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A Runway Expmrcr‘s Adventures in the WHth of Omar”. Early in 1874 I was twa hundred and fifty miles north of Lake Superior in charge of fifty-three men and bwaaty dog teams, en- gaged in exploring a. path for the Canadian Pacific Railway. My line had been run to about twenty miles from its starting point when an order came that- I should survey, to their northerly sources, if possible all lakes and streams touched on the roube. As this would be a difficult task, I left' my transit-man in charge of the main trail, and went back with a small party to " bra.- verse the we.er we had pane}. I had teen working on ibis for some time when our stock of provisions ran low. \Ne were then some thirty miles north of the camp where my transit-man wonkd probably be. A Very diH'Cult, broken country lay bctween us. I held my men to work as long as I dar- ed, hoping to complete the traversa of the «team I was uutveying ; but one night, when the thermometer stood at twenty-five degrees below zero, it became clear than them was nothing for it but, to start. for the main line next morning in order to get, fond. 'il‘hie might perhaps be found at; some cache of proviswns much nearer us than my crun- sit-man’s camp,for allr‘h caches were intend- ed to be maintained about five miles apart on the main line for the use of dog-teams passing up cg dgwn. "u u . , . 1‘ u But one paper-like bit caught, and im- mediately the whole heap of birch bark was flaming, while We are all broke out into shouts of relief. Well might we, for it was not. impossible thst we should all have perished had 'we been unlucky with that match. Early next morning I oriered the men to set out for the nearest cache on the main trail. Itwas between ten and fifteen miles from where we stood. If they found pro- vision there, they were to return at once. Otherwxae they Were to push on for my trausib-man’s camp. I would wait for Lhem till the following day at noon, and if they failed to return, Would follow as best I might. . That day I was engaged in keeping up my fire and writing up my notes. Though the men had not returned at night; I felt no Inxiety. The food they had left would last three days. It was true that I had no matches, but the weather had moderated. The men-were afraid to take the respon- sibility of striking it. They insisted I should do so. A strong wind was blowing over and eddy'mg through the woods. I took the match and bent down in lee of the 811237 thrown up from the camp. That was a fnoment of inténae anxiety. If the match failed, we should have to walk all_ni_ght to k_eep ourselves from frffzipg. _ I loosened my sash and my Hudson's Bay coat for an unfrozen surface to strike on, whilst the men stood by as if waiting for an execution. When the tiny flame blazed, they thrust bits of birch bark to it so Eagerly that it was akmost pm out. I meant to strike across country next morning for my “await-man’s camp, and I did not suppose that I should be out alone and withouc fire for more than one night on the_ way. ‘ When I called “Camp” that night, the men used their snow-shoes to shove} out 1. hole over which to place our tent. “'hile some covered the remaining snow with birch bark and then with evergreen twigs for our bed, others laid in a. neck of fire wood and a. pile of birch bark with which to start the blaze. But when I ordered the lighting of the fire, we found there was but one match let: in the party ! As my men had not arrived next day at noon, lconcluded that, finding no provi- sions nearer, they had gone on to camp as agreed. M 3] pack was soon made of blanket and overcoat. I carried toma- hawk, tea-can and drinking-cup in my sash. Then with my little satchel at note- books slung over my shoulder, I started straight for the point where I expected to fiufimy party. The coarse took me to a lake of which I knew something, and I diverged a little to have the advantage of travelling on the ice down a. long bay and outlet/strewn of which I had heard from an Indian. The sun was obscured all day, and yet I was so perfectly sure I was right that. I went along the ragged coast without. once consulting my compass. About four o’clock in the afternoon I was astonished to hear the sound of a waterfall. Pushing on, I soon saw the cloud of mist. ThenI knew I was off my course. The secret was that there were two outlets, and I had mistaken the smaller for the larger, which begins five miles more to the north, and flows to the falls on a course almost at right angles to that which I had followed. Musing on my situation that night before a blazing fire that, throw its light far out among the tall bitches and spruces, I thought I heard anoise of some one coming. It could not be my men; they could not be back so soon, and they would come from the opgosite