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W NoTES 0F SIESCE AND INDUSTRY. Investigations made by Sir \Villiani Thom- son shov that metallic copper, when heated to the _ ,4, crature of boiling Water, in con- tact with lusi‘lber, exerts upon it a destructive eficct. Inlorder to ascertain whether this is due to the copper in or of itself, or to its power of conducting heat more rapidly to the rubber. a sheet of rubber was laid upon a plate of glass, and on it four clean disks were placed, one of copper, one ofplatinuin, one of zinc, and one of silver. After a few days in an incubator at one hundred and fifty degrees, Fan., the rubber under the copper had become quite hard that under the platinum had become slightly affected and hardened at different parts, while the rubber under the silver and under the zinc was quite hard, and elastic. From this it would appear that metallic copper exerts a great oxidizing effect on rubber, while platinum has only a slight effect and zinc and Silver respectively have no injurious influence at all. The interesting fact also appears that the rubber thus hardened by the copper really contained no appreciable trace of (“op perâ€"the latter, therefore, presumably, set. ting up the oxiziding action In the rubber without itself permeatinrr it. p _ One of the largest establishments .1“ this country has for some time been turning out paper belts that have the reputation of being superior in many respects to those of leather ; these belts are made from pure linen stock, and are of any desired thickness, width, or length, 11 \ving also a driving power equal to any other from an equal surface, and, while it is not claimed for them that they are adapted to all kinds of work, they are found to serve well as straight driving belts of not less than five inches in width. Where they have been tested side by side with leather belts for strength and durability, they are alleged to have proved equally satisfactory. adhering very closely to the pulley, gener- ating no electricity while running, being also flexible, and unaffected by temperature with- in ordinary limits, though there is one place in which they cannot be used, and that is Where they have to run in water, or where they would be constantly subjected to incis- ture. Itis admitted that this kind of belt- ing is best adapted to heavy driving belts, and for this purpose it is not only much the cheapest material, but when once in position will run until worn out. As compared with the products of other countries in this line, the residue from the distillation of Canadian petroleum are proâ€" :nounced superior in the manufacture of lubricating oil and vaseline. They form a viscid and even soapy mass, and this, in the subsequent manufacturing precess, is heated by steam and then well agitated with sul- phuric acid to remove the resin which is still present, after which, and running off the resin by a tap, the excess of acid is neut- ralized with caustic soda or sodium carbon- ate solution, and the oil thoroughly washed with hot water until all the soda is removed. The material is then decolorized by animal harcoal, the liquid Vaseline being stirred with the charcoal by the aid of steam, a. d then filtered hot. The only difficulty w ich is to be overcome in purifying this dis ‘1lation residue lies in the correct pro- port on of soda solution to acid, which must be cl sely adhered to since an excess of the format may emulsify the whole mass. The animal charcoal which is employed to de- colorize the hot vaseline contains, of course, many inorganic salts, especially calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate, as well as potassium chloride, sodium :chloide &c., that it must be washed Out with hot water then with hydrochloric acid, then again with hot water, and finally dried. Another substitute for bone, celluloid, &c., in some of the industrial arts has been brought to public attention, the substance in this case being milk, its usefulness being exhibited in the form of combs, billiard balls, brush backs, knife handles, and various other articles for which ivory, bone, or