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(x , pure water is one of the. essentials of 115:. on. and a thriving condition in farm stock. Often a. pump, wind-mill, or the nverflow from springs or running streams One Water Trough for Several Fields. av FIG. 1. wwzmyn mouuu FOR FOUR FIELDS. can be utilized and the accumulation stored or so distributed that stocks from four fields may drink the water from the same trough. This will prove a great, saving in the construction and maintenance of severfil u-vubtll -..... u... r. the construction and maintgnance of severai troughs, and as stock from one field can be wateredjust as readily as those maturing in four, the advantage is quite apparent. The manner of arranging the fences for 9. sixteen- foot trough is shown in fig. Lengmved from u sketch by L. D. Snook. If thought best one or two slats may extend across the trough where the fences cross it as the three points. In Fig. ‘2 is shown the plan of utilizing a. caldron kettle for the same purpose. If these are used only during summer, they will be found very durable and will last many generarlo \S. If ice isallowed to form in the kestle, here Is danger of breaking it. If possible. drill a hole in the bottom for rapid cleaning, leav- ing this open when not in use. If a. large. circular cover is adjusted, but, little rain will enter if exposed during the winter sea- [0!]. Both of these are equally available for use under barn basements Where sttck is usually Wintered in several flocks, in fan the same trough is available for both locali‘ ties as it. is readily placed in position. This will be found more practical]: than wacer- ing stock from a pail, as many farmers have done for years. As no the mannerpf getting the water into the trough, many plans are feasible, adopting the one considered the m< upractical with fine lmmedimesurround- mgs. Whether a large or small amount of mi‘k or butter is sold from the farm in a. year, one is seldom satisfied with the price that is paid for it. The limit usually runs from ten to twentyfive cents apound, while the creameriea are getting from twenty-two to forty cents for the same article, only better made and furnished in large lots of a uni- form quality. Here is a heavy loss to the farm. While it is true that good tools alone will not make fine butter or rich milk, yet they are indiSpensable to encourage the average maker to produce a. better article. Tools are so cheap, too, that there ought to be a. higher standard in the dairy output of the farm. tioioughly soaked with old butter grease that it is impossible to make a. fine article with them. The instant cream of tresh butter comes in contact with them, they take all the life and fine flavor out oi the fresh article. For instance, a. piece of board, asis often seen, that has been used in the dairy for irany seasons to cover the pans of milk, will deaden the cream as fast as it rises on the surface of the milk, so that good butter cannot be made from it. An old chum that smells strong from age will rob the butter of half its value. Milk ‘ as it comes from the cow is rich in high flavors, but of an ex“ c'ing perishable nature. To hold those flivors, every h as with which it comes in contact must be as ‘ cool and clean and fresh as possible up to the time the bargain is struck with the merchant. The first necessity is that the stables are clean, with no smell of rotting manure about them. Then use nicely scoured tin buckets to milk in. Hurry the milk out of the stable, or away from the cows, and set it immediately for steaming in cans or pins that are perfectly clean, and covered not with wood, but with sheetv of secured tin. The can that holds the cream must besca'Col in hot water every time it is (rallied, so that no particle of the old hutch can get into the new. N: churn should he used more than two seasons unless made of metal, or kept immaculately clean. In this respect the churn is the most dangerous of all the dairy utensils, and must be aired as much as possible up to the point of cracking it with too much drying out. Let the sun shine into it often. While no one should ever put the 111‘ hands to butlerV it must be manipu- lat 41. To do this, the best implements are two flat p (1 lies, made of hard wood. The table on which the butter is worked is easily kept clean, and should also be made of