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"‘ TIIE nonsn. 7 TH]! TWO-MEAL SYSTEM roa HORSES. “annroan, Me., Dec. 9, 1882. “Editors of Turf, lie (1 and Form :â€"-A writer in the Minor and Former speaks of having fed his cattle on the two meal system for the past seven years, and finds no occasion for feeding oftener ; lll fact, he says they thrive better than on the ‘cramming system,’ or more frequent feeding “Aithough I have never doubted that this system would work as favorable Wlil’l horned cattle, my own experience has been confined mostly to human beings and horses. According to my judgment if applied to weik or road horses, it Will inc-ease their working capacity . very largely. That is, a given horse Will do more work, day after day, either in the cart, before the plow, or on the road,and keep in prime condition :besides it would surely, because of his improved health, tend to prolong his life, and extend his years of usefulness. But aside from mere ] theorizing, or dogmatically asserting my opinion, which, however, I find is corrob- orated by every one who has given this system a fair trial, 1 will here give an i1- Iustration as to its operation on road horses. I bought alittle ‘chunky’ mare, six years old, fat and lazy, fit for nothing but a timid woman’s useâ€"just right, one would say, for the women and children to j )g round town with. She would tra- vel about four and a half to five miles an hour with considerable urging, and if pressed beyond that would sweat profuse- ly. Having been recently imported from Canada, it was predicted by all the horsemen about that she would have the distemper, as a matter of course. In order to more effectually guard against this, 1 fed her but once a day for a couple of weeks, giving her from ten to twenty miles jogging every day, Sunday includ- ed, thus reducing the fat, and increasing the flesh l Her one meal consisted of a very generous feed of hay, and four quarts of cats at night, after being thor oughly rested from work. After this, and With a :ousiderable increase of work (averaging, all told, 150 miles per week,) I gave her a light feed of bay and two quarts of oats in the morning. In the course of two months her, Weight, which had at first fallen ofl quite rapidly, was but slightly less than when I took her, but it was made up of a different sub- stance altogether. I had exchanged 100 pounds of fat for 75 pounds of flesh ; or, in other words, I had relieved her of that much disease (effectually preventing the predicted outbreak), and had built up in its place a large amount of muscle, at the same time improving the quality of her entire muscular system. “Speaking in a general way, a horse is an engine made up of muscles which in- crease in size and quality by increased use (always supposing a sufficient diet), and diminisn in size, as Well as in power, If the work is less or lighter. Conse- guently, if the horse is fed for health (1‘ e. In proportion to his labor), his weight will diminish with lessened, and increase with added, Work. In feeding in the morning I aimed to allow some two hours or more-the more the betterâ€" for that digestion which takes place in the stom- ach, before she was harnessed, and the evening meal was never given until long enough after she came to the stable to in- sure her being well rested from her labor, and this though her dinner was postpon- ed till a late hour at night. Whenever I had. occasion, and I sometimes took occa- sion, to give her some early work, her breakfast would be postponed unlil long after the drive was finished, or to a con- venient hour when rested and not obliged to resume work soon thereafter. Within four months this little, fat, soft, ‘logy’ mare was transformed into a clean-bodied tough, hard, little roadster that would take two in a buggy eight miles an hour for three or four hours,and after an hour’s rest take them back again in the same time, and do it, too, without whipping or sh .Wing any symptom of lagging. When I sold her I told the buyer how I fed her. Did he learn anything? No, indeed, ‘Well,’ said he, ‘I shall give her all she wants, three times a day, as long as Iown her.’ I see her now every day; she is just about Where she was when I took herâ€"fat and soft, and will sweat profuse- ly if driven fi'teen miles in three hours.” EXTRA BATIONS. Occasionally horses-are, through cruelty and sometimes unwittingly on the part of their drivers, driven to exhaustion ; and it frequently happens theta horse giVes out Without having been pushed hard, and to the complete surprise of his owner, who cannot account for it. “i knew he had shard jauntbefore him.” says the owner, ” and I gave him a couple of quarts extra. at breakfast, but he give out before he got half-way ; in fact he wasn't himself from the start.” The old saying that “a good pay-master pays after the work is done," applies here ; a. good horseman feeds to-dau in proportion to the work his horse did yesterday. He pays him well, and every day, but never in ad- vance. The fact is this: The digestIVe fluids are formed in the blood and re- main subjcct to order, in proportion to the needs of the organism for food, and not in proportion to the. amount of food swallowedâ€"trio “need” having reference to work already performed, cold endur- ed, etc. Other things being squal, the horse that is hard pushed on an empry atoms 11, will hear more before breaking down, and, if dereii to exhaustion, has a far better chance to i'ccowr Wcll, than the one driven in like iii-a. .ner, but fed immediately before starting, and halted j'st long ennugh to swallow his (‘liullvl‘ en. route. The rest, without the meal, would have been far better. I am aware that in making this state- ment 1 am running counter [0 the opi - ions of most men, based, as they are. largely upon their own sensations when deprived of their regular meals. "Needn't tell me," says the owner ; “I won't work withoutmyregu‘arfood, norlet my horse”; which sentiment is every way praise worthy, and does honor to the man’s heart. Nevertheless, I cannot Withdraw tha statement, for my opinion is based upon absolute knowledge from trial, both in the case of the horse and myself When I ate three meals a day 1 was, as nearly all men tell me is the case with them, “hungry” at, often before, every regular meal. If the meal was not forth- coming from any cause, I felt faint and my stomach would “gnaw.” I learned after a time, that under suchcircumstances a meal lost was a better one gained ; that, in Short this was a disease and not a na- tural condition at all, albeit it is the common experience of most persons. No person feels faint upon passing a meal, or has a gnawing stomach, except it be 0(- occasioncd by an irritated or unduly con- gested state of that organ. It is a sure proof of dyspepsia (using this term in its popular sense, as implying the condition of the organ). Strictly speaking the term is a synonym of indigestion. 05-1-” The New Orleans Exposition. - The Scientific American, in an article on the great cotton exposition, gives the following interesting particulars :â€" The main building, covaring more than thirty-three acres, offers neVer-ending subjects of interest to the visitor, as those will appreciate who remember the amount of time required to obtain any adequate idea of what was contained in the princi- pal structure at Philadelphia, which was only about half its sizes. Here is present- ed a representative panorama, through its broad vistas, of the productions and resources of the United States and near- ly all foreign countries. It is the great- est school for the dissemination of prac- tical and useful knowledge in the world to-day ; the mechanic, the engineer, the farmerâ€"the producer in every walk of lifeâ€"â€"can here find food for study, with aniplest exemplifications of the experi- ence of others, and the would-be man of the world can, figuratively, go into all foreign countries and learn much of their productions and characteristicsâ€"all under the same roof. One of the most complete industrial exhibitions in the main building is that of a Connecticut company, making cotton thread. in this display is also included an automatic spool turning machine, Where the workman puts armtuls of small cylinders of wood intoa hopper, and they come out perfeatly made spools. The cotton is taken from the bale here, and goes through all the processes of manu- facture till it is finally wound on the spoolsâ€"eight spc ols of 200 yards of thread each a minuteâ€"when these spools are put into a slide, the labels cut and pasted, and they are ready for boxingâ€"the en: tire work requiring twenty machines, and the exhibit taking up a space of 24 by 260 feet. . In cotton working and other ma- shown by means of the models of labor- saving appliances. Perhaps the most historically interesting is the model of the original cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney. There is also a model of a contrivanco for lifting vessels over shoals, patented by Abraham Lincoln; and an- other of the Hoe cylinder printing press. The Chinese exhibit presents many novolties, some of which it is rather diffi- cult for our citizens to comprehend. One of these is a model of a primitive irrigat‘ ing pump, a hand pump showmg one end in the water, and the power applied by a man treading around on a series of handles that project from the ftp piece ; there is also one worked by ox power, the animal turning a crank. One signifi- cant feature in this