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It is a prevalent idea among farmers that the bare fallow imparts fertility to the land. This idea. is probably grounded upon the fact that improved crops are generally grown upon such land. This, however, does not arise from any additional fertility imparted to the land by the bare following process, but rather by the liberation of fertilizing ‘ substances already in the land through 1. weathering agencies while the process of ' cultivation is going on. On the other hand, lin wet seasons there isa serious loss of ifertility. which to some extent arises from 'surface washing, but in a far greater degree from the teaching of nitrates out of the soil through the medium of the drainage water. This loss through leaching is almost entirely obviated in the season of vegetation by growing crop upon the land, as has been demonstrated by experiments conducted upon this farm and elsewhere. Summer fallowing may be necessary some- times in hard clay sections where hoed crops may not be grown with profit. It may so be necessary where land is both foul and poor. In the former instance rye may be sown upon the land the previous August, pastured the same autumn, and ploughed under the latter part of the following May, to the great, ad- vantage of the stiff soil, both mechanically and chemically. Durin the remaining por- tion of the season the cvfitivation may be the same as is ordinarily adopted with the bare fallow. In the latter instance rye may he sown in autumn and ploughed under in the end of May following. It may then be sown to buckwheat or rape, which will also be ploughed under when ready. Such land will then be capable of growing a crop, The amount of land requiring such treatment is not very large, especially where farming is carried on at all as it ought to be. Where hoed crops can; i:e grown, summer fallowing is not a necessity. The ground can be effectually cleaned while growing these crops. When done in this way no labour bill is incurred, as the crop grown al- most invariably more than meets the cost of producing it. All forms of hoed crops are not equally well adapted to the cleaning of land. Potatoes are probably the least use- ful for thiq purpose. Corn is good, and rape is excellent. To be successful, however, attention should be given to weed destruc- tion later in the season than is generally done. ' My contention is that the larger portion of this expenditure is unnecessary. It is always unwise to be extreme. I do not take the ground that summer following should never be resorted to, but rather that it is seldom necessary where farming is properly oar-rip]! nut and that “Mahala fallow pure and Simple should at all times be avoxded. Where summer {allowing is a necessity some form of crop should invariably be grown upon it for plowing under to enrich the land am} to benefit it in other ways. I hope, therefore, that our iermers will give their serious attention to the reduction of this form of outlay to the lowest possible limit. Our farms can be kept clean with- out resorting to the bare fallow pure and simple. Why then should we not govern ourselves accordingly? This form is being cleaned in three years throughout its whole extent, without the bare fellow and without missing a. single crop. On the other hand, we often get two crops in year while the cleaning process is going on; and what is being done here can he done elsewhere when the condi- tions of soil are at all similar. When the bread-winner of a. home is con- stantly employed, he has no serious difficulty usually in providing abundantly for the wants of his family, but let him have alters nations of work and idleness and the supplies soon diminish. So it is with our lands. Let us keep them constantly at work and our re- turns will be continuous. By so doing it will be better for our lands and better for us, pro- viding we manage them on the improved principles of a. progressive agriculture. We cannot afl‘ord to let our lands lie idle in this time of small profits, even where the man- agement is in other respects wise and prudent. It is impossible to ascertain with accuracy the amount of land set aside annually as bare fallow, as no statistics are collected under this head by the Bureau of Industries. The amount of land devoted annually to fall wheat is about 800,000 acres. The estimate is probably a moderate one which would put one-fourth of this acre- age as grown upon the bare fallow. We have therefore 200,000 acres as the quan- t’ty of land annually cultivated in this y. The further estimate is not an ex- tr vagnnt one, as every farmer knows very wel , which puts the cost of labor expended on the bare fallow at $8 per acre. If the as- sumption