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\\‘~ 1 1 (mg from twenty minutes to an hour. There is an acute pain in the side affected which (grows in intensity as the disease advances. {In ordinary cases there is a cough and the ’sputum thrown ofi is tinged with blood : and very tenacious. ' up to 103 or 104 and continues so duringthe V-IllTllilS 0F PllEUlllflllll. 1“ flow the Deadly Microbe Attacks the Lung â€"lts Short and swift Careerâ€"Precnm tions Which Should he Observed by All. degree and is often noticed in veritable epidemics. The germs would seem to form little populous centres of their own and not infrequently two or more members i family are stricken at the same time HOW TO AVOID YNEUMONIA. Since treatment effects the progress of pneumonia to such a small degree and as the death rate is so high it is obvious that all precautions should be observed to pre- vent an attack. Although it is a germ disease and not to be confounded with a cold, it has, nevertheless, been observed that it is usually associated with expoeure to cold and damp weather. Old people should be particularly careful to wrap up warmly when going out, and to avoid all sudden draughts and chills. Exposure to severe cold should be avoided. As an organism in good physical condition will throw off the germs, it stands to reason that all should strive to keep up the tone of the system by observing the rules of health which are now sufficiently known to all. Cleanliness, fresh air, exercise and butcher’s meat are the means to this end. It has moreover been frequently noticed by the observant physician that people who worry greatly are particularly subject to the disease. Worry of course lowers the vitality and indirectly makes a man reck- less so that he is not as careful to avoid exposure as he would be ordinarily. This is a probable explanation of the susceptibil- ity of excitable people to pneumonia. As for drinkers it would indeed be well if they drew it mild at least during the winter months. Let pneumonia get its grip on a heavy drinker and he is usually a dead man in three days. There is little or no hope for him. When it is considered that drinkers who keep late hours are particu- larly exposed to cold it will be readily conceded that King Alcohol plays directly into the hands of pneumonia. If, however, people make an effort to keep up their Auitable for its operations, it begins its health-“1d Observe “Sui” l‘OWF- were“ not great danger from this disease. If work' The Symptoms of_ this due“? are people were to make some little effort along We“ mBTkEd. and 110 physwmn experiences ‘ this line undoubtedly the death records of much difficulty in diagnoaing a case of pneumonia for the season 1894-5 would look pneumonia. The first manifestations is a meagre “5 compared With “‘059 °f (“mar marked chill with rigor and shivering,1ast- yeam' The death records during the long mouths of the Canadian winter, show humanlife has no more active or more deadly foe than pneumonia. It is a familiar saying among Canadians that old people die in winter and little children in summer. 0f.the host of the aged who finished life’s journey, a large percentage are stricken down in January, February and March, those being the months in which the pneumo~ microbe creates greatest havoc. ['1‘ Is A GERM DISEASE. Comparatively few people are aware that pneumonia is a germ disease, caused by a distinct species of microbe and in no Way to be confounded with a severe cold or inflammation of the lung. In winter the atmosphere contains great numbers of these microbes which are inhaled by all classes, the strong throwmg them off by reason of their constitutional vigor and the weak falling, in two many cases, victims to the disease. There is little doubt that thousands of disease germs of all kinds are inhaled daily and thrown off without injury by strong organisms. SYMPTOMS or THE DISEASE. Once the germ of pneumonia enters lungs CARE OF MACADAM ROADS. Instructions Issued by the Road Improve- ment Association of London. England. Improved roads are becoming so common in various parts of our country, that the following instructions, issued by the Road Improvement Association of London, Eng- land, for the guidance of their roadmen, will be of great service to all who have to do with this class of roads ; for one thing is sure. a Telford or Macadam road needs the best of care to be in good condition, and unless this care is given them they soon get exudation of serum which coagulates with- ' on” 0f. ordet’ end the work 0f repairing in the cells, closes them up and renders the . them Is EXPEDBWG- lungs totally useless for respiratory pur- 1. Never allow a hollow, a rut, or a . l poses. One lobe of a lung may be atlected, [ puddle to remain 0,, a road, but fill it up or two or the whole or both lun . . ’ , gs. l at once With chipsfrom the stone heap. DRUNKABDS PNEUMONIA. 