The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

The question, when to plant, is an im- rtant one. Some will not plant anything in the fall; others prefer the fall to other seasons. Fall planting, however, has strong advocates among experienced tree-planters, and where a planter has given that season a fair trial, his favorable testimony is, as a rule, secured. However, there is apreju- dice against fall planting, and a single fail- ure at that season counts more against it than a dozen in the spring. Trees and shrubs planted early in the autumn will push roots before winter, for it is not neces- sary that the top grow to force root growth ; all can prove this by observation. Take up a tree or shrub in November that was planted in August or September, and you will be surprised to see the amount of new and growing roots. A fall-planted tree be- comes established by this means, and natur- ally is in a better condition to grow the coming spring. I believe if careful and systematic experi- ments were carried on in tree-planting, the fall would be found a better season to plant than in spring; the ground is warm and moist, in the best condition for the for- mation of rents, the air is moist, and there are not the fierce, drying winds of early spring, or the liability of a June or July drouth soon after the tree is plantedâ€"Vicki: Magazine. It is a. first~rate plan to cover the soil in which next; year’s vegetables are to be rais- ed, with fresh manure to be turned under as soon as the frost is out. For a winter diet for pigeons it will be hard to choose better food in the Canadian list than good plump barley, good two-year- old peas, and a. little corn. Beans are rich in nitrogen and me good food for any sort of animals. Hogs may be fattened on them. There is nothing better for sheep, and they are just the thing for cows in milk. Water should always be given before feeding and never immediately afterward. Collect and protect enough of rich, mel- low soil for potting such plants 23 may be raised in the house during the winterâ€"to- matoes, seedling potatoes, seedling roses, berries and the like. Never confine an animal in its stall by fastening a. rope around its,neck. Always use halters, both for horses and cattle, as a slight mistake in adjusting the rope, in making the knot may cause injury or lons. It is said that 1,000 sheep, run on a piece of around one year, will make the soil cap- able of yielding grain enough over and above the capacity of the soil without the sheep manureâ€"to support 1,035 sheep an entire year. Is is a. fact that dogs seldom attack sheep kept with cattle, unless in the case of some old rogue, and then only when the sheep are found at a considerable distance. for the in- stinct of the cattle is to attack animals found chasing or worrying other stock near them. Cut out the old canes of blackberries and raspberries. Prune the grapevines andlater bend the canes over on the ground and cover with evergreen branches, or litter of any kind, holding the canes in place by stones or blocks of wood. It pays to protect grape vines, even though of the hardiest varieties. So me coarse fodder is desirable, if it can be procured, and a. supply can be grown eithe r of millet, cornfodder or pea. vines, and cut w hen in blossom and cured for hay. If a. little roughness is given, six pounds of bran and the same of some kind of grain, and two pounds of whole clean cottonseed would make sufiicient food for a. thousand- pound horse. Five pounds at bay given daily with this food would be quite suffi- cient. One great cause of bulls becoming vicious is that they do not have exercise enough. Kept up in stables, and especially if high- fed, they chafe in their confinement, and when let out are disposed to play or attack any thing or person they can get at. The best way to keep bulls quiet is to let them run in a. strongly-fenced yard or paddock with one or more cowe. A few rules for making good butter: First, be clean in milking, washing the 11d der and beats before beginning; use tin ails, well scalded and clean; strain in a. eep pan, about eight inches in diameter and twenty inches deep; keep the milk 000] ; do not allow the cream to stand over thirty-six hours after skimming, and keep the cream at a. temperature of sixty-two de- grees before churmng. Piles are caused by the dilations of the blood vessels of the lower gut or rectum and the formation of tumors. In horses they are ran, and the melenotic tumors on the lining membrane are often confounded with them. The treatment is as follows: Give daily three ounces of Glauber salts and com- mon salt; also bran and linseed meshes, with one drachm each of sulphate of iron and ground gentian root. If the piles ap- pear outwardly, or there is much irritation, and the horse rubs the tail, inject one ounce of a solution of a. drachm