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If there were fewar horses and more hogs in this country just at this time there Would be more meney in view for the stock miners. Just, now only certain classes of homes are in demand at all, while hogs are cash any day. Live Stock Notes. Sweec milk is the very best food for young pigs. It. is worth more when fed to them than when it is made inm butter a. 161] cents a pound. Those who practice the other plan usu- ally raise but few animals and do not breed their stock. They buy new milch cows from other farmers whenever they wish to increase their milk supply. They buy a cheap grade oi cow, and keep them fan-ow. milking them as long as profitable, and then either fatten for beef or exchange for fresh milkers. Often a stocky-built cow when fed an a highâ€"grain ration can be milked for along period and then be all ready for the butcher as soon as the milk flow stops. A great advantage of this plan is that the supply of milk can be muchl more easily kept at regular amount, a verv important consideration in runine a milk 1 route. Also when the cows are fed high and iattened for market a lot of rich manure is an added source of profit. Oil late years a number of milk farmers have abandoned the old way to adopt this plan. But to succeed, the dairyman must be something of an expert in judging the value of cows. and in buying cheap miloh cows he will do well to keep good watch for animals affected with tuberculosis. Such cattle may milk well as long as they are kept, and will sometimes take on tat. but upon slaughtering they would be con- demned for market if found to beaiieoted. Many dairymen have two general methods for keeping up the milk supply. The more common plan is to keep Lhe same set of cows year after year. The cowa remain dry for a month or two, sometimes a good deal longer, but the idea is to bring them around again as Soon as possible. Farmers who follow this method usually raise their own stock and take more pride in it, because (he cattle are to he kept, dur- ing the animal’s useful period of life. With an eye to future value, the milch cows are not so often injured by over graining, to force a big milk supply. Good cows are bought. and the herd is bred up LO 3 better standard, when poasible. not, occupied as “standing ground,” the hop affords an excellent QL‘ADRUPLE STEPLADDERâ€" resting place for the basket. in will be found exceeding- ly convenient for the home orchard, where one may desire to pick but a baskeLor two of fruit M a time,and wishes to make a. select- ion of those in the best condition for pick- ing. It should be made erong, bun light, so as to be readily moved about. importance. There are very few {arms upon which more or less rile: could not he used with great profit, and as a rule the farmer who begins 1,0 drain his farm will be so fully convinced of Lhe benefits derived therefrom that he will conbiuue putting in drains until he has finished the Work on the whole form. A heavy clay soil can never be farmed to the best purpose unless 1L is 1 drained and, except for special crops, most, of mucky and low lyinglmids are benefited by a thorough system of drainage. A very few sections of nhe Country have a subsoil that is in such condition that drainage is I notnecessary. These are the Sections where the soil rests on a stratum of gravel that allows zhe surface water to pass away through underground channels. In some places asbratnm of clay lies above the grav- el, and this must be cut. Lhrough,before the water can tench its outlet. These places are so few and limited in area‘trhat, in com- parison with the whole country or that, part of it where drainage is needed, that they are of little importance in considering the subject. Drainage acts in two ways. It; allows the surplus water to run away quickly, ‘ leaving the soil in a shape to be billed in a short time after heavy rains, and paradoxi- i on] as in may seem, it keeps the soil in a condition to retain more moisture than it Would if undrained. A hard. compact clay soil that in dry times will become baked and lumpy if not drained, will, when a. proper systm of drainage is in operation, become loose and friable and retain mois- ture enough to withsband a drought that, will wither crops on low black lands. This is because the drains running through the land are not. only pipes for carrying 06' Water but they also allow air to penetrate every pnrfiof the soil and nhis air carries she moisture with it and results in Benefit to the growing crop. It took a long time to convince farmers that draining was cheaper than open ditches and much more reflective, but in these days there are few who will dispute the fact, and these few are among the unprogressive who do not read the papers Designs for ladders are legion, some good some bad,and some indifferent. The quadv runle atepladder here illustrated