2. Always use chips for patching and for Especmny is Pneumonia hard on those .‘ all repairs during the summer months. who have been addicted to strong drink. i T , Statistics of death in pneumonia would ‘ 3. Lever put fresh stones on the roads, if furnish one of the most striking temperance l by cross-picking and 8- tIhOI'Ough use of the lectures on record if all the facts were irake the surface can be made smooth and known. The very young and the aged ‘ k h l d . . . , _ I ept at t e proper streugt i an section. succumb readily enough to this iell destroy 4. Remember that the take is the most er, but the man of strong frame goes down V . in the pride of his strength if he has , useful tool in your collection, and it should at close hand the whole year undermined his constitution by alcohol. ibe kePt' So commonly has this been observed that a ‘ round. very malignant form of pneumonia which 5. Do not spread large patches of stone has been frequently noticed in cases of over the whole Width of the road, but coat inebriates has been termed “drunkard’s . the middle or horse track first, and when pneumonia.” In this malignant form, 1 this has worn in, coat each of the sides in there may be little or no coughing; the turn. temperature will show but little rise ; but I 6. ln moderately dry weather and on the pulse is usually bounding. The heart ' hard roads alwoysppmk up the old surface is speedily afl‘ected and death results, as into ridges six inches apart, and remove all it does in most cases of pneumonia. which large and projecting stones before applying prove fatal from endocarditis, or an inflam- 8- neW coating. mation within the heart. 7. Never spread stones more than one DRUGS OF LITTLE “mum stone deep, but add a second layer when . . . _ , the first has Worn in if one coat be not Pneumonia. is essentially a self-limited ’ e h. disease. It runs a fixed course and drugs [lg-“g Never shoot stones on the mad and havs little or no effect in checking its h th ‘ career. The headache, the pain in the amok L em Where ey he, or a amom’h , _ _ surface will be out of the question. side, the high fever and the pleurisy con- 9. Never put, a “one upon the road for tinue for about a Week. Then if the . . . f patient does not die the temperature takes “[381ng purposes that WI“ n0t reely pass in every direction through a two-inch ring, 5‘ droP aFd he gradually, r°?°"er5' ,Wnere and remember that still smaller stones adoctor is most useful is in Watching the The temperature goes course of the illness, which is about a Week or ten days, when it suddenly falls. This sudden fall is called the crisis of pneumonia, and is quite a distinct feature of the dis- case. As soon as the crisis occurs the pa- tient changes from a condition of severe pain to on: of comparative comfort and proceeds to get well. The cause of all these manipulations,oi course,ha.s been the pneu- monia microbe which causes an inflammation of the lung or lungs by bringing about an TE EK'S NES. There is a demandfor dwelling houses in Cwen Sound. George hoover, a notorious bandit, has ‘ ecu jailed at Brockville. Jonas Knechtel, a prominent architect of Berlin, Ont., is dead from typhoid fever. The late John T. Warrington, jr., of Belleville, left an estate valued at $26,000. The assessed value of property in Lon- don. Ont., is $15,328,710 ; $250,700 higher than last year. The Montreal Exhibition Company has endorsed the project of holding a VVorld’s Fair in that city in 1896. The Kingston Dairy school was opened on Thursday, Professor Robertson, Domin- ion Dairy Commissioner. giving the open- ing lecture. Przhodda and Happka, the two Poles charged with a vicious attack on Mr. Wild- fong, of Berlin, Ont., some days ago, have been committed for trial. The insurance