of sugar of lead in a. pint of water. A story is told of General Buttler to the effect; that he was once examined for an ap. pointmeut as a department clerk. Among the list of printed questions he found this : â€"“ \Vhat States and Territories would you cross in going f rom New York to the Pacific coast ?" The fu ture general’s geography W33 not: equal to an answear 'to this question, but his nativ e wit was. He wrote :â€" “ None. I won 1d go around by Cape Horn.” You may talk of making money By some risky speculation, You may dream of being honored By this great and mighty nation ; Wealth is fine when righ‘lv managed, Fame’s a very pretty charmer. But tell me, where‘s a happier man Than a good, industribusiumer ? Do not. then. forsake the homestead For some easy occupation ; Be a. man that 1': a farmer, In a farmer‘s estimntion ; Where is literature sweeter, Poetry so much the charmer. Than read at ease on wintry eve By 111:: fireside of A farmer? Stick to farming, then. young men, With a firm determination ; Do not leave it, save to get A good solid education '. Study science. art. selH‘ulture, Take dame Nature for your charmer ; Then. according to my notiov», You’re prepared to be I: farmer. WHEN '1‘0 TRANSPLANT TREES. NOTES AND SUGGESTIONS. FARM. A FARMER‘ Facts About Lightning. Every one is familiar with the fact that lightning does not spring from cloud to cloud, to the earth, but pursues a zigzag course. This is (111%t0 the fact that the air is not equally humi throughout. Electric- ity always takes the path which ofl'ers the least resistance to its passage. Damp air is a better conducting medium than dry air; consequently the lightning selects the dampest route, avoiding the drier strata and zones it encounters, and advances, now directly, now obliquely, until it reaches the opposite cloud, where it subdivides into a, number of forks. Owing to the resistance it encounters in its path, intense heat is generated, which causes the air to expand. Immediately after the flash, the air again contracts with great violence and with a loud report, which is echoed and re-echoed among the clouds. The report reaching the ear of the listener from varying distances, is drawn out into a series, and, being further prolonged by the echoes, the roll of the thunder is produced. It is a curious fact that, although the sound of thunder is exceedingly loud when heard near at hand, the area over which it .. . .7 “#04,”; still It is a curious fact that, although the sound of thunder is exceedingly loud when heard near at hand, the area. over which it is audible is comparatively circumscribed. The noise of a cannonade will be heard, under favorable conditions, at a. distance of nearly a hundred miles, while tha sound of thunder does not travel over fifteen miles. The occurence of the thunder and the light- ning is, of course, simultaneous; but as the light travels faster than soundâ€"its passage is almost instantaneous, the flash may be seen several seconds before the thunder is heard. The distance of thunder may thus be approximately estimated, an interval of five seconds between the flash and the thunder clap being allowed to the mile. Ala IIUULIUUI vial) Honda nun, -- ‘1‘. _V Sheet-lightning has the appearance of a sheet of flame, momentarily illuminating part of the sky or cloud surface. It is. in reality, but the reflection of lightning flash ing beyond the horizon or behind the clouds, on too great a distance for the thunder to be audible. -- .- u n , ____; nuuuuu. But the most remarkable of all the mani- festations of electricity is globular light- ping, _in aPPearamce like a. hall of fire mov- Anus, lu upyvu.uuuv ..._- v , ing leisurely along, and remaining visible, it may be, several minutes. Many curious facts are related of its vagaries. One of the most interesting and circumstantial is that given by Mr. Fitzgerald, County Donegal, lrelaud, who saw a globe of fire slowly de- scend from the Glendowan mountains to the valleys below. Where it first touched the ground, it. excavated a hole about twenty feet; square, “ as if it had been cut with a. huge _kuife. ” . .1 , __._I_ A: .. min-1+4: uch nuuv. This was scarcely the work of a. minute. For a. distance of twenty perches it plowed a trench about four feet deep, and, moving along the bank of a. stream, it made a. fur- row a. foot in depth. Finally it tore away part of the bank five perches in length, and five feet deep, and “ hurling the immense ,,__ u. an... hum uvc :Lvu \Avv , w v. mass into the bed of the stream it flew into the opposite peaty bank." The globe was visible twenty minutes, and traversed a. dis- tance of a. mile, showing that its progress was, for lightning. very slow indeed. Dur- ing thunder storms of extreme violence on Deeside, balls of fire are occasionally seen to roll down the sides of Lochnaqar. which are, no doubt, identical with globular light- ning.