flirecfliqn. -it coukl not bar the wind; there was none now to stir the branches. Soon the sound ceased. Just as I was crediting it to my imagina- tion, I heard it nearer and almost behind me. It might be a. stray Indian, who would keep me company for the night. But why should he not, come boldly moo the firefight? And why should he move from place to place beyond ins mys ? Now I heard the sound to my left, and was peering in that direction when the ALONE IN THE WINTER W801 RV in the snow was crunched more distinctly and I saw advancing two luminous balls which seemed as large as eggn, and of prismafic colors. Just then a. log of the fire I‘cllriawn, ands fine blaze rose. There stood, but a. few yards away, {great moose ! He gazed for full five mmutes, as if spellbound by the firefight. I had no fire- arms, And would not have shot. atthe grand creature in any case. At a. sligbtmovcment of mine, he uttered something between a snort and; whistle, wheeled into the dark woods, and I Saw him no more. Some distance above the falls both streenm unite in a long, deep rapid. The island between this junction is lofty with precipitous banks. As I ought to have been on the noth side, there was nothing for me to do but to cross the river, or go back to the lake and follow the northerly outlet, or else strike out; from the lake and man}: a bee-line for camp. There the spray and wow, advancing broadly from each side during the winter, had formed an irregular ice-bridge. In the centre it. was narrowed to about six test wideâ€"simply a. mass of frozen foam and “PE”- . There was no creasing'below the falls, so far as I could see, for the banks were high and precipitous. To go back to the lake would be a. dangerous loss of time. But it; appeared not impossible to cross so narrow a. scream at the brow of the falls. I had no choice but to venture on this or retrace my steps. As either choice seemed about equally desperate, I resolved to cross at all hazards. In my loneliness the animal's compax If the frail bridge should give way, no one would know my fate unless I left some trace on the bank. For that. purpose 1 cut a large chip out of a birch, and wrote on the white wood: In adjusting mysnow~shoe strings for the rest of my journey I missed my knife, but, soon remembered the.th had pub it in my satchel after lunchlng. Turning out, the contents of the satchel I found not only the knife, but two matches. “Feb. 22, 1874. I must cross this ice bridge over then falls. If ib breaks y0u know my fate and mfiume”â€"which I up- pegded. __ . .. _ ...- . - Then all was suddenly overâ€"the‘perilous place was passed in a few secondsâ€"I was safe ! Now it seemed almost, childish to have left that message on the tree. I would have given a. good deal to be able to blot it out; but; cross again! No! Probably the panelling remixing there unread to this day. I {:5er screamed wiih joy. Now I could test instead of Damping all night around 80131? tree t_o keep myself_w».u:m. - Out) on the bridge 1 went till I reached the ndrrow place, which was about six feet across. On its edge I loosened the pack and threw it to the wider bridge beyond. Then I flung my snow-shoes and satchel across. Next. momenL I would have given the world to have them back again ! After a. frugal Gufipar 1 did test. well be- fore a, great fire of branches that I wrested from dead and living trees. To keep the fire smoldering till morning I hacked down a. birch with my tomahawk, cut it; into three long lengths'md “ niggered” these each into two by burning them on the coals. Thfn I pub them all on the[firc aqdjuy down. The roar of cl): water just below me scar- ed me,and the eight of the chasm below the falls made me giddy. I felt my feet: crush- ing the foamy mass; but, I dared not spring on the frail structure. My only hope wa'a in going gently.e.nd submitting it; to no such aback 3.: I should ‘give in by a. jump; On awaking I found thrkee inches of new snow on my blankets. But last night's embers still amuldered, and I soon blew them to a. blaze. Again I breakfasted alone, and resumed my lonely way over fallen timber, hills and rocks. But now the die was cast. I must go on or soon freeze. It Was impossible for me to travel Without snow-shoes. “’ith a pole to steady me I advanced, with my heart in my mouth, to the narrow space of frozen foam. Itieemed honeycombed, but, hard. Abouc eleven o’clock that; morning I cam to what looked like a. river aboutfiiay yard wide. When I had nearly crossed in the ice became “glare.” The water apparently had rise'n hem over the first ice formetl‘ harl then run along the bank till it swapt; away the now, had then been re-covered with ice, and had finally receded, leaving a shell of ice. Here and there a snag pro- bruded. I did not think from appearances that there was deep water under the