companies in IV i'inipeg, which raised the rates twenty-five ,cr cent. on account of the recent fires. have restored them to the old figure. The following telegram has been received by Hon. Mr. Bowell : “ The Canadian Pa cific Telegraph Company will be pleased to transmit free all telegrams in connection with the proposed national subscription. (Signed) C. R. Hosmer.” The committee on the national testimon- ial to Lady Thompson consists of Hon. Messrs. Bowel], Ives and Angers. Mr. Foster is treasurer. Mr. Bowell received a letter from a Montreal gentleman sub- scribing $1,000 to the fund. The Quebec Treasury has received a cheque for fifteen thousand dollars as an inheritance tax on the late Duncan Mo- Intyre’s estate in that province. The estate in the Province of Quebec was appraised at $1,045,616.10, but as one-half belongs to Mrs. McIntyre, the succession duty of three per cent. only applies to the balance. Mr. John Whyte, of Mitchell, Ont., has had about forty sheep stolen out of a herd of about five hundred, and on Thursday night James Shane, a farmer living about a mile and a quarter from Mitchell, was arrested on the charge of stealing the sheep, of which about twenty-five have been re- covered. Joseph Truskey was hanged on Friday at Sandwich. Ont., for the murder of Con- stable Lindsay at Comber, Ont., on January 20th last. 'l‘ruskey committed the crime in revenge, Constable Lindsay having had him arrested for cruelty to animals in October, 1893, of which charge Truskey was found guilty and fined sixty dollars and costs. The Rev. E. J. Fessenden, rector oi Trinity church, Chippawa, Ont., has com- menced an action and issued a writ to recover his salary as the rector of that congregation since 1891. The vestry passed a resolution in 1891 stopping Mr. essendeu’s salary, after their request to have him removed had been refused by the Bishop, but Mr. Fessenden continued in charge, being supported by a few of his faithful parishioners. GREAT BRITAIN. Lord Brassey is spoken of as the coming Governor of Victoria, Australia. The Bank of England’s rate of discount remains unchanged at 2 per cent. Glasgow has one underground railway in operatiOn and two more under construc- tion. A despatch from London says a detective has been specially told 03 to protect the Queen. The business troubles at St. John’s Nfid., have not had any efi‘ect on London com. merical circles. The Prince of Wales will go to Cannes in January to race his yacht, the Britannia, in the regatta there. During the recent floods in the Thames valley soup was made daily at Windsor castle for the sufferers. 'I‘he inundation was the greatest since 1742. It is stated on good authority in London that the object of Sir William Van Horne's visit is not financial, but entirely for the benefit of his health. At the request of Sir Charles Tupper, action of the heart, preventing complica- Should be used for Patcmng and for 3“ tions, and easing the pain. A physician should always be called as soon as possible. The patient should be warmly wrapped up, but should be well supplied with fresh air. Stimulants are useful, and a useful method of treatment in the past has been by poul- ticing the chest. Of late cold water applications have given goodresults. But people should never attempt to doctor a case of pneumonia. Send for the family physician at once. The heart must be carefully looked after, and every person doesn’t understand the action of digitalis ind morphia. Inhalations of oxygen, if properly administered, may be of great use. A FIELD FOR EXPERIMENT. The curious phenomenon of the sudden steep gradients. or they will fail to bind NVlV fall in temperature or crisis referred to above has been the cause of many theories and experiments among medical men. As the disease seems to limit thought that the microbe threw out a sub- stance which neutralized its own ptomaiue or poison. ither this is the case or else the human system manufactures an anti- toxin which neutralizes this poison in the methods as it manufactures the anti toxin in the new diphtheria cure. pneumonia, that crisis might be brought on earlier in the disease if the injected under the skin of the patient. they tried injections from the serum taken ' from convalescent patients who had reached So far, however, these I experimean have resulted fruiLlegsly