â€"Chamber’s Journal. , It is said that on one occasion Cogia Ei- fendi a Persian sage, dressed as a beggar, ente ' d a house where a. gay feast was being held. He was pushed thither, hustled by one i and another, and noticed kindly by no one. So Cogia withdrew, and repaired to his home, where he arrayed himself in his most splen- did style, with jeweled shoes on his feet, a robe of cloth of gold on his back, and a. tur- ban glittering with a diamond aigrette on his head. Then, having hung at; his side his saber, in the hilt of which flashed some valu- able jewels, he returned to the feast. His entrance was the signal for attention on all sides. The guests, who before had rudely pushed him aside, now made way for his passing to and iro. The host came hastily towards him with the words, “ Welcome, my Lord Effendi, thrice welcome ; what will your lordship please to take?” In reply, Cogia. quaintly, but expressively stretched out his foot so that the jewel on his shoe sparkled ; and then, taking his golden robe in one hand, and holding it away from him, said, with bitter irony, “ \Velcome my lord coat, welcome, most excellent robe ; what Will your lordship please to take ?â€"For,” said he, turning to his perplexed host, “ I ought to ask my coat what it will take, seeing that my welcome is due solely to it .” It is not every bicycle rider who can lower the record, but it; is a poor bicycle that can- not lower the rider. There have been more railroad accidents and more people killed thereby this year than ever before in the history of the coun- try. Whisky. old age and color-blindness are to blame in four-fifths of the cases. The Prodigal Son of 1587: The Sage and His Dress. 'The greatness of London appais one. It is great; in every direction ; in poverty as in wealth, in vice as in virtUe.“An American gentleman said tome Ehe other day, “ This is the only city I ever failed to compass. It is too big for me. I cannot take it in.” in is an education to see_Lond_on. No man should allow himself to live thirty years in this World without visiting it, even if he had to come 5,000 miles to see it, as I did. There are certain places here that every stranger is expected to visit. Ineed not enumerate them. I had visited many of these Meccas. I had seen the Queen and Mr. Gladstone, had heard Joseph Parker in the Temple, Charles Spurgeon in the Tabernacle, and Henry Irving in the Ly- yceum. I had reverently looked on the relics resting in the British Museum, had stood in wonderment before St. Paul‘s Cathedral, and had tried to absorb some of the beauty looking down on me from the walls of the National Gallery. But there was another side of London life that I was anxious to look upon. One of the theatres was daily ‘ advertising, as an attractive drama, “ The Shadows of a Great City." To see the shadow side of London I did not go to the theatre, but took a more direct route, for it was not the shadow of the shadow but the substance of the shadow that I wanted to see. I had read ” The Bitter Cry of Out- cast London," and knew somewhat of the relief work undertaken by the London Con- gregational Union, and had welcomed to my "L, LA: L--- THE SIIADOW'S OF A GREAT CITY. greguuuuul U uluu, nuu uuu "vsv .......... J far away Western crty some who had been rescued by the Self-help Emigration Society. ‘ Through the kindness of Rev. Andrew 1 Mearns, who has done so much to awaken ‘ and direct the thought of Christian men {End women to this good work of reclaiming h e outcasts, it was arranged that I should‘ pend a day with the missionaries working in the southeast of London, and also spend a} night on the streets and lanes of London“ ,AL__A_L LA It is the night tramp that I attempt to describe in this article. According to agree- ment, I met Mr. Gates at midnight, at Piccadilly Circus. Here we saw what is perhaps the saddest si ht, the darkest shadow of this great city. In a short walk of five minutes we counted 150 victims of man’s inhumanity to women. They were young, and, as a rule, beautiful in form and feature. They might have adorned homes of wealth and culture. Alas ! “ it might have been." As we pass from this shadow of death, we can hear the pitiful heart cry of many an unfortunate, saying, “ Can you help me to a. better life ; can you show me the way back 'l” \V'hat response does the Church of~ Christ make to that importunate appeal 1‘ Turning our steps eastward, we meets. youth of sixteen shuffling aimlessly along the streets, with his hands in his pockets. Addressing him we find him to be a. quiet, modest-appearing boy, with a sad, hungry face. His father is dead. He lefthis step- mother in the country, and had come to London for workâ€"a printer by trade, but now out of work and homeless. We gave him aticket to Collier‘s Rent Hall, where he could have achair to