celluloid are employed. In accomplishing this casein, or the solids in milk, is first reduced to a partially gelatinous condition by means of borax or ammonia, and then mixed with mineral salt dissolved in acid or Water, which liquid issubsequentlyevaporat- ed. The casein is placed in a suitable vessel, and the bore): incorporated with it by heat, the proportions being ten kilograms of casein to three of borax, dissolved in six litres of water, and, on the casein becoming changed in appearance, the water is drawn off, and to the residue, while still of the consistency of melted gelatine, there is added one kilo- gram of mineral salt held in solution of three litres of water. Almost any of the salts of iron, lead, tin, zinc, copper, or other min- erals soluble in acid may be used. On the mixture being effected, the solid matter is found separated from the greater portion of the acid and Water, and is then drawn 03. Next the solid matter is first subjected to great pressure to drive out all possible moisture, and then to evaporation under great heat to remove any remaining moisture. The resulting product, called “ lactites," can be moulded into any form, and by ad- mixture of pigments or dyes may be of any desired color A most interesting account was given at the Freiburg meeting of the International Conference on degree measurement, concern- ing a series of simultaneous observations carried on in three different citiesâ€"Berlin, Strasburg, and Pragueâ€"and which showed that an appreciable decrease in latitude is in progress, at least in Middle Europe, a simi- ar phenomenon having also been noted at other places in Europe. This, of course im. plies an alteration in the direction of the earth's axisâ€"that is, the poles and equator, latitude and longitude, are not, as has usu- ally been assumed practically fixed datas. It apprars according to this interesting com- munication to the Conference that the amount of ascertained decrease of latitude at the end 0sz six months period, as thus noted viz., from August, 1889, to Feb. 1880 was half a second : and it is also stated that the Berlin obseryations, as recorded for the half year ending last August, showed an increase in latitude amounting to 0.4, or two-fifths of asecond. Fluctuation of the axes is thus due, it is remarked, to a minute oscillation, probabls owing to some changes in the in- ternal masy of our planet, and not to be con- founded with tlie precession of the equin- oxes. A writer in the Glasgow Eugimcr, in pointing out some of the most practicable data in testing iron and steel, lays down a Simple rule to start with, namely, that in any case where a fracture of iron gives lonu, Sllky fibres of a leaden hue, the fibres colic:- ing and twisting together before breaking, it may be considered a tough, soft iroii. Further, a medium, even grain, mixed with fibres, is a good sign, while a short and blackish fibre indicates badly refined iron, 3 a very fine grain also denoting a bird and steely iron, which is apt to be cold-short and hard to work with the file. Again, coarse grain with brilliantcrystallized fracture and yellow or brown spots, denotesa brittle iron, cold-short, working easily when heated, and welding wcll. Nitric acid will produce a black spot on steelâ€"the darker the spot the harder the steelâ€"while iron, on the contrary. remains bright if touched With that acid. Good steel in its soft state has acurvcd fracture and a uniform gray lustre, but in its hard statea dull, silvery, uniform white ; again, good steel will bear a white heal without falling to pieces, and Will crumble underthe hammer at abright heat, while at a middling heat it may be drawn out under the hammer to a fine point. â€"â€"-â€".â€"â€""â€"â€"- Punishment: in the French Army. The punishments in vogue in the French army are of a very severe nature. more es- pecially when it is considered that the men thus punished are not by any means crimin- als, but only soldiers who have not behaved so well as they might. These are deported to Algiers under the name of “ Camisai-ds,” where they are entrolled in the r‘onzpagnir‘s id.