and I force should be attached to rules 14 and 15, pneumonia is still one of the deadliest of acute diseases and but little amenable to ; depend in a great measure the usefulness- or passed the crisis. treatment DEATH RATE IS IIIGII The percentage of mortality in pneumonia. I simple principles. s very high. From statistics compiled it ‘. the surface is allowed to become foul with Ills'llissed- is found that it runs from twenty to thirty h irsc voidings and an accumulation of iiir: B‘Ue‘liCL & Fowler New, York lumber per cent. of all cases. In Canada the rate and (lust, are seldom scraped or cleaned, ‘lei‘ler‘h hm") “Ssmned' L'B‘billtlesi 5401' would be about 1w" nty per cent. In and being constantly sprii,iklml,the surface, “U” W959“, Sfll-lvl’lm southern 001“!in the rate is much higher, which should be hard and clean, becomes Samuel C. Newly, the New York Shoe ranging from [wavy eight to thirty per foul with it sticky, na+ty mull two or throw ill‘l szuilim l). lilk «leiiiiiltL-r. is now in cent. The disease is infectious to a certain inches deep. ’ - unloa- all in that city. itself it was The medical men argued that as the crisis was caused by a serum hostile to the poison of serum were r ters and ditches to clog up, but keep them So: clear the whole year through. slight repairs. Mr. William Reynolds-Stephens and Mr. 10. Recollect that hard stones should be Joseph Whitehead “Ch F°°k “- PlaSte“ 0”” broken to finer gauge than soft, but that Of the {We 0f “‘9 13'” S” JOhn Th‘mpson the two-inch gauge is the largest that for the Purpose Of makmg‘a bus“ should be used undor any circumstances Serious depression prevails in the Eng. where no steam roller is employed. lish alkali trade. The United Alkali. 11. Never be without your ring gauge ; Company’s works have been shut down and remember Macadam’s advice that any several thousand men are idle. “one you 031mm easily put in your mouth In view of the agitation concerning the “051d be brag?" Elnaner', , , transatlantic mails, Galway is pressing l ' Use c lps 'f 903311719 for blndmg her claims as oll'eriiig the best, the safest, Dell/1y laid Stone,” L"gather! and remember the cheapest, and the quiskest route to the that road sweepings, horse droppings, sods new world. , d ‘ . or grassan other rubbish when used for The au‘horibies of Scotland Yard say this ur use will ruin the best road over . p p there is no truth in the statement regard- t ct d. . . 00"" r“ 6 ing the visit to England of a well-known 13. Remember that water-worn or _ , . . . rounded stones should never be used upon IF‘Sh'Amencfm .excrfmmb’ Wuh the new 0f ing Fenianism in England. together. 0n \Vednesday in Chester, With full 14. Never allow dust or mud to lie on choral BeFViCG, Prince Adolphus of Teck the surface of the roads, for either of these was married to Ladv Margaret. the third will double the cost of maintenance, daughter of the Duke of Westminster. 15. Recollect that dust becomes mud at The attendance W88 very fashionable, the first shower, and that mud forms a wet, the dresses elegant, and the gifts magnifi- blanket which will keep a road in a filthy cent. condition for weeks at a time. instead of allowing it to dry in a few hours. 16. Remember that the middle of the b road should always be a. little higher than the sides, so that the rain may run into the side gutters at once. 17. Never allow the water-tables, gut- UNITED STATES. A heavy snowstorm has crippled railway usiness at Carson, NeVada. The new United States cruiser Minnea- polis has been placed in commission. Adjutant-General Jesiuh Porter died in New York on Friday night, of apoplexy. Lewis T. Ives, a well-known lawyer and artist, of Detroit, died on Friday. Daniel M. RolleEDSOD, a Wife murderer, was hanged at New Bedford, Mass., on Friday. The Boston city elections on Tuesday Yen resulted in an overwhelming Republican f victory. The charges of cruelty against the officials of the Elmira, N.Y., reiornialory have been While all of the above rules are impor- tant and embrace the principles of good road adminstruticii iii a small space,cspecial as upon the observance of these tivo rules of all Macadam and Tclford roads. how frequently do we see these best 0 reads "innit: olleusivo by the neglectof these In too many instances Eugene V. Debs, the leader of the gran A. R. U. strike at