must be classed among mhe good designs,for obvious reasons. Placed underlow,branching trees its use permits one to move about within reach of a large portion of the Whole side of a tree, be. cause of its four sides, about which onecan in:er Slap. More- over, when A Convenience in Fruit Gathering. Drainage is beingstudied now by farmers as never before, and in an sec-Lions oi the country it. is becoming a. maLLer of first! Keeping Up the Milk Supply. AGRICULTURAL Draining TIN filter! or the Openlng of ll“: Slberlau mun-mu] on Grain )lnl'kt‘la. Discoveries, like" troubles, never come singly, evidently. Simultaneously with the announcement of the discovary of this new gas comes a. report from Baltimore of the solution of a problem with which science has coped unsuccessfully for years. This is the production of ammonia from the nitrogen of the air. The name oi the dis- coverer is not made public nor the process by which he arrives at results, but these are 01 little concern compared with the value of the discovery, if is be real. Among fertilizers the most, valuable is ammonia. being composed mainly of ninrogen, and the quest for ammonia in acheap form has been constanb. If the Baltimore discoverer can produce cheap ammonia his future is not. only secure, but he will bestow lnesbimablc benefit on agriculture. The soil would no longer be subject to impoverishment and the crop production of the world would be doubled. United States Consul-General Jones at St. Petersburg, in a report, points to the fact that. the early completion of the Siber- ian railroad is likely to have depressing effect. upon the prices of grain throughout the world. No reliable estimate can be formed of the probable export; of Siberian grain to Europe by this road, and one rough estimate, placing it at 6,000,000 bushels for the West. Siberian section. is regarded as decidedly too low. Moreover, the complet- ion of the road is expected to greatly stim- ulave the planting of grain in the black soil belt, famous for its fertility. In 1889 the Siberian Government produced a. surplus of 30,000,000 bushels of grain. To lessen the depressing effect upon the local St. Petersburg market. of the expected in- rush of Siberian Wheat 3 new outlet; is being provided by a. line of railroad from Perm, already connected with western Si» beria‘ to Koalas. on the Dvina river, offer- ing an easy waterway to Archangel, on the White sea, whence the when; can be export» ed to other European countries. The loss of stock from impure wateris greater than is usually known. In many cases the animals do not die but lose con- dition and do not make Weight in a satis- factory manner. Where the drinking water has agree!) scum over it n. is new In for dunking purposes for any animal, and unless pure spring or creek water is in plentiful supply in is good economy to put down wells and erect. windmills, This may cost something to begin wish, but will save money in the end. While the British Association has accept- ed me discovery as a. mosh important one, Prof. Dewar, the expert in analysis of the atmosphere, is not prepared to concede a separate identity to the new gas. His ex- perience in liqueiying air has been that the prOduct is alWays clouded by a white de- posit, which, in his opinion. may be the solid form of the new gas, but which be supposed was solid carbonic acid and other impurities. As it forms iarless than one per cent. he is not prepared to say that the experiments of Rayleigh and Ramsay have brought. a new atmospheric quantity to light, but the genelal belief is than the new gas exists, though not in appreciable quintity in ordinfiry atmqsphere. The experimenters exp‘iained to the association fully and convincingly the results of their operations. Thev found that nitrogen obtained from air has a dif- ferent density from that of the same gas obtained from other sources. Treating the pure nitrogen of the atmosphere with mag- nesium, the nitrogen was absorbed, and the residue was found to be a dense and re- markably inert gas, fifty per cent. heavier than nitrogen and twenty-one times heavier than hydrogen. The spectrum was new, showing asiugle blue line much more in- tense than the corresponding line in the nitrogen spectrum. The experimenters were able to secure only a quarter of a pint of the new gaze. Lord Rayleigh and Pror. nan-nay “ave Discovered a Nrw Gasln the Anna‘- phere. The scientific sensation of the year in Great Britain is fine discovery of a new gas in the atmosphere, the announcement, of which has just been made by the British Association. The honor of the discovery belongs to Lord Rayieigh and Prof. Ram- say, who kept the result of their investiga- tions secret in order to fulfil the conditions of the prize offered through the Smithson- ian Institution for the mast important scientific discovery. About; the largest sheep shearing stoxy we ever heard