“ 411'w'iplinv, lieforc embarking, the man has his boots taken from him, which are re.- placcd by saliots, and on arriving at his destination he receives a uniform of grey wool and a cap with a large brim. The men are farmed out to do work, and are all the time under the supervision ofl nonmommissioned oilieers, who treat. their inferiors with the greatest brutality. If is, however, the punishmentst which the men are subjected for the most trifling offences - which must excite indignation. A common punishment is to keep them night and day in a hole in the ground with . perpendicular walls, so that escape is im- i ,ipossible. Scorching heat by day and Gold by night, with rations reduced to one quar- ter of their proper quantity, make the vtry common punishment of (lief/org;lo very try- ing. The imprisoning of men in the tom/75mm, or regulation tents, which are only fifty ecu- limetres bro ul and sixty high, is no rarity ; and during their incarceration the prisoners receive no water, nor wine, nor coffee. A I little meat and Some [cuff/mi is their whole‘ nourishment during the day. l But those who are punished with cells are ‘ inemnparably worse off. They are never ‘ allowed, under any circumstances, to leave the hole they are kept in either by day or by night. They have no duties or work to pass the time, and only get some warm soup every second day, with a very limited quan- tity of water daily. This punishment is made I still more severe by putting the man into v irons on certain occasions. The delinquent has two iron rings round his ankles, which ore connected by an iron bar rather more i than a footin length, so that his legs form an isosceles triangle with it. He is forced to lie down on his face, and then his arms are chained on his back, whereupon he is put into his (ombmu. He can only eat his soup I like a dog, and if he wants to drink he must seize his bottle with his teeth, and sliouldlic let the bottle fall his ration of water is lost for that day. Any complaints are at once stopped by a gag. Only quite reeentlya punishment was v in use called the erapaudine. The prisoner's l hands and feet were chained together, and ' in this posture he was strung up on to an iron bar. The Camisard is alsoin use. The soldier is first put into a strait-jacket, his hands are tied on his back, and round his neck an iron collar is fastened, which is attached to an iron bar in the wall. The man has to stand in this position as long as eight days, unable to lie down, or to do anything for himself. _â€"o_.__ Dynamllc Experiments. A recent departure in firing dynamite or other high explosives in a shell and from an ordinary gun has recently met with great success in Manchester, England. Mr. J. E. Bott is the inventor. Instead of the cumbersome machinery necessary to furnish the compressed air to drive the projectile Mr. Bott supplies a shell containing highly compressed air in its rear portion. The gun used is a breecli‘loader smooth-bore. \Vhen the shell is entered the action of fir- ing forces a pin inward at the base of the shell, thus fearing a hole in the retaining valve and liberating the compressed air. This drives the shell from the gun with wonderful force. It does not heat the gun, makes scarcely any noise, produces no smoke and has a much greater range than any pneumatic gun yet made, and the absence of fouling enables it to be used con. tinuously. â€"â€"W Two gentlemen having a difference, one went to the other’s door and wrote “ Scoundrel" upon it. The other called upon his neigthur, and was answered by a servant that his master was not at home. “ No matter," was the reply ; “ I only wish to return his visit, as he left his name at my door in the morning." ('liarlaluns and Quarks Have long plied their vacation on the suf- fering pedals of the people. The knife has pared to the quick : caustic applications .» have tormented the victim of corns until the conviction shaped itselfâ€"there’s no cure. Putnam’s Painless (‘orn Extractor proves on what slender basis public opinion often rests. If you suffer from corns get the Extractor and you will be satisfied. Sold everywhere. For love of money is tlicdiseasc which renders us most pitiful and grovcling, and love of pleasure is that which renders us most despicable.