Chicago, ha been conâ€" tenced to six months’ imprisonment. A Washington despatch to a Buffalo pa- per says President Clevoland is a very sick man. Gout is said to be the malady. The Commercial Bank at St. Joseph,Mo., has gone into the hands of an assignee. Assets, $320,000 ; liabilities. $270,000. President Cleveland has issued an order placing the entire internal revenue service under the provisions of the civil service law. Deveaux College at Niagara Falls is said to have been closed owing to an outbreak of typhoid fever in the institution,and over 100 students sent home. A lone highwaymsn held up the stage eight miles from Fort Thomas, Arizona, on Friday night, and secured the mail pouch, supposed to contain a large sum of money. A number of printers who left Winnipeg recently on account of the introduction of machines have been srrrested in Grand Forks under the alien labour law. F. S. Fogle, a fireman on the Pennsyl- vania railroad, was blown from his engine near New Florence by the gals which rag- ed Wednesday night, and was killed by the fall. John Garvey, the tramp who entered the Astor mansion on Fifth avenue and took a sleep in one of the beds there, has been sentenced to one year’s imprisonment in the penitentiary. Fifty-two indictments against ex-county officials and members of the Board of Sup- ervisors have been returned by the grand jury of Sioux City, Iowa. The county has been robbed of $200,000. David G. Spragg, an insane man, living near Ridgeway. M0,, on Tuesday evening killed his wife and two children, fatally wounded his two step children, and then committed suicide. The clay sewer pipe companies of the United States have combined, with head- quarters at Pittsburg. They will act in harmony With the Akron, Ohio, trust, and it is said prices will be advanced. By a collision of cable cars in the Wash- ington street tunnel, Chicago, on V’Vednes- day evening, one man was killed, seven people seriously injured and others bruised. The cars took fire and there was a general panic. Before the Lexow Committee in New York on Friday Police Captain Creedon made a confession, implicating a number of the higher police officials. His story caused an immense sensation, and the investi- gators warmly congratulated him upon his straightforward stand. In the United States House of Represen- tatives on Thursday Mr. Dingley asked for information as to the working of the Behring Sea regulations for the protection of sea] life. He believed that the three hundred thousand dollars of expense an- nually incurred by the United States bene- fits Canadian sealers alone. GENERAL late statistics show 148,669 more fe- males than males in Sweden. Prince Hohenlohe, the new German Chancellor, is ill and confined to bed, from acold. ' A conflict has arisen between Brazil, the Argentine Republic and Uruguay on the subject of quarantine. Father Donza, director of the Vatican observatory, died on Friday of apoplexy, after an audience with the Pope. Unusually severe and repeated earth‘ quake shocks have been experienced in Rangoon, British Burmah. Berlin and Vienna, which are four hun- dred and thirty miles apart, are now con- nected by telephone. I A report that Field Marshal Yamagata, commander of the first Japanese army, was dead, is officially declared to be untrue. The Bourse Gazette, of St. Petersburg, says that the new Russian loan of 15,000,- 000 roubles has been subscribed for 40 times over. In Prague there lives a Jewcss named Sali Rudolf who has attained her one hundred and fifth year. She is in humble circumstances. It is reported that the Pope is suffering from catarrhal symptoms, and that he has been forbidden by his physicians to leave his private apartments. The King of Italy has conferred the knighthood of the crown of Italy on several members of the Italian colony at Salonica. Six of the new knights are Jews. The budget for 1395-06 was presented to the Italian Chamber of Deputies on Thursday by Signor Sonnino, Minister of Finance. It shows a deficit of seventy million lire. It is expected that the German Socialist Deputies who remained seated in the Reichstsg when cheers for the Emperor were called for will be prosecuted for less- majeste. The Dunkirk (France) Chamber of Commerce, in response to an appeal from Montreal, has decided to do everything possible to establish