is correct that 200,000 acres are summer {allowed annually in this province, the cost; of the operation to the farmers is therefore $1,600,000 annually. We have never lost a. cheese, though some makers predicted such a result because we use whole milk and make soft cheeseâ€"so soft it can be spread like butter. We made sixteen last season ; sold one, gave one and fieoes from others to friends. The press, To a? Editor : =Sir,-â€"I.n these days of small margins the farmer must economize so far as he can, not 'n and way but in every way that is reason- a le, if he is going to have a margin on the r’ ht side which is worthy of the name. is season, owing to the excessively dry wéather in some localities, to realize :1. mar- gin‘aof profit will be impossible under any cir umstances. He must not only economize in r agard to labour [and expenditure gener- ally,lbut he must also economize in every- thingthat relates to the modes of working his land.' The greatest extravagance in which .he indulges in this respect at the present time is probably the extent to which the bare fallow still forms part of his system ofrotation. He still clings to it in many 10- calities as being indispensable both to the cleanlinessof the farmand the successful grow- ing of certain crops. The farmers of Ontario will be loth to believe that they are expend- ing needlessly on the bare fallow annually what would cost them more than $1,000,000 by way of labour of man and team if all this had to be hired at current rates. It is my conviction, however, that such is the case, and that in all probability labour to the value of $2,000,000 annually expended in this way, rather than to the extent of $1,- 000, 000. Ont. Agric. 001., Guelph, July 17 AGRICULTURAL. Home Cheeseâ€"How Made. Yours etc. , The Bare Fallow. THOMAS SHAW. Remove 1'er the press, gréase the cheese all over with sweet-melted butter, place on a square of white cloth on a board a. little larger than the cheese. The rubbing with butter must be continued once each day, when the cheese is turned, which care mustbe continued for about eight weeks, when the cheese will be cured. Flies are attracted by cheese-making, and aftera few days should a. round hole or crack be noticed when turn- ing the cheesein vestigate the broken place ; if skippers are found dig them out with a. knife and fill up the breakage with good cheese ‘ mashed between the fingers, then sear tle‘ place with a Lot iron or cover with note paper, after which use butter tillthc surface is covered. Eternal vigilance is the price of good cheese. Should a cheese show a ten- ency to spread (as nice cheese generally does soon after being taken from the press) it should he bandaged, greasing over the bandage each day. Sometimes a cheese will leak after getting it on the board ; mark that cheese and use it soon as ripened; for such cheese is apt to mould inside if kept long. Only two cheese can be made a week if but one press is ownedâ€"-lhat is, if made as we make cheese. In winter we put the cheese into a barrel, place the barrel in a dry closet where the cheese will not freeze, and by looking at them occasionally and rubbing Whenever mould appears, they will keep nicely. As in all other uses to which milk is put, every utensilâ€"press, basket, hoops, follower, dippers and knives, and each cloth ‘â€"â€"must be kept scrupulously clean to pro- duce best result. . cheese, and so near alike that when the cheese is cured no one can tell where one curd began or another ended. Now place in the hoop, apply pressure, turn in one hour, at night and in the morning as before, until forty-eight hours have passed. In the morning the milk was served in a. similar way, save that less rennet was used, for the cows gave less milk in the morning When the morning curd had drained suffi- cientlyâ€"usually about 11 o’clockâ€"both the night’s and the morning’s curd were cut into (lice containing about three-fourths of a cubic inch each, the whole immersed in a. bath of the morning’s Whey heated no warm- er than freshly drawn milk. 