats. To them the useful flower and tree represent the good of humanity ; the weeds, the evil. The duty of a true man- hood is to add and develop those who are righteous, but not to injure the wrong dosr, leaving to nature the task of eliminating the latter from her great economy. These retreats do not belong to specific orders as in the Western civilization, but are founded by one or more persons for the simple sake of rest. The forms and ceremonies of admission amount to nothing. Any person who has failed in life, who has lost those he loved, who has sinned and repented, who is old and unable to work, is eligible. He presents himself, giving his name, address and history, transfers to the brotherhood all he possesses, promises obedience to all lawful commands of the Brother Superior, loyalty, friendship and sympathy to his fellow-members, and devo- tion and aid to all human beings in sick uses or distress. He is then admitted, given a new name and a new costume, assigned a room, instructed as to his duties, and the initiation is complete. From now on bislifo is fixed. Study and conversa- tion, the cultivation of the field and garden or the improvement of the retreat and the instruction of brothers who have been less favored, are his daily duties. At times he is sent out in obtain subscriptions for the common fund or to nurse the sick or feed the starving, but these occur infrequently. The government of these brotherhoods is a pure autocracy. A Brother Superior governs for life. At his death he appoints a successor; if the appointment lapse or be not made, the brothers elect one of their own number. The regulations are about the same as in monasteries, omitting the element of reli- gion. Cleanliness, sobriety, industry, chas- tity, intellectuality, charity and humanity are the seven stars of their heaven. No woman is allowed to cross the threshold of the retreat ; no wine, stimulant or narcotic permitted except for medical use; no quarrelling, loud conversation, game of chance, indelicate or vulgar talk is allowed. Disobedience is punished by reprimand, suspension, temporary ostra- cism or expulson, according to the degree of the offence. THE BOY. Ills Faults We sun." What an honest animal a boy is, anyhow, says the Burlington Hawkeye. What mean things he can do; what cruel tricks he can play on a fellow ; how generous are his im- pulses; how brave and manly the better side of his nature ; how much ofhis badness- is pure thoughtlessness, the heedleseness of a young colt ; under his noisy, rough, boisterous, turbulent surface what a sensi- tive, shrinking heart there is, proud, ambiâ€" tious, timid, foolishly ashamed to show its better impulses, fearful that you may dis- cover its ambitious dreams; he loves a boy who can make the longest jump and run the swiftest, and he hates with equal fury a sneak and a bully ; he will throw off his coat and jump into a fight and take a “licking” any time for a friend, and will walk around two blocks out of his way rather than meet a girl to whom he will be expected to speak; as different when you gethlm alone from what he is in a crowd, that you think he may be two entirely different boys. A strange, honest, caprici- ous, tender-hunted, tyrannical, loving, cruel, thoughtless, dreaming, shouting, complex animal, this boy of ours. Often badly taught, worse trained, halfâ€"discip- lined, whipped and petted, scolded and caressed, he tries our patience, destroys our quiet, wastes our money, wrings our hearts, neglects us, loves us, understands us better many times than we understand him, and we chide him to his face and praise him to our hearts; we follow him, humor him, pray for him, and love him, love him, love himâ€"God bless the boy, how we do love him 1 ‘Wiih All Love Him Manufacture of Hpools. Spools are made in immense numbers, says the Pl-otectz'om‘st. One factory turns out 100,000 gross a day and consumes 2,500 cords of birch wood annually. The wood is first sawed into sticks of four or five feet and from sevenrcighths of an inch to three inches square, according to the size of the spool to be produosd. These sticks, after being thoroughly seasoned, are sawed into short blocks, and the blocks are dried in abet-air kiln. At the time they are sawed a hole is bored through them. The spool machine is managed by a boy, who throws out the knotty or defective pieces. The spools polish themselves by their motion and contact in revolving drums. Some of the spools are died yel- low, red or black ; others are ready for use when they leave the drum. The number of yards of cotton on a spool is determined by the size of the spool. The cotton is never measured, but the spool is gauged. to contain 100, 200 or 500 yards, as the case may be. Logan is said to be 61 years old. w ROUNDING UP. Western Cowboy noel Ills Work. Mr. James Vance, at ranchman, who resides in Southwest Dakota, who has worked in the mines, hauled thousands of pounds of machinery through the Black Hills, served his apprenticeship as cowboy and “ rounder up,” was yesterday corralled by the lariat of a Sun man and induced to stand and deliver up some interesting matter_ on the subject of stock raising, which is becoming to be the great and money-making business of the western prairies. " Tell us about your round. ups. What are they ‘and how are they managed ?” “ The roundup is the great event of the stoekman’s year. It’s his Fourth of July, and generally lasts a month and a half. The Territorial paper publishes such a notice as this.” said Mr. Vance, taking a slip of paper from his wallet : “ Roundup No. 5.