~â€"[Longiuus. Athletes all over the world chew Adains' Tutti Frutti Uum. l'lcaltliful and beneficial and aids digestion. Sold by all Druggists and Confectioners, 5 cents. Man can not sin alone; his acts, or words, or influence affects others, and till the judg- ment book is opened, no sinner will know the awfulness of his sin, or the widespread influence of his vice. GIBBONS' TO0TIIACIII-l Sold by all Ui‘iiggists. We must be made fast to something that is fast, if we are not swept like thistlcdown before the wind. \Vc cannot all be first, but T. A. 5L0- CUM of 156 West Adelaide b‘t., Toronto, Ont., must feel more than ordinary pride in the success of his valuable preparation for the cure of lung diseases, viz: sLUuUM’S OXYGENIZEU EMULSION of l’Ultlfl C01) LLVER 01L. No preparation of the kind has ever met with the some success in the sainc time and the ltSLllllOlllLLlS in its favor are all from the inst authentic sour- ces. livery druggist sells it. GUM. ‘ about. Too Careless with the English Language- Aclothing dealer, in Boston, advertised all-wool pantaloons for $2, advising the public to make haste and secure the great bargain, saying: “ They will not last long." Probably they would not. Neither will your health last long if you don’t take care of it. Keep Dr. Pierce’s Pleasant Pel- let; in your house. They are indispensable to every family, as they positively cure bil- liousness, with its endless train of distressing ailn‘icntsâ€"sick headache, irritability, con< stipation, dizziness and indigestion ; 8. mar- velous specific for liver and kidney troubles, and a pure vegetable compound. They are sugar-coated, the smallest pills made, and the best, because they do all they promise. All druggists sell them, and the proprietors guaranlcc them, and refund the price if they fail. He is my friend that helps me, and not he that pities me. “What :1. pity it is that his face is all pim lcs; llo'd be very fine looking if ‘twrisn't for! iat." Said pretty Miss Vere, with a smile at the dimples Reflected from under lhc nfllllly spring lmtg As she. looked at herself in the glas~, softly sighing. That she. had for (he young man a lender re. gard. There wasn‘t the least need of denyingâ€" for every one knew it. “His beauty is marred by the frightful red blotclies all over his face. I wonder if he couldn’t take SOHIC‘ thing to cleanse his blood, and drive them away ‘2" He heard what she said about his looks. It hurt his feelings, but he couldn't deny she told the truth. He remembered a. friend whose face used to be as bad as his. It had become smooth and clear. He went to him and asked how the change had been brought “ Simply by using llr. I'iCI‘Ce‘s Holden Medical llismvei‘y," was the, reply. ‘ Take that, and I‘ll warrant you to get rid of your pimples." Verily, courtesy is the. sister of e‘iiaiily, who baiiislics hatred and cherishes love. A [FiorcttL The one-how Shay. The peculiar feature of the “ one-hos; shay" was, that it was“ built in such a wonderful way" that it had no " weakest part." The “ weakest part” of a woman is invariably her back, and “ female weaknes- ses" are only too common. With the use of llr. l’icrce's Favorite Prescription, this may be avoided, and women may be comparative- ly as strong as their ‘brothers. Prolapsus, inflamalion, ulceration, periodical, pains, leucorrhea, dragging-down sensations, de- bility, nervousness, sleeplessness, despond- ency, are. only a few of the symptoms of weakness of the female organs which the “ Favorite Prescription" is ii'armnlczl to remove. Disease could not make a sun in the heavens : but it could make a man blind that he might not see'it. Hay fever takes a prominent place among the maladies that go to make life uncomfort- able during this month. Through the use of Nasal Balm the suderer will experience immediate relief and rapid cure. No other remedy equals it for the treatment of hay fever and catarrh. Sold by all dealers or sent on receiptof price (50c. and :31 a bottle). G. T. Fulford & 00., Broekville, Out. A. P. 567. :How are you?” “Nicely, Thank You.” . Thank Who?” 