sleep on and a breakfast in the morning. His face bright- ened at the prospect, and with a. quickened pace he started for what to him was a. “ Bonanza.” To stand on Trafalgar Square in the day time is an inspiration. It makes one proud that he belongs to so great a nation as Great Britain, Here the spectator is re- minded of the magnificent achievements of Nelson, Napier, Havelock, and others of England’s heroes. \Vhat splendid triumphs of art and arms, of commerce and religion, gird one on every side. But at night the shadow falls, and the scene is changed. Such a. picture of squalid poverty and degra- dation I never before looked on. In the square surrounding the base of Nelson's Monument we counted 312 human beings huddled together like hogs, taking Nature’s sweet restorer, balmy sleep. l I am not wholly a. stranger to “ Buffalo Bill’s Wild VVeit” land. I have seen the Ojibway Indians of Dakota. in their wig- Wams ; have visited the Sioux in his tepee, where a dozen men, women and children lay around almoxt as nude as many of the pic- tures that adorn the art galleries. Strange how Nature in her coarseness and Art in her refinement meet and overlap! Iknow by actual observation how filthy and degraded the Indians live; but the Indians over our prairies are clean and comfortable compared with the mass of humanity heaped together on this square in the centre of Christian London. It was a pitiful spectacle to look on. There Were mothers with babes at their bosoms, sleeping in the damp night air, the hard stone their only bed and pillow. Let me briefly sketch some of the characters we met. There is a boy lying on his back sound asleep. The gaslight shining on his upturned face shows a bright, intelligent, beautiful face. There are mothers in the palace homes near by who would be proud to call sucha boy_their son. What possibili- ties of manhood lie sleeping in his soul. But what will his future be? Would that this lad could be saved before sinking to lower levels ! An old man of nearly seventy is shivering on his seat. He has been out ‘ four nights in succession. “I’m almost done up, sir,” he said. He looked it, as well as said it. At the morning breakfast I saw the same wearied, wasted face again. Curled up against the stone wall, we find a woman apart from the rest, as though she ,shrunk from such companionship. As she slowly opened her eyes, we saw her to be a woman about fifty, with a quiet, gentle lady-like address. Her clothes were poor“ but clean and neat. She sold chickweed for‘ a livingâ€"had her unsold bundle at her side. She was not often out at night. “I went to-day,” she said, “to see my brother at Battersea, but found that he was sick in St. Thomas’s Hospital. My day’s sales were not suflicient to procure a bed, so I was compelled to sleep on the streets.” Sleeping side by side on a seat are a man and his wife. While Mr. Gates talks with the man, I speak with the woman. Unable‘ to get work in the country, they had tried the c ty. The Woman keenly felt her posi- tion. “ I never expected to come to this,‘ sir. It's a terrible hard life, and sometimes I almost wish I was dead.” After the morning breakfast I observed Mr. Gates talking with them, and planning to get them some work. A discharged soldierâ€"and, by the way, we met many of this class in our nocturnal rambleâ€"tells us that he was “ in the army nineteen years for nothing,” and wishes he could get back to Africa, where there is al- ways plenty of work to be got. BY REV. J. B. SILCOX. There is a. Woman talking in a semi- preaching style to the motley crowd around her. Here are a few specimen sentences that I caught as I stood looking on the Weird scene at two o'clock in the morning: “ God made you in His own image. God loves you. What does drink do for you? Drink is your curse.” I asked a. young man at my side what she was doing. “She is talking religious, sir.” “ Do you know much about religion 1’" “ No, sir,” " Don’t you ever go to church ‘3” “ I was in once, air, a little while.” And this bome‘heathen was born in a land of churclies. To ayoung Scotchman I expressed sur- prise to find one of his nationality in such a. sorry plight. He had come some th ree weeks ago from the North of Scotland, ex- pecting to get work, but failing in this, was compelled to sleep, like Jacob, with a stone for a. pillow. Leaving the square, we wend- ed our way toward Chewing Cross, stumbl- ; A._____ ing on where. “ Why are you here ‘2” we my to a. man curled up against a wall. “ Well, air, like other unfortunate wretclles, ‘1 huge no work. Times are hard. Surely the Goveerent should do something. The Jubilee didn’t do us much good. The aristocracy don’t care whether we live or die. They would let us starve in the ditch, and kick us for dying." This seemed to me to be a severe criticism on the aristocracy. Repeating ti alew days ago, to