hard wood. But the point of fatal error with many farmers’ wives is that they will not pack and market the butter in the best shape to get good prices for it. The trouble usually comes from making the butter at odd times. and having no regular time, for taking it to town, instead of first determining on what days of the month shipments can be made, and then regulate everything to that end. Butter should always be delivered within two weeks of the time the 'milk came from the cow; oftener if possible. Cream can be held from four to six days, depending on how cold it is kept and how sweet it Wes when taken from the milk. Never let it .get too old, or all your hopes for good quality and high price will be crushed. In the 65% pléce. old dairy implements that have bzen used for years, esyecially if phey hurt-.2 any ‘wood a'boub them, become so Thé farm output. of bu‘ter will ha. large enough to warrant using the o butter tubs, and that is not. the bes to sell farm butter. By all means into one pound or two pound cakr p 1:58 ridges across the t: p af each n How to Make Gilt-Edged Butten PK AQRIEULTURAL addie me n CALDRON \VATERXNG TR‘ across the up qf each pm; WI" Now for a. b L of enterpris the paraffin paper to wrap cl 1, and b wilh the prints in. or use cheesecloth. Do not use old cloths, even though thoroughly clean. \Vhat you buy for this purpoae win not. cost a. quarter of a cent to the pound of butter, while it Will add several cemam the market value of each pound. A little neat- ness in this regM‘d sharpens the appetite of the buyer. More people speak the English language than any other by 35,000,000. \Valsingham, Eng, claims to be the healthiest place in the world. China has an academy of manners that. preacribes etiquette for the whole empire. Christopher Grove, 3 93-year-old resident of Bethany, Ind., is cutting a. new set. of teeth. "Horses are so plentiful in Chili and Buenos Ayres that it. is not, uncommon for beggars to_ ride, Eacofi of steei is worth more than its weight in gold When made into hair springs for watches. There is talk of running trolley observa- tion cars across Niagara Falls, suspended fifty‘ feet above the water. ‘.. ‘ An alloy that, adheres so firmly to glass that it. may be used to solder pieces to- geLher is made by a French chemist. The flute took its name from the fluta, an eel caught in Italian waters which has seven spots like finger l oles on its Sides. The Japanese method of lacquering is said to be at least 2,000 years old. Pieces made ten centuries ago are still exhibiced. The Roman father had unlimited power over his children, and could put them in chains, sell them into slavery or kill them at will. 6f {he twenty-six barons who signed tht Magnn. Charm three wrote their names am twenty-three made their marks. The Mohawk Indians will not. allow s< much as a blade of grass to grow upon tht graves of their companions. An alloy that, adheres so firmly to giant that it. may be used to solder pieces to The ticket telegraph is being introduced into many big apartment and flat houses in London by the owners for the benefit of the tenants. The eight flowers most prizei by. the Japanese ure the morning glory, apncot. cherry, wismria, peony, iris, lotus and chrvsanthemum. A horsa 36 years of age, able fondness for whiskey, Reading, Pa. The animal f a pint, of liquor in n. pail of It is said of the fur seal of Alaska that there is no known animal on land or wate- Which can take higher physicaJ rank or which exhibits a higher order of insfinct. A horse 36 years of age, with a. remark- able fondness for whiskey, diej recently at Reading, Pa. The animal frequently drank a pint of liquor in n. pail of water. Considerable excitement has arisen over the report that a life of Christ has been found in Thibet in the anasery of Hemis. The story of its discovery is sufficiently circumstantial to suggest a. serious attempt to obtain possession of the manuscript for the British Museum. out success One of the must curious occupations in the world is pursued in London. A Woman will, for half a crown a pair, take new shoes and wear them long enough to take off the tight stiffness that, new shoes are apt, to have. At a smoking contest in Berlin, :1. short time ago, Herr Kuozf, by smoking conbinur ously for two hours ten cigars, his neares: competitor getting away with but seven and a