department is the dis- play of cotton clo’h of all grades, from the coarsest bagging to a quality so fine as to be more valuable than silk goods. This is a “cotton centennial,” it is true, but more than two thousand years before modern industry found profitable em- ployment in working up this fiber for uni- versal use, cotton Was largely used in the. domestic manufactures of indie ; and two centuries before the Christian era. cotton cloth was either paid in tribute or offered in presents to the Emperors of China as a thing rare and precious, and some of these gossamer filaments are on exhibi- tion here by the side of the products of our modern factories. The Black Watch. The famous “Forty-second Highland- ers” (familiarly known in the British Army as the Black Watch) have added one more to their countless exploits by the storming of the Arab entrenchments at Rirti, where poor Gen. Earle was killed. Among the many (lords of daring per- formed by them in recent wars three stand out pro-eminent. They were one of the three Highland regiments with which Sir Colin Campbell (afterward Lord Clyde) broke the Ru~siaii centre at the Alma, on the 20th September, 1854 They formed part of the immortal “thin red line toppci with steel,"against which an ovUrwhelniing Russian force shattered itself in the memorable attack upon Balaklavu five weeks later. In the ad- vance upon Cooma'asie during Gen. Wolseley's Ashantee campaign, in Jan- uary, 1874, the “Black Wa'ch ’ bore the brunt of the great fight at Amna‘ul, suffering severe loss in carrying at the. point of the bayonet a thick Wm'cl held by nativr‘ sharp-shooters. lll’lted, every one must admit that they havo fully obeyed the injunction with wh ch their chief led them up the Alina hlllBlde'. -.,. . “Now, my men, make me proud of the ng iialld Brigade. " _â€"â€"â€"u<-’u.__â€" It is not very gene-rally known that Que 11 Victoria was once called Queen alsxoulria V1-5“1‘13, and that the oaths of allegiance wore in that name. chinery the Patent Office makes a most interesting display, the growth and devel- opment of many of our industries being FRANCES ARMY. lls Slrcnglh~nutlcs of lllt' Private Soldiers in Tiuu‘ of l'ciircw l'nv of (Ink-era. Ac. Today there are almost 3,000,000 soldiers in camp and barracks on the Con- tinent, and after Russia, republican France supports more than any other nation. Mind you, we are speaking now only of the troops on duty-not reserves and landwehr ; and if we take in all the European States, from the principality of Monaco, With its standing army of sixty rive, rank and file, to the great empire of the north, where the Can has something like 750,000 men under arms constantly, 1 find that the total annual cost is in round numbers about $1,000,000000. This taste for immense armies has taken hold of France and other nations since the war of 1870. Every Frenchman who saw the flood of German invasion sweeping through this country was aston- ished at What he supposed was the enor- mous quantity of men which the enemy had been able to throw acrossthe frontier ; but the French mistook celcrity of action for vast numbers. Neither the English nor the French know anything about moving bodies of troops quickly. Witness especially the campaign in Egypt. It was because German officers knew how to move forces quickly that they managed to appear always numerically superior to the French, and yet when the end came there were more men under arms in Paris and in the provinces than Germany had sent into this country during the Whole of the campaign. There were in the capital on the day of the capiiulation 183,000 Na- tional Guards, 129,720 troops of the line, 14 081 sailors and marines, 105,391 mo- bilesâ€"in all 462,000 men. In the pro- vinces the army of the Mayennenumbered 275,000 ; in Algeria and in the training camps there were 351,000 and 132,000 conscripts had just been called out. Be- sides these General Clinchart had 80,000 men in Switzerland. This makes agrand total of over 1,250,000 men. Now, what do you think of that i It proves, 1 think, that it was not numbers but superior organization which defeated our friends the French. Hampered by disputes and ignoble jealousies among their leaders, the brave mm of this country fell a prey to a resolute and vigilant foo. The French army, which sought to stay the invasion, was defeated because it was badly commanded, becauseit lacked every- thing. What would have happened had they succeeded in Winning one of the great battles of the campaignâ€"in piercing through at a single point the curtain of troops deployed in their front, and which, like a living mass, was closing in on Paris ’1 Would the mass of invaders have been able to reform? These are questions which cannot be answered, although