a rominent Congrega- tional minister of Lon on, he said: “ I re- gret that the man‘s words are only too true. Those high up have really little or no sym- pathy with those who are low down." My own idea is that if those who have the control of London possessed an ordinary amount of sympathy ani fairness they would clean the narrow streets of South- East London as well as the streets of the West and Central parts. One needs a nose protector to walk through many of those streets. If I were an artist I would put on canvas some of the pictures we saw that night in the streets of Lon‘lon. Here is a rough sketch of one scene. We are in Covent Gar- den. It is half-past two o’clock. The gray morning light is breaking through and driv- ing backthe niuht. A mother lies on the hard stone pavement, her tired head resting on an upturned basket fora pillow. Her little boy, about five years old has awaken- ed. He hasa thin, sorry little face. Bu he is making the best of the situation, for with a little broken toy in his hand he is playing with a kitten. What a little hero he was, to be able to extract mirth from such surroundings, and what a. pleased grati- fied look the little fellow gave me when I ‘ handed him a penny ! An old Irish woman, sitting near by, tells us that she was only able to earn fivepence shelling peas, and some of the other poor women, she said, “were notable to make that much.” After a little friendly talk we pass on. Her parting words are, “Thank you, gentlemen, for the ticket; but I’m really more thankful for the little conversa- tion we have had than for the breakfast even.” These geople are human, and are hungry for human sympathy. We wakened a young woman about eigh- teen years old, sleeping soundly on the hard - stone. I saw her after breakfast in the mission hall, and she told me the story of her life. Father and mother had died when she was young. She had a brother and sis- ter somewhere in London, but “ they don’t care for me now, since I’m down in the world,” and her lips quiver and the tear forces itself to her cheek. '1be woman in the mission-hall persuades her to stay be- hind, and she will get her in the home, and after a while_find a place for her. But I must stop describing the characters we met. Along the Thames Embankment we found the seats filled, and also the re- cesses in the bridges. At four o’clock life begins to move again. The “ cheap break- fast " stalls are open to 'make an early penny from the hungry out-door sleepers. We are near our journey’s end. South and ‘ east of London Bridge we turn otfa main street, into Angel Court, passing the old Marshalsea Prison, familiar to the readers of Dickens as the birthplace of Little Dorrit. Entering the missionâ€"hall, we find it full of our invited guests, who have one by one gathered in during the night. What a strange, sad sight I If one could know the causes that led to this poverty, what a wise man he would be. The theologian accounts for it on the theory of total depravity and the solidarity of the race ; the political economist and socialiit afllrms that it all arises from a wrong adjustment of labour and capital ; Henry George avows that it is the natural result of vicious, unjust land laws ; the teetotaler is quite sure that nine- tenths is traceable to the liquor-traffic ; the don’t-care-man of the world, looking on the scene, says it all comes from “ pure cussed- ness "â€"that it is their own fault, and serves them right. What cause or combination of causes has- brought these people to this low level I don't resume to say. But here they are. If we elieve the first chapter of the Bible, these people were made in the image of God, are our brothers and sisters and we are their keepers. From conversation with them,I am persuaded thata large number are hon- est English working men and women who cannot get work, and are therefore driven to the streets. England has done much to Christianize and civilize the world. Her statesmen and philanthropists have given freedom to slaves and have elevated whole empires. If she will, she can remove ,,L_ -n L-.. A"... n nun; v... H. v 1 ~- â€"â€" 7 w . the blighting shadow that rests on her own great city. London is full of monuments, columns, statues, commemorating the heroic deeds of those who lived nobly and died gloriously for England’s honour on sea and land. Will not men, and men of equal self- denial and valour, arise to deliver the land from her internal foes, ignorance, poverty, irreligion and drink 2' More men of the Shaftesbury and Peabody type are needed. I have not space to describe the break- fast scene. After breakfast Mr. Gates gave out the hymn, “ What a. Friend we have in Jesus 1” That hymn will always have aiul- ler meaning to me. I noticed that nearly all sang it. Over yonder a. woman’s clear voice rises above the others singing, “ Have we trials and