half, was declared the Winner. Miss Kate. Hlfliard. in a paper read to LheNew York Theosophists, speaking of hypnotism, says that no one while under its influence has ever been induced to sur- render a. vital secret. Manv experiments have been tried with this intent, but with- PROGRESS OF STEAM NAVIGATION. Miller on Dalswinton Loch. H02. The Charlotte Dundas, by Sym- ington, on Foth uud Clyde Canal. lEl‘Z‘. The Comet, of Henry Bell,launcl1ed withsteam up.and made first trip from Port- Glasgow to Helensburgli. Built by John Wood, Port-Glasgow; 42 ft. by 11 in; 5 ft. Gin. depth. Engined by John Rollerlson, Glasgow ; 3 H. P. condensing ; cylimler,11 I in dia.; 16 in. stroke. Boiler made by David I Napier. ism. The Elizabeihfifilons;51fc.by 121 9 {' i lTSS. First steamboat experimenls byi f0. ; depth , 5 in; 10 H. P. The Ulyrle, 6 29:35:26 in. by H its, (leggh! 7&1“. ;‘ ill-Ll"; The Giasgow H. P. puze. 1838. The days, entirely 1314 . Tue 1ndustry,69 tons;68 ft. by 17 in; Jepzb, S 11;. Also the Trusty, Princess Ch, Lotte, Brince of Orange, Margery ard Argy1e. 1815. Other six built. 1816. The Cnmet appeared in the river Thames from Glasgow. 1819. The Ssflannah crossed Atlantic in 3‘2 days (18 days under steam). 1825. The Enterprise steamed from Eng land to India, and earned the £10,000 1858. The Great Etstern of 18,900 tons; 679% it. by 82 fr.; 7,660 H.P.-, when areduc- $3011 in size took place, but an increase in horse power and speed. 1881. C ty of Rome, 8,090 tons ; 545 ft. bv 5‘2 ft. : H,890H.P. and cantinued creasing in siz ins. cyclone Quite a 1803. Campania, 12,95) tons ; it. ; 30,000 H. P. ; speed, ‘2! mmodation, 1,400 passengers. The comparisan between the .d Campania is mass iustrucciv knots 1889. City of Nev )fb. by 63 ft. ; 18, FACTS IN FEW WORDS. And did the West impress ‘2" they asked. r: Carried me by storm," an Th U) The Sims, Cork ta New York, 18 ely swam. e Brimunia, 1,15-L tons ; speed, 115 passengers; ‘20? ft. by 34 . 2'24; in: 740 H.P. 71mins ; Ofi‘ His Feet steamers now sprang up, :"m' mamy yvars, ever in- n] epzed, and cuimluawâ€" storm who, rose thx vYork, 10,500 tons 500 HP. ,SI5) tons ; (320 ft. by speed, ‘2! kn )Ls ; ac- 33mm; 51%. by 1?. P. The Clyde, 69 pth, 7fifb.; l4 H.P. 7‘2 ft. by 15fu.;16 ouf lei tanuia 810D 16 jlere is Fort Chime, the moat northerly of the Hudson Bay Company’s forts, and [ here it had been understood the expedition 'was to winter. But famine had visited Ungswa. prior to the party‘s arrival, and it. was necessary to move further on.- They had ample verification of the report that reached Quehec some time ago to the effect that numbers of the Indiana thereebouts had lately died of starvation. Mr. Low - writes that between ‘700 and 300 died FOR \VANT OF FOOD [during the winter of 1892-93, and the re- mainder were in such a state of abject poverty that he feared to trust the provis- ions of his party in that part of the coun- try, and so shipped them by the Hudson Bay Company‘s steamer to Hamilton Inlet. The chief cause of the shortage of provis. ions at Ungave was an unpecedented absence of reindeer during the autumn of l 18923. Usually they cross the Koksoak River during October in droves of several thousands, and the Indians and Hudson Bay Company’s officials at Fort Chimo kill them by the hundred and freeze their flesh l {or winter use. Three men :11 canoes with ) axes have killed 300 of the animals in one afternoon. Mr. Mackenzie, formerly chief officer at Ungava, went out with rifle and fifty cart;- ridges one day and came back with forty- two deer. The Eskimsz seen by Mr. Low at Ungava are a. much larger and liner race of men than those of the easterly coast, of Labrador. But, like the Indians of these parts, scarcely any of them are Christian- ized, and all are exceedingly superstitious, They have great faith in conjurers, or medicine men, who succeed most wonder. fully in imposing upon the credulity of their dupes. These Indians never bury their dead, but expose their bodies upon some hillockl and sometimes build over them a small mound of stones. They de- posit, the rifle and canoe of the deceased person near his body, to be in readiness for his use in the happy hunting grounds to i which heliss gone. In case of a. bad season, i and a consequent shortage of game in his 'new abode, they occasionally leave him a. supply of provisions. They form