shell and near it», but, as I advanced I kept pokmg cautlously with my pole. When I was not more than five yards from shore my right, snow-shoe broke bodily through as if agreat bubble or mere scale of ice had been just there. I had time to throw my weight on the other foot, but there I was stuck. My right snow-shoe had turned. and was held under the ice. I tried every conceivable plan for extracting it, and all in vain. I dare Hot try to kick my foot loose irom the snow-shoe, for if I lost it in the current I could not travel further. I dared not lean back to loosen the strings, and so haul up the shoe, for thus I might lose my bal- ance on the left foot and plump dowu through the hole. 1 was wholly mistaken, too, as wthe depth of the river: by my polg the water yam neurly seven feet deep ‘. wit’s endehen a way out of my peril suggested itself. There was a small sung near, but it was just beyond my reach. I could catch my bnmahawk’s head on the mag, but not firmly, and I dared not, pull with so slight ahold for fear of losing it and falling: - If the ice under my left fooc should way 1 was done for. I dared not. Mr \eet it should break down. back ward. ,h th‘ wheeled into the dark In no more. I felt the loss of even It; occured to me that I might; chop any the ice around the snag, and then pull it, near encngh to dutch. In this I succeeded after many minutes’ labor. Now I could pull myself free, but dared not try lest; I should lose my snow-shoe. The hold I had enables! me, however, to At; last,when I had almost given up hope, a. lucky tum brought. the shoe up ngewxse, and I carefully made my way ashore over the mast treacherous of ice. My right leg was wet nemly to the knee. but the weather was not, now very cold. I made a. fire with my last. match,warmed my- self we“, and resumed my jnurney. Three honrs of precious daylight had been lost, butI managed to reach the mam dog-trail about, sundown. . The hald I had enabled me, -howevcr, move my right foot, which I did in eve conceivable wayjor peghaps tep minuf‘aes. There I might have spent the moderate night, even without, a fire, but my pluck was reinforced. and I resolved ta try for camp that night. There was a. good trail and a clear moon. The line might have gone ahead about. seven miles afber I left it, I supposed. But it seemed I had been on it; for twenty miles when the trail led me on and off a. long. narrow lake. I was so tired that I felt that. I could golittle further when I hap- pened to see some patches in the mow. Snooping I found them tn he bits of rabbits’ fur, and I knew some Indian Wigwam was prgbably near. Soon i came across new snow-shoe tracks diverging from the trail. These I followed about fifty yards and found the wigwmn banked up to the middle with snow and cedar bark. A friendly column of smoke rose up from the pointed roof into the dear moonlit air, and there I resolved to stay for the night. I eubergd, with the everlasting "boshoo" as my aalutation, and as the Indian eti quspte demands, s»hool§ hands all. around There were mwo big Indians making snow- shoes at one side, and two aquaws with an old one and two papooaes at the other. A brighs fire blazed on the “cabooue,” with some flab stones around it on which pieces 9f rabbibs’ flesh and beaver tail were roast,- mg. After the first; salute no one took the siightest notice of me. The men went, on with their work, and the three aqua ws look- ed vacantly into the fire. I put. 06‘ my pack and satchel, and sat for a while in solemn silence. I excfiaed myself on acme plea. or other, and ate instead the remainder of my cheese with some biscuit. and tea, dividing the remaining biscuit between the two papooses. Then I took out two whole plugs of tobacco, handed one to each of the men, and gave my whole remaining stock of sugar and tea to one of the aquaws, whom Isupposed to be the “mistress of the house. ’5 This called out all round 5 series of “mequitches"â€"â€"thanks. Again there was long silence, after which the Squaw to whom I had presented the groceries rose silently, and put, some water into a tin can with some tea. from one of the litale bags I had given her. Then another long silence. When the water boiled, she handed me the can of tea and my lxtzle sugar bag, which, after sweetening my tea, I returned to her wit/h the usual “m¢quit.ch.” She then pointed to the rough on the hot stnnes, and muttered, “Buckate”â€"â€"â€"You are hungry. I certainly was, but that mess was too much for me,a.lthough I appreCiated her hospitality. Evldcnces at an Ancient Race as in Form er I’osnessors. Mr. Rider Haggard is likely to be vin- dicate’l by the conquest of Mutabeleland and the consequeuh development, of the gold fields of that, region and Mashonaland, undisturbed by Lobengula’s raiders. \Vben Mr. Haggard published “King Solomon’s Mines” 