'Why the inventor of Ml“ Which cure me of cnsusrno." Give thank: for its discovery. That it does not make you sick when you take it. Give than)”. That it is three times as efficacious as the old-fashioned cod liver oil. Give thanks. That it is such a wonder- ful flesh producer. Girl: titanic. Thatit is the best remedy for Consumption, Sara/Ida, Z’ronc/zitz‘s, Wasting flir- eases, Cally/1.9 and 00st. Be sure you get the genuine in Salmon color wrapper; sold by all Druggists, at 50c. and $1.00. SCOTT & BQWNE, Belleville. . ‘ d . . PélTENTSll‘ifllii‘iélfiilltths r '. J. GRAHAM, ll Yonge SL. Toronto .OllON’l‘O CUTTING SCHOOL offers un- precedented facilities for ac uiring a thorough knowledge of Cutting. "erms on application. 63 King St. West. 1V AGIC SCALE FOR DRESS CUTTING V Taught. by Miss Cliubb, General Agent for Ontario, 2515.} Yonge St, Toronto. Out. .0 Tlll-l FRONT AGAIN. For 20 cents and the address of all the agents you know, we will mail you “ 'l‘alulago on Palesline." the latest production of the celebrated divine. nearly 200 pages. 14}. N. Meyer 8c 00.. 60 Yongc Street. Toronto. CANCER and Tumors cured without the knife, Send for book of treatment and testimonials, free. G.H.McMichacl. M. D., 63 NiagaraSt.. Buffalo, N.Y. r “H. Bli3l~lliisiness Education to prepare ' _ young men and young women for respon- Slblt‘DOSlllOnSli given at the GALT BUSINESS (.‘OLlJ‘lGl‘lJitllL Ont. lie-opens Sept. ls‘t. L‘irCu- lars free. 7 “cunts ! ’l‘l‘lACI'llellS! TEACHERS "l‘will 1 you to read this. Employment for the holidays is what you no doubt are look- ing for. Let us give you “ a pointer. " Write for lerins, &C., of our first class and fast selling books. Every book recommended. WILLIAMBIHUUS, Publisher, Toronto, Ontario For Circular Address J. DOAN 8; SON, 7'7 Nortlicote Ave.. Toronto YOl'lt SAVINGS. Can. plat-c $10 or thousands. l’ro- fits. 10 per cent. upwards 413 reliable 1m). pwildcal.” no gambling. Legitimate, conservative. no ' ‘ Always safe some “uses U l; AllAhTEEI). MINING. Real Estate, Loans. ‘Ficlds :â€"Brifish Columbia. \Vnshing- ton, Missouri. Write, stating class invest} meats preferred. , icprescnting " West Kooa enay," "Silver Tip." “Columbia-American," " VVcstCrn Consolidated." and " NorllflVcstei-n Development." Mining Companies, B. 0.. and. Marble Cave, Missouri. Address, “2 1L l.\'l\CII,ofiiccs, Spokane. Wash.,U.S.;Toronto Ottawa and Montreal, Canada. ' It is a certain and speedy cure for * ColdinthoHeadnndOatmhlnallltfl . .' ' ’ " ELBESB. SOOTHING. CLEANSING, HEALING. Instant Relief, Permanent Cure, Failure Impossible. Many sccalled diseases are shawl symptoms of Catarrh, such on hen - ache, partial deafness, losing E'Z'ie of smell, foul breath, hawking Ind splt- .. _ ting. nausea, general leelm of do. 7‘ bihty, ate. 1! you are troub ed with any of then or kindred I mptoms, your have Cntnnh, and shoe d lose no time msgocuflng a bottle of NASAL BALM. warned in time. neglected cold in head results in Cami-in, fol. lowed by consum tlon and death. '_ “ NAME BALM is 301 by all droughts or willbe sent. post mid on receipt of price (50 cents and 31.00) by Addressing . FULFORD a. C0,, Brockvllle, Ont. HAY FEVE CURED TO STAY CURED. We want the name and ad- dress of every sufferer in the & U.S.and Canada. Address, P. Enroll llayos,ll.l)., Bufialo, KY. HAMILTON LAOIES‘ COLLEGE illlll llllllis'llitl'l'llllll (ill MUSIC Will rc-opcn on Sept. 1891 'l‘lieftlst you: ()\::§JO_;;riitliiatcs. (‘ourscs in literature, mime, art. elocution, bookkcep- inc, shorthand. t) pcwriting, etc. Music pupils prepared for the Mus. Bac. degree. For terms and Free t‘utulognc address the Principal. A. BURNS, S. T., 1).. ll. l..l) V I9 l’lso's Remedy for Catarrh is the ‘ Sold by druggth or sent by mall, 50c ‘ E. Eazeltloe, Warren, Pa, {15.11. : Aid) AFFIJQ‘TED. “121K, NERV- ( l's‘. wretched mortals. should Add the HEALTH HELPER. It tells how to GET WELL. 500 a year, sample copies free. Address, Ilclllor, J. ll. Dill. MAL. Bufl‘alo. N. Y. I AND l-INDOWMEYI' Incorporated