their Opinion as to whether or not the diceased person requires them when they find wheth- er they have been removed. \ . LABRADOR AT LAST TRAVERSED FROM SOUTH TO NORTH. SlH‘t‘t‘I-m or the ('anadian Exncdllion Head- ed by A. I‘ lawâ€"The Interior of [he Penna-"Ila Well WondmL-A N mel- Mr. Low reports that, these ciosely resemble the rocks along the east coast; of Hudson Bay, and he beiieves mat: they cover a great cm of country about and to the west- waid of Ungavm Biy. i The expedition also found evidence that ‘Uic continental ice cap took its rise in the interior of Labrador and flowed outward from a. gathering ground in the neighbor~ hood of the headwaters of the East Main River: and, most impor‘mnt of all, it was Apajrb from the knowledge acquired of these northern people, Mr. Low made some important. discoveries in his trip across La- brador. including the immense outcrops of the rocks of the Cambrian epoch of the lower Silurian age along the Koksonk River, which are essentially an irqnâ€"bearing series. AfiRDSS THE UNKNUWN. Almost, every bed of them holds this metal, and some of them are PURE IIERMATIC ORE. Though many of the laws which have been placed upon the statute books of New Zealand during the last few years hme been characterized, as "Socialistic" and “Revolutionary” they are all working atlâ€" mirably, giving the utmost general satisfac- tion. The tendency of the legislation has been to reach the landless class, and to teach them their rights and how to obtain them. There has been no attempt to tear down established interests. but at the same time no effort has been spared to elevate the condition of the masses by placing within their reach all that rightfully belongs to them or that would tend to their elevation and material prosperity. In the short space of three or four years the country has made wonderful progress. Among the Acts which have been passed to bring this about IS the Employers’ Liability Act affording com- plete protection to labor, both as to wages and responsibility in casefofinjury. A much needed and beneficial Act was the Factories Act of 1891. Government inspectors see that the factories are clean and healthy and well lighted. No person under eighteen years of age and no woman is allowed to be employed for more than four and one- half hours without an interval of half an hour for a meal. No boy under sixteen years is permitted to work more than forty-eight hours in any week in a factory and childlaborisprohibited entirely. When a. railway or highway is to be constructed, the Government engineers make the survey and estimate. On the basis of this estimate of cost the work is given in small sections to gangs of men, who each receive an equal proportion of the money earned. The contractor is dis- pensed with, and the profits are divided among the men. The Government supply the necessary tools and material at first coat The men work very hard and earn good wages. They pocket the contractors' profit and the Government is at no greater cost. One particular feature of this system is that the young, robust, and middle-aged men Work together, while the weaker and less vigorous are formed into classes by themselves. The younger and stronger men object to their older and neces- sarily weaker brothers, because they are no longer able to perform their full share of the work. The old men are, however, perfectly content to have the opportunity to earn a livelihood in this way lzy themselvew, and they do so very comfortably. The co-operative system has given great satisfaction, and has to a large extent solved the problem of the un- employed in this colony. Another excellent system is the Government Labor Bureau. If a man is out of employment, he makes application to the agent in charge of his district labor bureau, who sends him to some suitable occupation, paying for his transportation, if necessary, and having it refunded from the first money the man ob- tains. Employers of labor can send orders for men, and in this way the labor market Make few promises. Always speak the truth. Neverspeak evil of any one. Keep good company or none. Live up to your engagements. Be just before you are gen- erous. Never play at any game of chance Drink no kind of intoxicating liquors. Good character is above all things else. Keep your own secrete if you have any. Never borrow if you possibly