'After about five minutes the curd was drained through the strainer over the basket. salted to suit the taste, enclosed in a. strainer (strainers are used all through the pressing process). put in the hoop,pla.ced in the press with {ull amount of pressure, Where it remained one hour; then it was removed from the press, taken from the hoop, the strainer rinsed or a. clean one used, put back into the hoop the other side up from what it was during the first pressure, great care taken to have the strainer smooth over the cheese, and pressure again applied ; turn at evening and again in the morning. Prepare a. third and fourth curd according to the directions for the first and second, remove the cheese from the press and cut the partlyApressed cheese into small dice and mix it thoroughly with the third and fourth curds. We have cts.) and two thin muslin flour bags, washed and bleached, were used for strainers : the edges 01 all the strainers were nicely over- castâ€"for hems will leave it mark on the cheese. XVe had fine choiCe~grade Jerseys and Guernseys ; but in July butter melting is not profitable : besides we wanted cheese for home use. The rennet (‘25 cts.) was procured of ourlocal butcher, out into pieced about an inch square and put into a quart glass can, was filled with salt water, and, except when open to dip therefrom, kept tightly closed. Each night, as soon as the milk was drawn, it was strained into a tin boiler, a. small tablespoonful of the liquid from the rennet-jaradded immediately :after standing about forty minutes the curd was cut with a. knife into squares ahgut 1 1-2 in. each way; twenty minutes later it was broken up by the haul; then, whenythLe curd had sufficiently settled the whey .first as much as possible, afterward-the curd was dipped into the cloth strainer fastened pver the cheese-basket and left to drain‘ all night. ' of oak plank, a. home-made afi'air, bought of the estate of the Dow family, was probabt. 1y in use at the time Lorenzo Dow, the eccentric preacher, was fulfilling the com- mand “ Go Ve into all the work ,” etc. The press, with basket, twn hoops a'nrl followers: In some sections there will be a. very fair crop of apples, and in others a very small one, while on the whole the crop of winter apples will be less than the avera e this year. Possibly the fall apples will 3 ow an average crop. Baldwins appear to have sufiered the most and will make a very poor showing this year. Spies will belittle better. Of fall apples gteenings show up better than any other kind. It looks now, while we may have more apples to export than we had last year, that we willnot have an aver- age crop for export. The cause is uncertain. They did not show very large in blossom this year ,but this (lm-s not appear to be any very certain criterir ~ I' the size of the pro- spective yield. Last year there was the largest show of blossoms we (Ever had and it was followed by the smallest crop. In the westâ€"Essex and Huronâ€"the prospects of a. large crop are particularly good. The ex- port trade in apples is no inconsiderable one as may be seen from the following figures :â€" ' “ . 11 u It must be unfortunater recognized as a. fact that show stock must be fat, very fat. But is it not time we got over that sort of nonsense? At the fat-stock shows it is part of the plan that the animal be fat. The theory is that it shall carry all the fat it can, and that then we shall be told how the fat was created and what it cost to make it. The fat~stock show is to show us the com- parative value of animals as meat-producers, and the comparative cost of production. But the fair has no such purpose. If it had the fat-stock show would not be needed. A lean animal will give us as good an idea. of the breed as a fat one, and a. mighty sight better idea. The objection to this stuffing process by which animals are fatted for the fairs is that many animals are greatly injur- ed by it. 1889 1888 1886 1884 The dairyman needs hay richer and more succulent; in quality than the ordinary stock 25 cts. Two yards of c Overfeeding For Fairs. When to Out Grass. The Apple Crop. Barrels 378,475 771,971 .402,l41 238,936 mark on t_he grade Jersey/ts mtter mafdng wanted cheese $ 993,163 1,528,449 852,890 602,260 Mowers, cloth (8 Value Mn“ N. .L- 4-; I... 4.:“1 vtru. Tho hm, W111 be soft and sweet-smelling, and the eflect it has upon the milk and butter is truly remarkable. ThlB may not be the best hay for stock of a. general nature, but it is (ciertaiuly the ideal dairyman’s Winter fod- er. The dairyman to get the best winter hay then should cut his grass before it has head- ed or blossomed. No carrots or daisies will then be in it to reduce its quality, and the stalks will be so sweet and tender that they can be readily masticated by the animals. All is nutriment, and nothing stored in the barn will be wast/e. Such grass should be cured in cocks, and taken under shelter as breeders. He needs hay which will sweeteni his milk and‘give a, characteristic spring- like flavor to the butter. Everything. nearly, has been tried to make the right article of food for the cows in winter, so they can be induced to give good milk, which will make butter 3f fine quality. The vari- ous mixtures now fed to winter cows are certainly superior to many of the old fash- While going round the Horn bid weather was encountered, and the vessel was wreck- ed on a sunken rock in