3. great many readers thuughb than he had liberally oval-drawn his imagination for his account of the stately ruins and abandoned gold workings where the action of the romance passed. Now that Mash~ oualand is being developed, it, is found that not, only are the ruins there, but. the gold. The gold reels extend fur up into Matahele- ' land, and along their extent. are evidences that in iar-ofl' times they were Worked by ‘8. civilized, powerful rnce,who built, temples and fortressesquite beyond the constructive capacity that any negrold people has yet. manifested. Paper can be male out of almost any- thing that can be pounded to pulp. Over fifty kind! of bark are employed, while 01d sacking or bagging makes a. good article. Paperis made our, of banana. skins. from been stalks, pea, vines, coconut fiber,clovet and timothy hay, strawflresh water Weeds, sea. weeds, and more than 100 different kinds of grass. Paper has been made from hair fur and 'wool, lrom nsbesLos, which furnishes an article indestructable by fire; from hop plants, from husk: of any and every kind of grain. Leaves make a good strong paper, while the husks and stems of Indian corn have also been flied and al- most every kind of moss Can be made into paper. There are patents for m-tking paper from sawdust and sli'wiugs, from thistles and thistladown, from tobacco stalks and tanbark. It, is said Lllat there are over 2,000 patents in Wis county covering the manufacture of paper. No matter What the substance, the process is substantially the same. The material is 'ground to a. pulp, then spread thinly over a frame and allowed to dry, the subsequent treatment, depending on the kind of [Hoar to be made. At, Zimbawbefiu Mashonsland. the state ‘ Iy front oft; fortress temple rears itself from ‘ the jungle. The structure was evidentlyl constructed by trained engineers, who Worked on a plan preserving mathematical unity throughout. Near by are the gold mines, and explorers have found some 0 the ingot moulds used by those Who toiled there thousands of years ago. As the hawk, the symbol of the goddess Hathor, who presided over mines, is found in the ruins in Mashonaland as well as in the Egyptian quarries, the theory 0! the subiqusriaxxs is the.» there was an Amb-Semiticruce once in control of what is now the latest addltlvfl to England’s possessions in Africa. This race. they‘hold, may have been subjects of the Queen of Sheba. Whoever they were, they were evidently powerful and highly civilized, and held their ground by their military strength as well as by their in. genuity. pure butter has b diggers in Ireland. Paper can be “a e on! or Anything. vein of mineral wak M lSHOVAl..lND. ralwax which resembles been discovered by peat The most diflficnlt thing to do is to pro- vide proper quarters for the laying hen in the winter time, although some have an idea. that, this is a. simple matter. But the fact is, if the hens are given comfortable quarters in the cold season they willlay almost, as many eggs as in the summer, and so very few do this thab it is trite to re- mark that there in a. failing somewhere. Given the same food and proper protect-ion in the winter, there is no reason why the egg production should not be as great. The trouble is now that so much of the food digested is required to make animal beat to resist, the cold that there is little left. for egg making. Some poulbry misers attempt to make up for this by giving the hen: more good food, but; this does not alone reach the trouble. The winter quarters must be attended to. Now the hem must be made comfortable twentv hours in each dgy, and quarter}; um will be comfortable for the Plymouth Rocks may be very uncomfortable for the smaller and less heavily festhered Leghorns. The two Cannot be placed in the some poultry house in the winter and both be expected to do the best in egg producing. As a rule, ho yever, the climate of the 1 average poultry house is not warm enough lor either breed. We need a. complete re- adjustment of matters,snd the construction of such sanitary houses that the pouldry will ban made entirely comfortable. It would be well even if we could supply artificial heal and good ventilation in the roof. Then the hoot could be regulated to suit the de- mands of the ppultry. But As this seems to be nearly out of the question it is well to consider the best methods that we can now adopt. The floors and sides of the building must be perfectly tight so that no air can circulate through them. Even the trap door through which the birds enter should close so tightly that no draft can come through. If window: are supplied they should be double ones, and all of the Wall should belined with tarâ€" red paper and double wooden sidinga. The house should not he a. high one, only as high as a man’s head, for if the house is high there will