can help it. Keep yourselfinnocent if youwould be hap- py. Make no haste to be rich if you would prosper. When you speak to a person look him in the face. Do not marry until you are ab‘e to support a wife. Ever live (mis- fortune excepted) within your income. Save when you are young, to spend when you are old. Avoid teinptation,through fear you may not withstand it. Never run into debt unless you see a. way out again. Small and steady gains bring competency with a, tranquil mind. Good company and good conversation are the sinews of virtue. Your character cannot be essentially injured ex- cept by your own acts. If any one speaks evil of you, let your life. be so that none will believe him. When you retire to bed, think over what you have been doing during the day. Never be idle; if your hands can’t be employed usefully. attend to the cultiv- ation of your mind. some of the Paternal )leusnrcs famed by the New Zeahmd Legislature. If he fails in his endeivnr to cross Labrador he will press south from the head of Hamil- ton lnlet until he crosses the height ol‘land north of the province of Quebec, and so descends to the Gulf of St. Lawrence by one of the large rivers flowing into it. In his ascent; of the Grand River Mr. Low will undoubtedly reach the Grand Falls of that; river, which have been visited and described quite recently by Mr. Bryant of Philadelphia and also by a part of do Bowdoin College expedition. is always open. Among the vast majority of the public there are no complaints, gener- ally speaking;V and no fault finding. All seem to appreciate what is being done for them, each working with a cheerlul will to make all those new undertakings and innovations a success. The Archdeacon of Victoria, in Mashona- land, a country 0t South Africa. of which we are beginning to hear a great deal, was preaching one Sunday, when a. bnboon ap- peared at; one of the windows and made faces at the clergyman. No notice what- ever being taken of him, hejumped into the church, climbed the pulpic, and perched himself upon the Archdeacon’s shoulders, which he affectionately embraced. Releas- ing himself of his burden as best. he could, the minister went on with his sermon, but the monkey, ascended to the rafters, also commenced a. diséourse to the people. which ceased oniy with his capture. This impu- denc prankâ€" so monkeylike, wizhalâ€"issnid to have shocked hhe Archdeacon and scan- dalized the congregation, from which one might infer that some wicked person had put the baboon up to it. The coldest place in the World is the re- giog ghopt‘ghe plouth 9f the Mckenzie river in British North America. The nhemometer there has lean known to sink to 70 degrees below zero. Preaching Under Diflic ulties. IN NEW ZEALAND. The Coldest Spot. Rules for Life BURML BIT Only the Finest (‘ofl‘in \VHI do. and The Can-many ls Elaborate and Prescribed by a “'rlllen (‘odmâ€"A Dinner ol'ChlIL em- Aflluence. Funerals in China are very eiaborste, and whenever possible most magnificent. “Hairs, and they are all conducted accord- ing to a ceremonial as arbitrary in its de- tails AS the Episcopal marriage servit'e. These details are prescribed by the “ Leke" or Book of Rites, which every good China- man knows by heart, and to disobay its least rule is a. crime severely punished. AQU A splendid coffin for the dead is the first requirement, and the poor Chinaman will deny himself, sometimes half starve him. self, and his family, in order that his daily hoard may become sufficient to buy a casket fine enough for so important a ceremony. The cofiin occupies the place of honor in the house. Death by no means implies immediate burial. According to the Pa.“ Ma“ Budget, when a. Chinaman dies his neighbors come in and make the shroud. The body is put in its coffin. Then the funeral ceremonies begin, if there us money enough. If not, the coffin is put back in Its place of honor until the famfly finances look up. The day of she death, or the Aday there- after, the relazives not, living in the house, and thefriendsmome to pay the last, duties of respect to the deceased. When the visitors arrive they are shown into a room in which are all the women and children of the estab- lishment. These latter set up a, dismal howl, in which the visitors join, or to which they listen sympathetically. When the tympanum of even a. Chinese ear begins to ache the guests are ushered into another apartment, where the men of the house gi\ e them tea and refreshment. The refreshment varies according to the means of the family; in the house of the rich It is a. dinner. After the visitors have drunk and eaten they are bowed out by one of the kinsmen of the deed. The dinner of Chinese affluence, wherever served, consiscs of five courses ; I. A very rich, thick soup. 2. Salad 5nd meat. 3. Birds’ nests. sharka‘ fins and other very nourishiugdishes. 