Nassau Bay, forty miles westof Deceit Island. The crew left in the boats with nothing but What they stood in and rowed to an island ninety miles distant on which there was a. mission- ary station called Ushurvia, with several mabel English missionaries, and a station for the reliel of shipwrecked sailors kept by the Argentine Republic, which also sends its prisoners there. certainly superior to many of the old fash- ioned rations, but there can be a. vast im- provement upon the hay if it is cut earlier in the season. A Tlmley Shot Saves Flve Sailors from Torture by Fire. Capt. Joseph Perry, of the barkentine Hustler, has just arrived home from a. long sea. voyage. The Hustler was launched in Bath. Me. , last November and sailed forPhil- adelphia. light, thence for Seattle with a cargo of iron pipe. The usual time for cutting hay is so late in the year that nearly all the juicy suc- culent portions of it have escaped, and cows will avoid it even when it is growing in the fields. They will leave the patches of full- grown hay alone, and search around for some younger growths. Every (lairyman knows what a. difference the early pastures have upon the milk flow, and how, later in the season, when the grass becomes mature, the milk and butter lose that fine fragrance and superior flavor. All of this argues that grass loses much of its valuable parts for the dairyman after it has reached acertain stage of maturity. We cannot expect hay made from such grass to be any better. The fine quality in the butter which the Spring grass produces cannot be obtained in the Winter from cows fed on over ripe hay. f1 l The captain says that five of the men who started across the country from Sandy Point bound for the missionary station were captured by savages, bound to trees and fires built around them, when one of the men managed to get his hands free and, drawing a revolver, shot one of the Indians, which so frightened the rest of them that they ran away and the men escaped. After having spent twenty-five days in this locality they left. for Buenos Ayres, thence they went to Southliampton, England, from there to New York and thence home to Maine. [low Insects Breathe. If we take any moderately large insect, saya. wasp or a. hornet, we can see, even with the naked eye. that a series of small, spot-like marks run along the side of the body. These apparent spots, which are eighteen or twenty in number, are in fact the apertures through which air is admitted into the system, end are generally formed in such a. manner that no extraneous matter can by any possibility find entrance. Some- times, says the Imtheran Obserrer, they are furnished with a pair of horny caps, which can be opened and closed at the‘will of the insect: in other cases they are densely, fringed with still, interlacingbristles forming a filter, which allows air, and air alone. to pass; but the apparatus, of whatever character it may be, is so wonderfully per- fect in its action that it has been found impossible to injure the body of a. dead insect with even so subtle a medium as spirits of wine, although the subject was first immersed in the fluid and then placed beneath the receiver of an air-pump. The apertures in question communicate with two large breathing tubes, which extend through the entire length of the body. From these main tubes are given off innumerable branches, which run in all directions and continually divide and sub-divide, untila wonderfully intricate network is formed, pervading every part of the structure and penetrating even to the antennae. The Flight of Rats. It seems extraordinary to observe a. num- ber of bats in the evening flying back and forth through the trees with remarkable rapidity, but without ever coming in Con- tact with the branchesor hurting themselves. Spallanzani, the Italian naturalist, placed a hat in a. dark enclosure, across which were stretched a number of threads, crossing and recrossing each other. The bat flew rapidly back and forth trying to effect its escape, but avoided the threads with as much ease as if they had not been in its way in the least. Whether this curious power was the result of a sixth and unknown sense was long a puzzle to naturalists. To decide this knotty point Spallanzani resorted to the cruel expedient oi blinding a bat, and Found that it still flew among the threads Without being to all appearances, any more incon- venienced than if it still had its eyesight. (TAPTI'RED B" SAVA PS Princess Fredéfiélg Lébpold o? Prussia: the brother of the Duchessof Connaughb, were looked upon as husbands for EnglighiprjnceAsses, but. after the quarrel Kaiser Wilhelm show- ed his antipathy for ” English blood, ” to which it will be remembered, he attributed all his