of comes from Wyoming, where n, is and than one man sheared 356 sheep in ten hours. and another 3‘22. Everything grows large in those new coun. tries, even the stories they tell. Most of the diseases of swine arise from filthy quarters, and feeding ton excessivly on in forming food. Cive a good grass range and plenty of pure water umil it is time m confine them to finish {or markgn, and then have dean quarters for them. Don‘t hurry the horses in hot weather. Give Lhem mm: to do their work at their natural gaia. Give ahem plenty of cold water to drink and let them rest in the shade often. By doing these things you will get, more service from them ; they will feel better and you will be better off your- self. \Ve are glad to note that some of the older breeds of cattle are slowly but surely coming into prominence again. The Jer- sey is all right as a. butter machine, but, the good old Shot-thorn was at one time good for milk and butter both, and as nenr the idealgeneral purpose cow as one could ex- pect- to find. Hogs seem to be holding their own re- markably well in the way of prices, and at, this time there is no prospect of a great reducm'on. Hogs have paid better than any other clues of farm stock for two or three years and are proving themselves to be the best class of stock for tarmers Lo depend on one year with another. NEW DISCOVERIES IN SCIENCE. WHEAT IN RUSSIA. in." In merry 1 Everyone got on board int a preliminary but lose con- Spin, and began to inspect the construction. ght in a satis- the drinking r it it is not any animal, air water is in onomy to put is, This may but will save fv-nvering. so it was started. 1,400 square feet. SClENCE. “many llave the Limo:- the year in of a new gas incement of the British rl‘he platform seemed to he an oblong frame- work, covered with a wooden grating, and running like a. “ bozie” on four heavily- flanged wheels. A web of stays and steels supports stretched upward from this, hear- ing aloft the main aeroplane, a double- stretched sheet of balloon cloth, like an awning nilted slightly upward in front, and \ ith this the machine is just enabled to w lightly, on tip-toe, as it were, without at v, risk of its leaving the track and pro- ju. :ng itself into space. When all the canvas is on there are ten of these aero‘ planes. arranged in tiers or decks, and measuring across the extreme tips of the Wings 150 feet. It is Impossible to say yet whatwonld happen it the machine were started with all these trappings, for Mr. Maxim is too careful a man to run risks until he has made sure of every individual detail. A Risingm‘lan. r Warden (no newxy arnveu uonViQt)â€"-I'l this institution We try to puta. man to work at his own trade or profession, so that he can work his way up. What is! your occupa- O F‘igureg are rarely telegraphed. The pos- sibility of noting an error in a. group of arbitrary figures is Very remote. Should 3 letter or two he “jumbled” in a. code word, there are various Ways of correcting ahe mistakeâ€"the sense, the context, and refer- ence to the code; but; these guides do not, apply to the case of figures. The only rem~ only for a suspected error is repetition of me message all an onchauced cost of 50 per cent. Numbers, therefore, are expressed by a code word. Errors in the transmisision of amounts of money are very rare-i A bank- er’s code conbains words for every possible sum of money from a halfpenny up to hun- dreds of thousands of pounds; and the auth- ors have exhibited great ingenuity in mak- ing a. limited supply of words do very ex. teuaive service. Telegraph Codes. The compiler of a really reliable and comprehensive code is met at the outset of his undertaking by a difficulty that, so far has defied all attempts at, solution beyond a certain pomt. Despite the face than the rules of the cable companies permit him to lay under contribution eight languages, the total number of words that; can be used with safety for coding purposes is only about 150,000. The reasons for this are two-fold. First, the companies decline to permit, the use ofauy code word of more than ten letters, and it is dangerous to em- ploy Those having less than seven, owing to the difficulty of detecting an error in short words. Further, thousands. nay hundreds of thouaanda, of words are reject- ed because of the similarity of the tele- graphic symbols that, I‘nake up ‘thewl‘etbeta. It was rather alarming. The lightness )0f the frame gave a feeling of instability, wind when the lift. came on the aeroplane one hardly seemed to touch the ground. Every heart rose to its respective mouth. and every hand grasped convulsively at some solid object, as though life depended on holding on, and the general sensation was one of rushing through space on the crest of a. fierce tornado. When the end of the track came in view it seemed absolute- ly impossible that one could stop. A rope was stretched