4. News. 5. Fruits and sweetmeats. A well-conducted Chinese funeral is the most gorgeous sight in Asia. At the front of the funeral procession waik the noisy musicless musicians. Then come men (they may be friends, they may be Coolies) hear- ing the insignia. of the dignity of the dead, if he had any. Next, walk more men, carrying figures of animals,idols,umbrellas, and blue and white streamers. After them cor_ne men carrying pans of perfume. Just, before the coffin walk bonzes, Chin- ese priests. Over the coffin a. canopy il usually ended. The casket is borne by about-a score of men. Immediately behind the coffin walk the children of the deceased. The eldest son comes first. ~ He is dressed in canvas. and leans heavily upon a stout stick. He is supposed to be too exhausted by grief and fasting to walk without the aid of this staff. The other children and relatives follow this chief mourrer. They are clothed in white linen garments. The women are carried in chairs. They sob and wail at intervals and in unison. When the burying-place is reached the bonzes begin chanting a mass for the dead, and the coffin is put, into the tomb. A large oblong white marble table is placed before the tomb. On the middle 0! it is set a censer and two vases and owe candlesticks, all of as exquisite wm‘kmsnship as possible. Then they have a paper cremation ! Paper flgnres of men, horses, garments and a score of other things are burned. They are supposed to undergo a. material resurrection, and to be useful to the dead in the Chinese heaven, the tomb is sealed up or closed, and an entertainment concludes the cere- mony at the grave. Between Paris and Berlin mail matter is now transmitted in thirty-five minutes by the pneumatic process, which is found most. advantageous. The Imperial Ottoman Government has sent; three young Turkish women tu France to study medicine. One of them has been sent to Montpelier, another to Nancy. and the third to Lille. The forms of the Chinese tombs vary somewhat. With the very poor the coffin is placed on the ground, earth and lime are packed about it, and a rude grave is formed. With the rich 9. vault is built in the form of a. horseshoe. If the dead was of note or position the decorations of the grave and of the coffin are very elaborate. Over 80 per cent. of the shipping of the world is built, in the British Isles, and negrly oue-Ealf‘of thisjs (1n theuClyde. The winner of the prize for the beat. specimen of microScopic handwriting, of- feted in Paris recently, submitted a. postal card containing on one side the contents of the first two pages of a. big newwaper. Advertising began in E g1 nd over two hundred and fifty yearsgso. It is said that the first advertiser gave notice of the loss of his horse, and ofiered a reward for its return, and that the advertisement was successful. Field Marshal van Blumenthal, the only an: viviug German marshal of the Franco- Prussian war, says he believes that war about: every thirty years, for some unfath- omable reason, seems to be indispensable m “ reestablish the equilibrium necessary to the progress and development of so. ciefiy.” “ . .m. .i.“ Time Duke of Tack and the Baroness Burdett-Coutts have been presented in London to Mr. James Corbett, {be gentle man who pounded the faces of Mr. J. L. Sullivan and Mr. Charles Mitchell in the Southern prize rings. Thus doth the aristocracy of rank and the aristocracy of philanthropy pay tribute to the aristo- cracy of muscle. Qfieen Victoria’s descendants either occupy now or in the natural course at events bid fair to sit upon seven thrones, those of the British Empire, the German Empire, the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Greece, the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Duchy of Saxe Coburg and Gotham, and who Duchy of SaxevMeiningen. EER PAPER CREMATION AT THE TOMB. EUROPEAN ECHOES. IN CHEM.