bodily ills and humors, by getting Prince Leo-hold married off to one of the younger sisters of the Empress, much to the indignation of the English Court at the tlme. Now that Kaiserand the English royalfamily are reconciled, the marriage of Augusten- burg and Princess Maud is quite in order. And for the English princess the unio‘ will rm Amman“, not a bad ch, ror tho. ne Duxe is not asfirich as Prince Fruu:..xuk Leopold, who is one of the wealthiest royal personages of Europe, he is said to have from $100,000 to $175,000 a year from the Prussian Government under the treaty that made Schleswig-Holestein a. Prussian pro- vince and his estates in Silesia. produce sever- al thousand dollars a year. He is said to be a. good fellow as princesfgo, and is especially fond of shooting, riding and racing. The announcement made that Duke Ernst Gunther of Schleswig- Sonderburg- Augus- tenburg, the only brother of the German Empress , is paying arduous attention to the Princess Maud. the youngest daughter of the Prince of \Valcs, did not come exactly asa surprise. Over two years «go it was whispered in Berlin that the Princess was to be betrothed to the Duke, Who is the head‘ of the ancient princer housa Whose title he hears. He was born on the 11th of August, 1863, and is thefore 28 years old. His father was the Duke Frederick of Schleswig-Hol- stein, for whose rights Prussia and Austria declared war against Denmark in 1864, but who was never permitted to reign in the Duchies after they were taken from the Danes. Duke Ernst is a nephew of Prince Christian, the father of the Princess who was married yesterday at Windsor to Prince Aribert of Anhalt-Dessau. Matters had gone so far two years ago, in fact, that the information was vouchsafed that the 1:“ -lsome mansion belonging to Count Pouimles, situated near the Imperial Palace in Berlin. would propably be chosen as the town residence of the young couple. Duke Ernst, who is a. lieutenant in the Emperor’s Hussars of the Body Guard sta- tioned at Potsdam, was to be transferred to a. cavalry regiment in Berlin after his wed- ding. It is thought tobe not at all unlikely that the present visit of the Emp‘eror and nu marriage Sule 3. marriage would be considered tantamount to the making up of the quarrel that began between the Kaiser and the Eng- lish Court immediately after the death of Kaiser Frederick. Before that disturbance, both the Duke of Augustenburg and‘ PriPce W. ll. Gladstone Died linden the Influence of [he Anmslheuc. The death of \V. H. Gladstone, son of the Grand Old Man, was caused by the chloro- form that was administered and was not the result of the operation. His mother, Mrs. W. E. Gladstone, is much distressed by the reports that certain newspapers have circu- lated concerning her son’s illness, such as suggesting suicide, although it was well known for two years he had been in bad health. Since the beginning of his illness Mr. W. H. Gladstone had remained almost in the same state, neither gaining nor losing and at last he decided to have an examina- tion of his head. On Thursday last he was put under chloroform, but as it was found to be dangerous to attempt to remove the tumor the operation was abandoned. He, however, never recovered consciousness, but being too weak to withstand the action of the chloroform he died from heart failure. , rV .VH” of Gerfiany to Englafid W111 be followed by the official announcement of the In connection with the above the follow- ing paragraph from the Berlin correspond- ent of the London Times, dated the 24, should be read with interest. He says : “ M. Raoul Pictet, the celebrated chemist and authority on the diffusion of gases, is at present in Berlin with theobject of arranging with the manufacturers of chloroform here for the adoption of his new process. I understand that the negotiations in virtue of which Berlin will obtain the monopoly of his method are still pending, but I have ob- tained from a trustworthy source the follow- ing particulars of M. Pictet‘s discovery : M. Pictet, who is about, 49 years of age is a. well-known Savant, his reputation as an original investigator being due chiefly to- his demonstrations that nitrogen, hydro- gen and oxygen may be made to as- sume a liquid or a. solid form at a. very low temperature and under great pressure. Temperance Man: “I was glad to observe that: at, the recent launching your vessel was chyigpegec} with Burg: water insteaii of wine: ’_’ 01d Salt: “ Quite correct. I just said to myself, ‘Cap’n Seadog,’ said 1, ' this thing has got to stop. I ain’t goin’ to waste any more good liquor on such foolishnéss. We’ll drink the Wine and Christen her with wat- 1” er. ‘7‘ it is a. known fact that hitherto abso- lutely pure