across the course; we crashed through it, then through a second, then a third, and, lo, we drew up in the gentlest and most graceful manner imaginable with- in a. few feet of the thickest hedge. It was an extremely clever piece of brake work. The ropes were wound around friction capstans, and the pull increased as they Were paid out, until the combined action became sufficient to arrest the enormous impetus of the machine rushing at forty miles an hour. Then everybody laughed and declared it was delicious, and decided to try it again. go,” and the great bird-like structure bounded forward with the speed of an expresa train upon its brief career across the meadows. Leaders or Solenrc Learning to Flyâ€"- Hiram Maxim‘s .h-rlal VIM-lune. For sheer exhilaration there is nothing lo compare with a. trip on a. flying machine- It hens swirchbacks, Lobnggans, and shoot. ing the chutes all put together says the Paul Mall Gazette. Indoea not/matter if the flying machine only flies along the ground it is a novel and excibing sensation ; and the step to this from flying through the air is not so great. as might. be imagined. This was the practically uua nimoua verdict of a. distinguished company who travelled down to Bexley one glorious morning recently, in order to see for themselves, and to try the famous aerial machine which Mr. Hiram Maxim has been engaged on for the last eight years. AD the stem end. starting from the shafts some ten feet from the floor, were two enormous propellers, on which the interest began to be concentrated. A turn of a. lever set one of these in motion, and as the revolutions become swifter and swift/er, the slender frame-work shiver-ed and shook. “Men the second started, a hurricane grew up. The machine rocked violently back- wards and forwards, straining at the anchor that held it, and threatening to break all to pieces ; clouds of shavings and debzis arose behind, showing what the force of the push must be ; and at last, when everything was ready, and the propellers were at maximum speed, a. shrill whistle gave the order to “let There was Lord Kelvin and Lord Ray- leigh, Sir Douglas Galnou, Earl Russel, Prof. Vernon Boys, Sir Guilford Moles- worth, Prof Bell Pettigrew, of Edmburgh, and the science correSpondent of the Paul Mall Gazette. After a short inspecnion 0f the beauties of Baldwyn’s park and the house. guarded by a formidable-looking Maxim gun, placed in Lhe entrance hall, the party were escorted to where the monster flying machine stood facing the 300 yards of track on which it is allowed to run ConVic LOCOMOTION OF THE FUTURE. 2| aeronnu The officer examined the pockets of the dead man and. from documents found on his persen,learned that he was Hiram J. McDonald, of 11 Walton street. Lying close beside the body was a. soda water bottle entirely empty. P. C. Page imme- diately summoned the patrol w¢ggon and had the bogiy remoyed to 1‘1 Walton street. McDonald, who has lately been a dealer in pictures and picture frames. left home after bidding his Wife good-bye as usual about 9 o’clock yesterday morning. He then proceeded to the store of his broth ar- in-law, Mr. James Brimscin, where he sat and chatted for a. Considerable time. The ill-health of his wife and his own poor health and business troubles had lately made him very despondent, and ne discuss- ed his troubles for some time with Mr. Brimstin. Before leaving he said something to the effect; that he ” was not very long for this world," but his brothepin-law took no notice of this, thinking that he was only a. little more despOndent than usual. As Mr. McDonald did not: appear at supper, Mrs. McDonald asked Mr. Brimstin to make some effort to find him. Mr. Brimstin sought, but when he returned to VValLon street he found the patrol waggon already there with the body. They will be [hunted From Pillar to Post lintil life Becomes a Burden. The Anarchists are going to have a. lively time on both sides of the Atlantic. The new French law punishes advocates of vio- lence with solitary confinement for the first offence, and deportation for the second. The other continental Governments are also up in arms against the Anarchists. The Rosebery Government has declined to in- troduce speCial legislation, but the atten- tions of the metropolitan police have recent- ly been so pressing that the Anarchists have found London too hot for them. The United States has generally been the last refuge of these social outlaws,but even that avenue is to be closed to them. A bill, which has passed the Senate and is likely to become law, forbids the admission of Anarchists to the United States. Special officers will be appomted at the European ports of embarkation to Warn the shipown- era that such passengers will not be allowed to land. Even if an Anarchist sucaeeds in getting himself smuggled in, he can be arrested on n Warrant and sent back to the country