it may be accepted as a fact that the solidity of an army is only to be proved when it has to meet a serious obstacle, such, for instance, as Grant met with in the Wilder- ness, or Lee at Gettysburg. STRENGTH OF THE ARMY. The active army of France is nominally composed of 1,240 000 men. but the actual number on duty is but 502,786 soldiers and 110,000 sailors and marines. The others Will only be called on to join their regiments in case war is declared. The active army and its reserves are or- ganized in such a way that the various corps will form five distinct armies of about 250.000 men. In time of peace there are eighteen army corps, all organ- ized on the same plan, viz., a general staff, two divisions of infantry, a brigade of cavalry, a brigade of artillery, a bat- talion of chassours, a battalion of engi< neers, an escad'ron d'u. train and the accos- sory services These eighteen army corps contain in all 144 regiments of infantry, eighteen battalions of chassours, thirty- six regiments of cavalry and thirtvaix cannon. There are twenty-two battalions of chassuers and thirty-four regiments of cavalry which are not attached to any corps and which will go to form the nucleus of six additional army corps to be formed in case of war. Battalions of infantry and chasseursâ€"there are 606 of themâ€"Will on a war footing number each 1,000 men. There are at present 652 cadres of batteries, not cmnting the fortress and mounted ones. The cavalry is, on the whole, on about the same foot- ing in time of peace as it would be in time of War ; it is composed of thirty-four com- plete regiments and thirty-six skeleton ones, which can be filled up to the regu- lation force the moment war is declared. The calculation is that each corps will number in war 40,000 men of all branches. The territorial army is composed of all able-bodied men, of from 29 to 40 years of age, and it is divided into an active and a reserve force; the first, with the five classes of men from 30 to 34, inclu‘ sive, numbers 582,520, and the remaining six classes about 626,000. Thus far the War Department has acted on the sup pwsition that the active portion of the territorial army would suffice, and none other has been organized. it has been divided into 145 rogimenta of infantry, and the necessary artillery, cavalry and baggage trains. THE SOLann’s LIFE. Soldiers in the French army are, on the whole, a contented lot. The men are treated by their superiors in a Very pro- per manl‘er, and discipline. While firm, is one of kindness. The rat-ion of meat has been increased lately from 250 to 300 grammes, or from 8.8 ounces to 10 6 ounces; his broad ration is about 26 5 uu- ces In addition he purchases out of the oldinarie 10 6 ounces of bread to put in the soup. This ordinuh'c is afund f« imed by a cerrain fixed doduotibn from eve'y soldier’s pay, and is employed in purchasing extra bread, vegetables and extra miles and sugar, the rations of these groceries being only a part of What is required. The fund also pi'OVides him wth an occasional glass of wine ona Sunday. in each company the cook is changed every two months and the as- sisluiit every week. The soldier gets his cofi'ee and chicory every morning at fiva o'clock in summer, later in Winter. Al. 10 o'clock he has soup; at five in the afternoon a 'ragout, twice a week, and on other days soup. Retreat is from 7 to 9 o’clock, according to season, and fatten half an hour later. Rest assured that in the meantime the men hav: had plenty 03 work to (10. French officers don't go much on the munual of arms, but they are great on marchings and facings. Iii field and barrack-yard the boys are for- ever at it, and the French equivalent for “hay-foot, straw foot," is their song the livelong day. The regulations also prescribe certain hours for bayonet exer‘ rises, fencing and gymnastics. In time of peace the infanti-yman receives a clear icent a. day pay, but a premier soldus gets 2 cents. When on a. war footing this pay runs up to 7 cents. As a rule the men do not seem to feel any restraint in the presence of their officers. Salutes are universal ; the privates and non-com- missii. iiad officers bring their hands up to the visor of the cap, but the officer al- most invariably returns the salute by lifting his cap or hat from his head. They are also very puncfilious in address- ing each other by their titles. These acts of courtesy have a very pleasing effect, and contrast favorably with the social habits of other armies that I have studied. Nevertheless, it is found difficult to re- tain good non-commissioned officers, sim- ply because an industrious and ablevbodied young man can do so much better out of the army than in it. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. No one can obtain a commission as sous Lieutenant unless he is 18 years of age or if he has not served two years as an non commissioned officer and has not passed out of a military school after at least two years’ study. One-third of these commis- sions are given by law to non-commit sinned spldiers, the other two-thirds as indicatad. Two-thirds of the promotion to the ranks of Lieutenant and Captain are given by seniority (in the army), the Other third by selecliun. Promotions to squadron are given onehalf by selection, the other half by seniority, and for all higher ranks promotion is given entirely by selection. Officers in the French army are not over well paid. A Marshal of France now receives as full pay 29,520 francs ($5,900) per annum ; a General of division, 19,440 franc-i, ($3,810) ; 2 Gen- eral of brigade. 14,220 francs ($2,840) ; a. Colonel of arlillery or engineers, 8,892 francs ($1,775) ; a Captain, 3.708 francs, ($740); and 9. Lieutenant 2,628 francs ($525); a Colonel of cavalry receives 8,316 francs, a Captain, 3,672 francs, and a Lieutenant 2,592 francs ; a- Colonel of infantry receives 7,740 francs, a Captain 3 528 francs, and 8. Lieutenant 2,326 francs. N o ofiicer can marry without the consent of the War Department, and unler no circumstances is he ever per- mitted to do so unless the lady of his choice has adotâ€"that is to say, a certain fortune, the minimum of which is fixed by the army regulations. L “m ->u BRITISH OFFICERS IN EGYPT. A Few of the officers Scrvlng Prominently Under Wolselsey In the Sondun. The following sketches of some of the ofiicers whose names have been recently brought info prominence in connection with the British expedition. will prove interesting :â€" Mejor-General Sir Redvers Buller, chief of the staff, is an old and tried officer, having served under his present chief in most of his undertakingsâ€"in the Red River expedition of 1870, in the Ashantee war of 1874, and in the first Egyptian expedition, 1882, besides in such subsidiary affairs as the Cafi're and Zulu wars. Colonel Butler is another Red River and Ashantee officer, and also took part in the Egyptian campaign. He married. it may be remembered, Miss Elizabeth Thompson, the well-known painter of “The Roll Call," “Quatre Bras," and other military subjects. Col. Butler is with what is known as the Earle column. Col. C. W. Wilson, R. E, is Well ex- perienced in the ways of Eastern nations, having served as Her Majesty’s Commis- sioner for the Servian frontier in 1878, and as Consul General at Anatolia during the following year. Colonel Henry Brackenbury, R. A., served in the Indian mutiny and through the Ashantee campaign. In 1880 he was appointed private secretary to Lord Lyl- ton, when the latter was Viceroy of India; in the following year he was nominated Military Attache at Paris, and in 1882 was Assistant Under-Secretary for [re- land. Lieut.-Col. Boscawan also served in the Egyplian campaign, and has lately been the assistant military secretary to the Comniander-invChief in Ireland. , ".4‘.u<.“-»”â€"â€"â€"- â€"â€"â€"â€" The Fear He Enter-mined. An old Chelsea prisoner, seated on an embankment, was lamenting the death of a Comrade. “Poor old ohapi How shall I get on without him 1" “Were you very much attached to him, then 'l" inquired a bystander. “’Twasn’t alto gather that, sir," replied the veteran; “but you see, he'd '11th his left ieg and I’ve last my right. We shared a pair of boots between us, and it’s ten to one Whether there's another in the hospital whose feet are so exactly the same size as mine.” A Writer in the British Medical Journal, who was acquainted With Coleridge and De Quincey says that the latter was sys- tematic inhls use of opium, and increased or lessened his doses gradually, as the u:- igencies of his health required. But Coleridge took opium by fits and starts, and often such liz’avy doses as to over» power him. He did this on one accession when he had engaged to lecture before the London Philosophical Society. The hour arrived, but the man was in blissful orgotfulness of all material matters. the rank of chief of battalion or chief of ‘ A BUNGLING HANGMAN. Three Attempts lo flung n Murderer. A terrible exhibition of incompetency on the part of the hangman was Witness- ed recently at the attempted execution of John Lee at Exeter, England. The prisoner was employed as a confidential servant by Miss Emma Keys, a wealthy lady living at Babbicombe, near Torquay, in Devon. Taking advantage of his osi- non he proposed marriage to Miss gays, and was indignantly rejected. On the night of the 14th November, according to the prisoner’s subsequent confession, he went into Miss Keys' bedroom and re- newad his proposals, and on being again repulsed he