chloroform has not been procur- able. All tests have shown the presence of certain impurities. But it is also an ascer- tained fact, proved by statistics, that impure chloroform is extremely dangerous, because of the uncertainty of its effects, and that the majority of cases of deaths under chloro- form are traceable to the actions of impuri- ties. Hence it is of the utmost importance that chloroform should be pure, and it has been the constant endeavor of medical men to obtain it in a pure state. M. Pictet has invented a. process by which this result is obtained, and absolutely pure chloroform is procured. By this process he is able to reduce the temperature of the chloroform to 130 degrees Celsius below zero. The impurities can be separated at 23 degrees below zero. This surprising achievement is likely to have the most far-reaching results, and to be of the greatest value in the manu- facture, not only of chloroform, but of many other products. ” Edward Hanlan, Champion Oarsman , says: “ For muscular pains in the limbs, I have found St. Jacobs 011 a relinbleremedy. Its results are the most beneficial, and I have pleasuw in recommending it from per- sonal exgaerience. ” PURE CHLOROFORM NOT PROCURABIE SI'CCIYH BE!) T0 (Ill LOROFORM THE NEXT ROYAL MARRIAGE» Maud of Wales will rrobnbly Hurry Dull-Kc Gunther. Personal Expe Hence. An Innovation. Dr. \Vort um (wrath)â€"Where is the blooming chump who put up that last piescrighiog forflMrt Stake; ? ‘ Drugg‘isn (humility)â€"The head clerk, sir ; he has gone to dinner. I trust there is nothing wropg. Duv‘VorkVum (more wratb)â€"Nothing wrong ? \Vel], I guess. Why, the ass put up quinine in those capsules by mistake for sugar of milk and Shaker has got rid of that ague‘ A little innocent misunderstanding il sometimes very useful in helping one over a hard_ Plgcg.» “ Mabel,” said a teacher last week at a London school, “ spell kitten.” Mabel : “ K-double-i-t-e-n.” “ Kitten has two i’s then, has it 2” Mabel: ” Yes, ma’am, our kitten has.” McGinnisâ€"Your overcoat is awful dirty. Gilhoolyâ€"Yes, I dropped it, into the mud last night when] was coming home from the lodge. “ Hovw did you happen to let go of it '3” ” I didn’t let go of is. I was inside of it when it fell in the mud.” Gmudfatherâ€"Tmnmy, what did you do with the two nickels I gave you yesterdays? Tommyâ€"I spent one of them on candy, and the othex I gave to a. poor blind man: Grandfatherâ€"“Johnnie, What did youA-xdo with the two nickels I gave you ‘3 Johnnieâ€"I have got them yet. Grandfatherâ€"Now let me give you two little bays some good advice. Tommy, you had better keep on the good side of Johnnie, as you’ll need his assistance before you die. And Johnnie, you had better have as little to do as possible with Tommy when you grow up, or else he will always be bor- rowing money from you. ; “ We are six in famo lAFarmer at ily. We live in a lace where we are Edc'm’Texas’éhbject to violent Says: Colds and Lung Troubles. I have used German Syrup for six years successfully for Sore Throat, Cough, Cold, Hoarseness, Pains in the Chest and Lungs, and spitting-up of Blood. 1 have tried many difl'er- ent kinds of cough Syrups in my time, but let me say to anyone wantâ€" ing such a medicineâ€"German Syrup is the best. That has been my ex- perience. If you use it once, you will go back to it whenever you need it. It gives total relief and is a quick cure. My advice to every- one sufiering with Lung Troublesis â€"â€"-â€"Try it. You will soon be con- vinced. In all the families where your German Syrup is used we have no JOhn trouble with the - Iilungs at all. It is Franklin t e medicine for this country_ V Jones. 0. G. GREEN, Sole Man’fr,Woodbury,NJ. Sold by an druggists. 51; six for $5: Preparedonly by C. I. HOOD 5: 00., Apothecaries, Lowell, Mass. is thus Peculiar to “Self-and hbsolutely 1m- equalled as a blood purifier, and as a. tonlc buildingup the weak and giving nervesuength. is the characteristic of Hood3s 88333136511; Lnd it is manifextedevery day inthe rem- Lble cures this medicine Accompfishes. gists say: When we sell abottle-of to a new customer we are sure to see Tinn- back in a few weeks aft/er more.â€"prming shat the good results from a. trial bane war‘ rant continuing its use. This positive mefit possesses by virtue of the Peculiar Combina- lion, Proportion and Process used in maple. paration. and by which all the remedial value‘ of the ingredients used is retained. Hood’s Sarsapafilla Hood’s Sarsapariflg Hood’s Sarsaparilia Hood’s Sarsaparifla loo Doses One Dollar ackflcbeé 3--....m- in d mafia; IT HAS NO EQUAL. lTTuXJ‘fiye‘a'L‘F/KL. ’11” US THE BEST! fihaumat' '. Smmm Raa Merit CURES PERMANENTLY Wheels Within Wheel With Two Eyes. A Bad Mistake. Good Advice.