from which he come. If a. resident of the United States, not being a. citizen, is convicted of any misdemeanor and it is shown that he is an Anarchist. his expulsion from the country can be ordered, and the mere fact of his return will be enough to secure his impris- onment in the penitentiary after which he will beagsin deported. The enforcement of the law will not only prevent the admis- sion of foreign Anarchists to the States, but will bring a.'o out the expulsion of the large number already there, if they attempt any open advocacy of their opinion. It is evident that the Anarchist who is not able or willing to keep quiet will be hunted from pillar to post until his life becomes a burden to him. But as Anarchists show no mercy to society, they cannot expect society toshow any consideration for them. The attempt to crush anarchy springs directly from the instinct of self preserve.- tion. A Toronto despatch says :â€"Abou$ 6.45 o’clock on Wednesday night RC. Page, while patrolling Queen’s park, discovered sitting upright against a. beech tree, just a. little south ofi McMaster University, the lifelexsa body of an old man apparently about 60 years of age. Real Estate Dealer n‘Donald's Sad Emlâ€" llh Lifeless Body Found Ll‘anlnz Agalml a Tree by a Pulict an. Foreign Markers Have Other Sources of Supply. and final. Cheaper Ones. British coal mine owners are awakening to the fact that there are other cool pro- ducing countries in the Warld than Great Britain and that the development of these deposits will have a marked effect upon the export of coal from British mines. The Glasgow Herald points out that the min- ‘ng of coal is now a leading industry in quarters of the globe wh ere its existence was not even dreamed of a generation ago. Australia, Chili, Maxim, Japan, Formosa and India now produce ceal in quantity, and in the East British cos) will soon be unknown. The annual output in India. now approaches three million tons, “yet some of the largest and richest coal fields are barely tapped.” In 1892 there were no lfewer than 88 collieries at work in India, all of which. with one exception, were in British territory. From these mines the factories and shipping of Calcutta. are supplied, and from Calcutta the cooling stations on the coast are stocked instead of from Cardifi, the cost at Calcutta being only one-fifth of the cast of imported coal. Bengal cos! is also rapidly disâ€" placing English and Scotch coal in Burmah, and China, Batavis and the Straits Settlements are profitable customers. As soon as the trans- Sibericn railway reaches Vladivo stock the output of the Siberian coal fields will find its Way into those seas and a. new competi- tor will be in the market. This means s serious situation for British mine owners and shippers, who for many years monopâ€" olized the eastern trade and even supplied the South American and Californiainarket. The Glasgow Heroldomitted from its list the Vancouver Island deposits and the cool measures in the Gulf of Georgia which, sooner or later, will control the trade on thewest coast of North America. where British coal has now small sale. The Nova Scotis. article, too, will ultimately play an important part in development on the Atlantic coast. The talk in England is to restrict the output so that foreign demand may not exhaust the supply, but in view of the facts recorded there is little need of such restriction. The foreign markets have other Sources of supply and much cheaper ones, and Britain will have to market her output in countries which find her the most convenient. BRITAIN’S COAL TRADE THREAT- ENED. N0 REST FOR ANARCHISTS. CHOSE THE PARK TO DIE. Fifty Miles an Hour at Sea- As the inventor of a. perpendicular pad- dle propeller, Mr. G. A. Haig, is through the English papers preparing the world for the advent of fifty-mile-an-hour Ocean steamers, which, he observes, would reduce the present Post Office contract time for Melbourne from 355 to 1:? days. “The mistake made by the fast, ships,” he writes, “is in carrying any cargoâ€"it does not pay, ii there are sufficient, passengers going so any part, to pay for ‘quick transit’. If they built ships wholly for passengers, mails, and parcels, and used the v. hole of the ship for propelling machinery it would pay them a deal better. and it. would be better for the cargo steamers also. At present a great. liner will often take cargo for almost. nothing just to fill up, injuring her neigh- bors at first; and herself in the end. If we had forty or fifty or sixty mile passenger steamers carrying passengers, mails. and parcels, and nothing else to all our princi- pal colonies, and eight or ten-mile cargo boats‘ our business Would be done much more regularly and quite as chesplyas now. Quick transit. passengers would pay more than at present, but. cargo would be carried at more steady and therefore cheaper rates, and the few passengers