be cold layer of bottom air ‘that will chill the birds. Most of the ‘ roosting places should be placed high, for they are always warm compared with the lower ones. They are free from dampness also. Very little ventilation is needed over night in such a place. The ventilation should be placed as high as possible above the roof, and it is better to have , a wooden chimney running up several feet, as this will beless liable to cause cold winds. ‘ The ventilator should be so arranged that it can be tightly shut or opened so as to give plenty of air“ On very cold nights it should be opened only a very little so that the foul air can escape, and on comparatively mild nights it should be opened wider. Early in the morning the house should be thrown all open and thoroughly sired, and just before the birds go to roost at night a good lot of fresh air should be allowed to circulate through the place. The heavy feathered breeds of fowl can stand more ventilation and cold than the other breeds, but a. pool- try house properly constructed will do for either. It can be regulated to suit any birds, for all ventilators and entrances are under _ the control of the owner. Farmers who butcher their own hogs in the {311,511 know the o!d way of butchering 13 ‘very inconvenient and tiresome. The following illustrated arrangmenb makes the labor comparative easy. The top piece is 15);?) inches, and 12 ft. long. The morbises for B B to tic in, are made 5 inches from he ends of piecg, and are 9; inch deep,2§ inches wide at bottom,by 111‘- inches at. \0p,l.hu5 only one bolt is needed to hold them together at. top. The upright pieces 13 B are 2x‘} and l 7 it. long ; crosspiece, lkx2§ and at: one end this should be bolted on upright pieces,down low enough so than the bench will set over it. Theleveristiéxll an ample, and shaved down to 1%“ end. Staples made of 516 inch rod iron, and long enough to clinch. Clevis where chainis fastened mmyleuf g inch iron. Fig.1 is iron,6x2x§ bent, as shown fcr gam- brel stick to rest on,while lifting hog to Fig. 4,which is made large enough to slip back and fox-oh easily on upper piece. Rods 25 inch, bent to hold gumbrel stick, Fig. 2 is 3x13 inches long,ou which lever rests while lifting to Fig.4. Fig. 3,â€"k inch iron on which lever rests in scalding. BeuchJQxH‘; inches, 20 inches high, 8 imlong. Birrel to set in the ground i its length. In far too many potato crops the propor- tion of marketable tubers are very small. This may result from such a. drought as widely prevailed last summer, but qulte of« ten rt is caused by putting too much seed in the hill. Planting whole potatoes of some varieties will surely bring a. crop near. 1y all too small to be marketable. There are other kinds which have fewer eyes, and if a. whole potato be planted not more than mo or three eyes “all grow. the others having their substance taken from them to make larger growth of those that tool: the lead. Cutting the potato in two pieces or even three and then putting two pieces In even three and then punting two [Sieces m the hill is another canes of small potatoes. If the grOWer is exinirely sure he has a strong eye with a piece of potato attached it win make a. vigorous start, and in most cases produce more marketable potatoes cases produce more mar than will a larger amount mostly to those of the throat times. The first dam is due cold and damp, or to contmgi is the result; of bad feeding a The most. prevalent of the fi eases is one known as croup similar to the human diphc than excaedmgly contagious. Too Many Small Potatoes Gozd Winter Leger:- THE FARM. Butcherng Out Diseases of Fowl:- The morbises 5 inches from he ch deep,2§ inches ‘9 at» \op,t.hus only them together at. B B are 236} and '29; and at: one end Ibapp a thick adherent muons or cheesy .1 near in the throat or mouth, stop "g _the breathing and making the swallowing difficult. The head swells and of course the birds stop eating, The remedy for this disease is to Wash the mouth clean with warm vinegar and drop a pinch of powder- ed chlorate of potash in the throat. The food should be soft, and a little in po-sul- phile of soda. should be dissolvejin the drinking water. Excessive warmth in not desirable for fowls in the winter, only such as will keep atemperature ah night of not less than 50 degrees, Another frequent, disease is that of the live: by which the nerves of the lower limbs are so affected that the birds cannot walk. This disease resembles that of pigs by which the hind legs become useless. and are dragged about as the animal m0ves. Overloading is the eommon cause of this disorder, and the remedy is to snap the cause, giving no food for (am: or three days, but only waer, and then beginning with small feeds, grad- ually increased. Maple trees should be tapped with a small anger or hit tofit the