temptations ?” When the line “ We should never be discouraged" is reached, I notice that the woman who sold chickweed has stopped singing. Her tears are her song. A man ,not far from me began to sing, but his head soon dropped, and I could see him struggling to hide his emotion. \Vho can tell what memoi'ies, what repent- ances, swept through the soul as they sang, “ Are we weak and heavy laden '2” etc. ‘3 Does not their present condition arise as much from their weakness as from their wickedness ‘2 J " . v 7 men who were lying around every Japanese Women as Physicians. Japan has for several years been showing some readiness to admit western influences within the precints of its civilization, al- though this has apparently been done after considerable hesitation and deliberation, for it is said that this nation some years ago sent several deputies to the west to enquire into our civilizntion and religion and that after careful observation as to practical Christianity, at least, they decided that their own morals were quite as good as those of the west, and that, for a. time at least, they would still adhere to their own religion. But, nevertheless, they have slow- ly been adopting some of our usages, as, for example, the admission of Women to the practice of medicine. Two Japanese ladies have lately returned from the western world, where they have been studying medi- cine, and which they intend to practice in their native land. But there has really ‘been less prejudice against women-physi- cians in that country than in the western countries; for it has long been the custom to instruct the women of Japan in medicine. As far back as 723, says an authority, fe~ male professors were appointed to teach me- dicine to their sex; and now they are ac- corded the further privilege of practising it. ‘Yet in these more enlightened countries it has, until quite recently, been considered droll, and 1 think there may still be found traces of the old prejudice, that a woman should take a professional interest in this or any other branch of knowledge or practice. May we not still learn something from the east and find our missionary efforts react upon ourselves? Henry’s Lake is one of the wonders of the Rockies. Directly on the summit of the continental divide, in a. depression or gap called Targee’s Pass, is a. body of water that was given its name in honor of an old trapper who made his home on its borders. Henry’s Lake is of oval shape and has an area. of forty square miles. It is entirely surrounded by what seems to be solid land, and one really concludes that it has no out- let. On the west side lies a. level meadow, which floats on the water, and the hidden outlet is beyond it. Near the rim of the basin. isa shallow pool, out from which flowsa creek, the source of the north fork of Snake river. A species of the blue joint grass of luxnr» iant growth floats upon the water and sends out a. mass of large hollow white roots, which form a mat so thick and firm that a horse can walk with safety over the natural pontoon. The decayed vegetation adds to the thickness of the mat and forms a. mold in which weeds, willows and small trees take root and grow. Back from the new border the new land is firm, and supports pine and aspen trees of small growth. A An island of the same turf formation floats about the lake. The floating body of land is circular and measures .300 feet in diameter. A willow thicket thrives in the centre, interspersed with small aspens and dwarf pines. The little trees catch the breeze and are the sails that carry the island on its orbits. It is a. common complaint that the farm life 3 not appreciated by our people. We long for the more elegant pursuits, or the ways and fashions of town. But the farmer has the most safe and natural occupation, and ought to find life sweeter if less highly seasoned, than any other. He alone. strict- ly speaking, has a. home. How can a. man take root and thrive without land? He Writes his history upon his fields. How many ties, how many resources he has; his friendships with his cattle, his team, his dog, his trees, the satisfaction in his growing crops, in‘ his imprbved fields; his intimacy with nature. with bird and beast, and with the quickening eremental forces; his co-operation with the clouds, the sun, the seasons, heat, Wind, rain, frost. Nothing will hurt the various social distempers which the city and artificial life breed out of a. man like farming, like direct and loving contact with the soil. It draws out the poison. It humbles him ; teaches him patience and reverence, and restores the proper tone to the system. Cling to the farm and ’meke much of it;bestnw your head and your brain upon it, so that , ,,J _nJ:A‘.. “A..- ":ntunu it will a$§br of y'ou and radiale your virtues aftex your dsy’a work is done. A Marvellous Lake. Life on the Farm.