indecently assaulted her and. afterwards murdered her, and to hide the tracesof his crime he set fire to the house. His trial took place at Exeter, and on the 4th inst. he was found guilty and son- tenced to be hanged. At an early hour the necessary preparations were made for the exemtion, and the prisoner having been pinioued was TAKEN OUT TO THE GALLOWS erected in the gaol yard. When the pre- arranged portion of the Lord’s Prayer was reached, the sheriff gave the signal and the hangman iried'to draw the bolt, but some thing had gone wrong with the machinery and the drop failed to work. Lee was taken back to his cell, while the drop was examined. It being apparently all right, the prisoner was again brought out and placed in position, showing slight signs of trepidation. On the signal being repeated, the bolt was drawn back with a sharp click, but the trap re- fused to .move. The prisoner became horribly agitatei and had to be assisted back to his cell. The machinery was once more tvsted and, every thing beirg ap- parently in working order FOR THE THIRD TIME the rope was adjusted and the black cap pulled down. The unfortunate wretch had now become so agitated that his terror was pitiable to Witness, and he was so nervous that he had to be held in posi- tion by two turnkeys. A third attempt was made to carry out the dread sentence of the law, but for the third time the drop failed to fall, and notwithstanding that the hangman jumped on it while the turnkey: held the prisoner up by the shoulders, it remained as firm as a rock. The sherifl', who was greatly pained at the wretched bungling of the hangman, ordered the execution to be postponed and the prisoner was taken back to his cell. He is in such a state of nervous prostration that a physician had to be in constant attendance. The facts were at once communicated to Sir William Har- court, and a reply came back at once saying that Lee: was to be respited by order of the Home Office. LOVELY LADY DUFFERIN. The Beautiful Irish Helpmeet of a 0m- gniahed Engusliman. Lady Duflerin, who made herself gen- erally belOVed in Canada, was a warm- hearted Irish girl. of Killyleagh, Castle Down, when Fredrick Temple Hamilton- Temple-Biackwood. Fifih Baron of Duf- ferin, came that Way. Dufl‘erin had just returned from an im- porfant post in Syria and the green fields of old Ireland looked particularly refresh- ing to him. He decided to take a son- venir away with him and he showed his taste by chosing Harriet, the fair eldest daughter of Archibald Rowan Hamilton, Esq , of Killyleagh. The bridal tour was to India, where the gronm was appointed Under Secretary. Promotion followed fast and in 1871 the Baron was made Viscount Clandeboye, and Earl of Duf- ferinâ€" he being the first Earl of that name. From 1872 to 1878 as Governor-Gen- eral of Canada, Earl Dufi‘arin gave such general satisfaction that the people never expect to look upon his like aiain. His charming Wife nobly seconded him and there were no bickerings or heart-burn- ings among the women of Canada while she ruled with tact and kindness. When the good Dufl'erins with their numerous children sailed away the people of Canada Went down to the Wharf and shed tears enough to raise the tide three feet and safely carry the ocean steamer over the harbor bar. Business was de- pressed for a year afterward. Earl Dufi‘arin’s latest mission was to Egy pt, and his diplomacy there is about the only bright spot in that particular bit of England’s interference around the Nile. The titles of the Earl, which his wife helps to bear, are many. He is a Knight of St Patrick, Privy Councillor, Knight of Grand Cross of the Bath, Knight of Grand Cross of St, Michael and St. George, Fellow of Royal Society, Doctor of Civil Law and a Doctor of Laws. He has many minor titles. such as Justice of the Peace and Hon. LL D of Harvard University, near Boston. The crest of the Dufi'erius bears alien and a tiger with the motto, “ Straightforward." There are seven little Dufl'erinsâ€"four sons and three daughters. The eldest son is Archibald Temple, twenty-rwo \ ears old, a lieutenant in the Royal Irish Rlflcfl. Terence Temp e, Basil Gawaine Temple are between him and the Hon. Frederick Temple, the baby of the family â€"nine years old. In the line of girls Lady Helen Hermi- one comes first With an age of nineteen years; Lady Hermione Helen is six- treii, and Lady Victoria. Alexandrina is ' tWeive Union tunately for the American youth these girls wore too small when the Dufi'ei-ins ruled Canada. For a long time past the head man of Pcfit Jmmml, who used to be a wonkman at three francs a day, has made an average of two million francs a year. it is claim- ed that the Petit Journal has a circula- tion of 800,000 copies a day.