who could not afford express fares could go in the cargo steamers in the captain‘s cabin, as used to be the rule sixty years ago." A Platinum Mine. In nearly all the nickel ore mined in the Sudbury district there is more or less plati num, but not. in paying q‘mncicies, except at the Vermillion mine in rhe Lowmhip of Denison. Last» week, hoWever, an impor- tant; discovery of this rare mineral was made in the township of Snider, not far from the Tam O’Shsnter mine, and in the most casual way. A Well-known prospecâ€" tor, who had been out looking for timber for one of the mines in that. vicinity, was going down to 8. small lake for a drink of ‘water, when he noticed the peculiar color ‘oi the earth thrown up by a fallen tree in a. swamp at the foot of the bluff. 0n exami- nation the whole flat proved to be a deposit of platinum ore much larger and richer than the one at- the Vermillion mine, A real infant phenomenon keeps all the medical men and pedagogues of the good old town of Brunswick in a. state of wont der and delight. The little son of a. local butcher, a baby just two years old, can read with perfect ease anything written or printed in German or Latin characters. A few weeks ago three Brunswick doctors had the baby introduced to them at the house of one of the learned gentlemen. The first thing the halo one did when brought into the consulting room was to stand on his toes at, the table. reading out from the books that were lying about. All that could be ascertained as to the Why and wherefore of this uncanny accomplishment is that. when the baby was 1.9 months old, and his grandmother took him out, be always immediately caught sight. of the in- scriptions over shops. and asked about them as only a small child can, till he had fathomed the meaning of the letters. It was the same at home; books and news- papers had greater fescinations than lolli- pops and toys, and Whatever the parents playfully told him he remembered. with the result that at the age of two years he reads with perfect ease. Apart from his accomplishment in reading, the boy’s de. velopment is quite normal. The New Penal Settlement WhleVlll Succeed slbcrlu. A St. Petersburg letter says it has been decreed by the Czar's Government that Siberia is too good for convicts, and as soon as the new Trans-Siberian railway has penetrated its gloomy dept-ha it will be turned into a “ paradise ” for agricultural settlers and mining sharps, while Nihilists At the present moment the most inter- esting colonist of Seghnlin in Sophie Bluhstem, a. full-blooded Russian, in syite of her German name- She first achieved criminal renown by pressing her atten- tions upon the Shah of Persia during the Iatter’a visit to Sc. Petersbu‘i‘g. Sophie had avowmly no intention of ndding his Majesty to her list of admirers, but sought his acquaintance merely for the purpose of relieving him. if pOSSible, of some of his diamonds. She was foiled in her eflorts, but succeeded in having her priVate car attached to the Shah's special train. For this piece of enterprise she was banished to Siberia for a year, and while there. organ- ized a. band of cut-throats and robbers, whose services she controlled on the con- tinent after their terms had expired. She is said to be the sharpest criminal living, and in sending her to Seghalin the Russian Government claims to have conferred a. lasting benefit upon the wealthy classes. and other refractory members of Russian society will. in the future, be accommo- dated on the Island of Saghalin, off the coast, of Russian Manchuria, the eastern terminus of the Czar‘s possessions, north of Japan. So revolting and horrible to civ- ilized nations is Saghalin that the Czar consented to its adoption as an open air pnaon only after the aSsnssination of Can-- not and the discovery of the recent plow against his own life. “The people and the convicts of Siberia never speak of the island other than ” the hell of Saghalin,” and its climate is said to be so much worse than that of Siberia as to rob this appellation of an exaggerated character, even in the mouths of these lost ones. The island is separated from the main land by the Gulf of Tertary, and its eastern coast is washed by the Sea of Okhmsk. The Governor of Manchuria has reported theta. human being not being born on the island cannot live more than a. year there. There is no means of escape except in the winter, when, if a prisoner can manage to make his way 100 miles north from the prison, it is possible to reach the mainland over the ice. The ice bridge is guarded ; still, two or three pris- oners have escaped by dodging behind masses of snow and ice, or, what is far more probable, by bribing officials. At the present moment the most inter- esting colonist of Saghalin is Sophie Bluhstem, a. full-blooded Russian, in syite of her German name- She first achieved An Infant Phenomenon HELL ON EARTH