â€"~ Laramie Plains Roundup will meet at the Lower Bridge, near McGillis ranch, on the Big Laramie River, on June 1st, and proceed to work the country be- tween the river and the Black Hills divide as far south as Red Buttes ; from thence it Will work in two divisions as far south as Twin Mountains ; thence back to Diamond Peak, working up Boulder and intermediate creeks up to the source of the Big Laramie River.” " That,“ proceeded the gentleman, ” is an official announcement to all the stock- men, and they combine and join in together. The ranges are generally about ten miles in extent, though some of them are thirty.” “ What’s a roundup party “ That’s an expression we have, and means about ten waggons and as many cowboys, a cook going with each waggon, and every cowboy has a string of about six or ten ponies. The ‘ out’ comes off at 3 o’clock in the morning, under the charge of an experienced foreman. Everybody is on horseback, and the foreman operates some. thing in this manner : He sends one party out on the diVlde as out pickets, and other parties along the canons and gulches, with orders to drive the cattle up to the roundup centreâ€"a point previously agreed upon.” “ The boys will be gone several days ‘2 ” “ Oh, no. A good cowboy will ride from 30 to 40 miles in a morning, coming up to his pony herd and taking out another one of his ponies, just as he needs them. Sometimes a cowboy will ride down three or four ponies a day. When the foreman ‘ covers his dog,’ as it‘s called, the cattle are gathered in the prairie in small herds, and then comes the fun. On the wiry, little, fleet-footed Indian ponies, who’ll dodge and back and stop in a twinkling, the cowboys rush into the herds, and shouting, yelling and swear‘ ing, separate the herds, and drive out those having the brands of the different owners." “ Then every man has his own brand 1’" “ Most assuredly. There are no two brands alike. Some are slits, some letters. some holes and some figures. In fact, there is every conceivable form of mark. When a man wants a brand he gets it up and has it recorded in the omce of the county clerk in abcok that is especially kept for the purpose. All the cowboys are not engaged in “ cutting out ”â€"that is, getting the cattle that have the same brand altogether. Others are busy in holding the herd to pre- vent a stampede. Thus all the hard is worked out.” ” What‘s done with those that are left ?” “ These where the owner is not known are called estrays, and calves that are away from their mothers are called ‘maverieks.’ " “ What do you do with these ?" ” These mavericks are branded with the mark belonging to the largest female herd in the neighborhood.” “ How and when is the branding done ?” “ Always at the windup of the roundup. The cattle are all driven into a corral, where a fire is burning and the branding irons heated. A cowboy rides in, and swinging a lariat over the head of a calf or around his hind legs, secures the hand and of the lariat to his saddle pommsl. The calf is quickly thrown and his legs wallow- ing or. the ground. The brand is either burned into his side,0r his shoulder or rump, or perhaps the ear is slit, and it’s done in a second, quicker than I‘m telling you. There’s a great noise made, but very little confusion. They have the business now systematized so that everything goes like clockwork.”â€"0iminnati Sun. flow the Powder and Bangs: Chantilly is the coming lace. Bonnets grow smaller, hats larger. Shot silks will be worn another season. The fall fabrics show spotted and sprigged designs. It is said that trained dresses will be worn again in the fall. Fastidious women declare that lace is becoming too popular. There is a decided preference for yellow flowers at the moment. Woollen braid rosettes and bands trim many pretty seaside hats. Colored muslin and lawn toilets rival white for August wear. The Mother Hubbard bathing suit is suitable for slight figures only. Spanish laces are to be set aside for rea old Chantilly, revived for fall wear. Dark-blue serge remains the favorite fabric for yachting and mountain suits. Pearl-gray and mushroom-colored mohair dresses are popular at seashore resorts. All little girls’ dresses are made new with skirts that reach well below the knees. The baby waist is worn by nine-tenths of the young ladies at Saratoga this summer. The Marie Antoinette helm of lace or muslin, elaborately frilled with lace is re. vived. m_.__. Substitutes for Human Milk One of the most notable discussions on the substitutes for the human milk in children’s diet is that which took place at the forty-fourth meeting of German naturalists and physicians, at Salzburg, says the Boston Globe. A commission had been previously appointed to prepare papers, the discussion being directed to two points, viz., first, the substitution of natural, unadulterated animal (cow’s) milk for the human milk, and its production; second, the substitution of artificial foods, with or without milk, for the natural milk â€"their nature and value. After earnest discussion for two days, the conclusion reached in regard to artificial foods was expressed in a unanimous resolution, “That these preparations can in no way be substituted for mothers’ milk, and, as exclusive foods during the first year. are to be entirely and completely rejected.” Cow’s milk was declared to be the only substitute for human milk, and every effort should be made to insure its purity and goodness. The Ear-Ring out of Dale. Women are beginning to abolish the ear- ring as one of their personal adornments, although it will take a long time to wholly banish this favorite but barbarous orna- ment. The recent aesthetic movement in dress, which introduced, along its absurdi- ties, some truly sensible ideas, has much to do in educating women to a better standard of taste regarding personal adornments. The most exclusively fashionable women do not now wear ear~rings in the daytimer and only those with jewels or rare stones in the evening. Finally, they maybe dis- carded altogether, and the money spent for diamonds in this direction will be invested in brooches, pendants and- bracelets-H Hartford Times. . __._..___._. A passenger on the wrecked steamship Amsterdam alleges that the steerage' passengers robbed those of the cabin, and that the Sable Island officials assisted the thieves.