metal spouts now used. The barbarous and injurious use at the axe to cut. a gash in the trees is to be wholly condemned, as is also the use of the old-fashioned sap troughs, hewed out of small pine logs. The present mecbod is to use the tapping bib, and the metal spouts on which is a hook to hang a tin pail, rounded hollow to fit. the tree on the back. and covered to keep out trash and dirt. The finest quality of sugar or syrup may then be made by using one of the evapor- ators instead of the old-fashioned iron kettle. The sand that settles at; the bottom of the syrup is the mineral part of the sap, which, if the sap had become wood, would be the ashes of the wood. It is mostly lime, potash, and silica, the ash oi the maple having 60 per cent. of lime, 5 per cent, of silica, and 12 per cent. of potash in it, and as the wood is made up of the solid part of the sap. it, is, of course, of the name ,composmon. And thus the residue of the sap boiling must be the same As the ash of l the Wood. To have good corned beef in the summer it is necessary to use some precautions. The following method 15 used by the best pack- ers. The meat is first steeped for two or three days in a. weal; brine to remove all the blood and liquid serum. The barrel is then well soaked with boiling hot water two or three times, the meat is packed in the bar- rel, and is covered with brine made in this way : For each 100 lbs. of meat take les. of Salt, 2 lbs. of sugar, '2 ounces of saltpetre and six gallons of clean rain water. Boil the water and dissolve these in it, let the brine cool and skim it, and then bring it to a. boil again, then skim it once more, and pour it on the meat. To keep the meat in the sum- mer the brine must be drawn off and boiled and strained and skimmed, and while boil- ing hot turned on to the meat. It is this heat of the brine that kills the germs that would otherwise cause the meat to spoil. again in “xrvuw Vuuv. u...- -. UV.-. ima: that is fed up to a. goofi {all standafiTd is the most, profitable. The profit; in an animal fed for market does not always lie in its heavy weight, but rather in what. it has cost to secure that weight. Other things being equal, the an: Unless you feed so Well that your stock makes a constant gain, you are losing youl. feed at least and probably anmebhing more. Keep your eye open all the time to note any possible loss of appetite, as that; will quick- ly he followed by a. loss of flesh. Uniformity of feeding is required in order to keep the cows up to a uniform production Every time that they fall back a little, it wm require twice the ordinary feeding and care to bring chem back to the' former standard. Keep them trom shrinking by the closest possible attention to their every need. In is a bad habit; to get to thinking that you can buy this product. or that, which you need for use in your own family, 8.8 cheaply as you can grow it. Produce every‘ nhiug possibre than is needed for home use, and so save the middle-man’s profit on both that which you would have to sell and that which you would have to buy. For if you do buy, you must grow same other thing with which so pay the bill, and someone be- side yourself makes the profit, on bath transactions. The growing of early lambs is a. nice busi- ness when one is properly fitted up for it. Isrequiras good,wa.ru. housing and a knowl- edge of some of the finer phases of feeding. The tWo items to aim at are, earliwss and good Weight, giving a. variety of food and taking care non Lo undo your Work by over- feedmg. As soon as the lambs are in mar- kemble condition, rush them off without: further delay,as a. few days will often make such a. change in the price as to reduce the profit, to a. loss. Ii you can raise one or two good colts each season, you may add materially to the profits of the shock department, of your farm. But it. will hardly pay to do in un‘ less you have some good mares to start with. Poor mares bring poor colts, and these are not. in any great demand. Be sure that the mares you breed are 301131 in body and limb, nf a. kind disposition, yeb spirit- ed and plucky. Then if you have used a good stallion you will be very apt to secure a cola Lhab can be readily nmrketed as 3 price than will warrant, all the care thaty 011 can bestow. Heâ€"“ They say bh star takes 250 years b She~“ on, m that Miria,” said Mr. Bxllus, looki‘ the bill that had just. been brou it, does seem to me than $3.75 : ion wash in one momh is put: Mule too thick.” Tapping- Maple Trees- me the w Tao Remote to Ufiend Good Corned Beef- Practical Point Rather Overdomg: It in 11‘ rp a. pinch of pmvder-v [in tha throat. The and a. little h po-sul- I be dissolve; in the xceasive warmth is ).t the light from that o reach the earbh.” ewe, I guess there is offended at its wink- loes‘ ters- put i a face :9 these at