July, 1880, R. 0.. Certificates issued with coupons payable every four years, and death benefit. Without medical exam- ination. Agent: wanted in unrepresented ter- ritory. YVritc at once to head office. Stratford, Ont. (Mention this paper.) COMPOUND OXYGEN \Vill curc diseases which medicine is unable to reach. It reaches every ncrvein the human body. Itimpartsfoalltlic vital forces of the system anewandlieallliynctivit)’. gives back to nature the powerslic has lost, and strength to resist and overcome disease. Send for cir‘ cular. \V’. I’. CORNELL, 131 D‘Arcy St. lll’l’Eli ClNlllil COLLEGE. FOUNDED 1829- The 02nd >0. *on will begin in the new build- ings on ’l‘lll‘l.. )AY, SEPTEMBER lfith. Full statl'uf masters in every departmentâ€" thc Classical, the Modern or Scientific and the Commercial. Facilities for instruction in Vocal. and Instru- mental Music niid Drawing in all its branches. For prospectus, giving full information as to terms, ctc.. apply to THE PRINCIPAL. b Upper Canada College. Send at once for a FREE BOTTLE and a valuable Treatise. This remedy ls asure and radical cure and is perfectly harmless as no injurious drugs are used in E EPILEPSYORFALLINOSIOKNESS medicine to be its own recom- mendation. It costs you noth- iratcsecs ~ menace. Addreai its preparation. 1 Will warrant l: [0 cum {:1 severe cases where other remedies have failed. My reason {or sending a free bonla is : I want the H. 0. RSO'I' 31.0.. 898 West Adelalde St Toronto. Ont. MONEY! LONDON AND BAN ---------- .MQNEXJ MON EY LOAN AND AGENUY 00., LIMITED 103 Bay Street, Tore nll. Capital. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $5,000 Money to Loan on improved farms, city and town property on liberal terms of repay- ment and AT LOWEST CURRENT RATES MUNI- CIPAL DEBEN’I‘URES PURCHASED. Apply to local appraisers or to J. F. KIRK, Manager. Choice farms forsale ln Ont. & Manitoba. OHIINION I’RoVIIDI‘INT “REEVOLENT‘ ASSoClJTflDN. ‘ Dawson’s Chocolate M O '.‘I'.‘ E E R S ask for and see that you get Creams The Great Worm Remedy. Sold by all druggisfs. 25 cents a box. FINELY DEGURATED TINWARE MACDONALD MANUFAOTURING OO’Y, 231 King Street East. Toronto. J. RATTRAY8LOO AUGUST I8TH, WHOLESALE TOBAOOONISTS MONTREAL. Manufacturers of all kinds Domestic Cigars, including Celebrated Crusader and Hero Brand One trial !s a guarantee for continual me They are the century at 38951 Get a (‘onboy Top on your Buggy. They have eight patented improvements, notin any other make. MAN'S wonnnnrm. Nn'rwomr. As oil lights up the ebbing flames. as fresh fuel replaces the dead embers SUCH VIR- TUES HATH ST. LEON ‘VATER, I’OVVERFUL BEYOND COMPARI- SON, to electrify, to sup- ort. and assist that . VONDERFUL NET- WORK, the NERVES. through which alone building and repairing of the body is carried on and health and strength ’ flows. To all who drink St. Leon comes such health and pleasure as never before known. TORoNT'f). ' HEAD OFFICEâ€"101;» King St. West. BRANCH Tldy‘s Yonge St. f_hAGflCf HARVEST EXOURSIUNS ‘rom all Stations in Ontario ReturnLRates to $28.00 $35.00 Toleavc all points in the Province of Ontario on Return until Sep- tember 27, 1891 SEPTEMBER IST, “itiéllbf‘ibW Parties ticketing from other points should arran e to arrive at Toronto in time to connect with he 11 p.m. train leaving August 11th. 18th, September 13%, 1891. For full information apply to any Ticket agent of the Canadian Pacific Railway. "1 '2 THE lupncvzo STANDARD Send postal for new Circular for Season 1891. Waterous Engine Works 00., Brantford, Canada. \ . .- To Tm. EDITORâ€"Please inform your readers that I have a. the above named disease. nianently' cured. I shall be glad your readers who have consumption if Respectfully, T. A. SURELW _ CERES; positive remedy for By its tipiely use thousands of hopeless cases have been per- .to Send two bottles of my remedy FREE to any of ‘ they will send me their Post Office Address. SLOCUH. M. C. 186 \Vesl Adelaide Sh. Toronto, Ont w‘soipr W TllE THE Mostllelisatelyferlumed AND . POPLUAR SOAP OF THE AY ‘SOLD EVERfiâ€"EERE, USED BY EVERYBODY, AND MADE BY lulu nun Stir tlllll’llil’.