a direct steamship line between France and Canada. A British resident in Pekin says the feel ing against foreigners is increasing in bitterness, and he feels convinced that when the Japanese come within sight of the capital every foreigner will he mas- acred. The Pope is said to be anxious to bring about a. union of the Western Churches, and he intends drawing together at the Vatican 3. number of Catholic prelafes of England and America, :in order to confer with them as to the best means of realizing his hopes. The Court of Enquiry held at Aucklsnd, New Zeal-and, has found that the steamer \\ airarapa, which was wrecked on Great Bu'rier island in O:tober, with the loss of more than eighty lives, was lost through the fault of Captain McIntosh, Who was among the drowned. In an interview on Friday in London, Mr. \V B. Perceval, the Agent-General of New Zeulniid, said that New Zenlzind is most anxious for direct steamer and cable coiniiiuiiicutiou with Canada, and if the Imâ€" perial Government does her share New Zealund will not be backward. Mr. \Valter Pearce, the Agent-General of Natal, said he thought there were many obstacles in the way of carrying out the Earl of Jer- seys proposals Tit=Bits. Perserverance. She (severely)-â€"How many more times are you going to ask me to marry you? Ho (calinly)â€"â€"How many more times are you going to refuse me ? Safe Enough. Grocerâ€"Well, my little boy, what will you have T “ Fifteen cents‘ worth-of molasses.” Grocerâ€"(as he hands the pitcher over the counter)â€"Whore is your money? “ In the pitcher. I put it there so u to be sure not to lose it.” A Description. Judgeâ€"“Please describe the man you saw talking to the prisoner." Witnessâ€"" I don’t know how to do it, yer honor.” “ Can’t describe him ? Did he look like any of these lawyers! Did he look like me 2” ” No. yer honor, he looked like an intelligent gentleman." Just Like a. Bird. Gusherâ€"“ There’s my daughter What a creature she is 1 Just liko Mrs. Edith. a bird.” Uncle Georgeâ€"” Like a bird? Yes; always saying the same things over and over from morning till night.” Temptations Removed. ” Your husband has given up swoar‘ ing 1’" “ Yes.” “Do you think he will adhere to his resolution 1" “ Oh, yes. I’ve made it possible for him- to do away with collar buttons by sewing buttons on his shirts." Combined. Although the pretty girl be poor, Why she is not to blame : But the pretty girl who’s rich is one Who gets there just the same. An Obsaction. “Gentlemen,” said the conductor, "before leaving this station there is likely to be a delay of several hours.” “What’s the matter ?” cried the passen- gers in chorus. “Nothing that the company can help," replied the conductor, “but a piece of steak from the restaurant is lodged in the track just ahead of the engine.” The Old Man’s Grief. Miss Scraper (amateur violinist.)â€"“Did you notice that old man crying while I was playing my sonata ‘2” Friendâ€"“Yes, and I spoke to him. He said your playing reminded him of the old days when be we happy.” “Was he a violinist 2” “No, he was a piano~tnner." Ought to Sympathize. Jinksâ€"“Why are you forever bothering me about that bill I owe you 2” blinksâ€"“1 need the money." Jinksâ€"“Then you ought to be able to . sympathize with me. I need the money too.” Reputation Saved. Dealerâ€"“Where are you going now ?" Driverâ€"“To take this barrel of apples, around to Mr. Bickrow’s.” “Good Lands ! You’ll ruin me. barrel hasn’t- been opened.” “Do you want it opened, sir ?” “Of course, you dunce. If we leave him to do it himself, he may open it at the wrong end.” That In No Danger. Mr. Nicefelloâ€"“Dr. Knowitt says that kissing conveys microbes.” Sweet Girlâ€"“Iâ€"l have some carbolic' acid up stairs." Not NeWS. Jimson (proudlyiâ€"“I never deceive m wifeâ€"no, sir; I tell her evorything.” Bilsonâ€"“Yes. I knew that long ago.” “W haâ€"how ?” “She tells it all to my wife and my wife tells it to me.” Both at Work. Mrs. Strongmiudâ€"J‘ Here I’m working night and day for the advancement of woman, but I’d like to know what use you are in the World.” Mr. S.-â€"-“ I am working for the eman- cipation of man.” “ Eh ?"How ?” “ I am trying to make cotton cheaper.” “ The idea. 1 \tht for ?" “ So that even the poorest man can afford enough to stop his ears with.” She Told Him. DeBoreâ€"” Is Miss Lilliwhite in ?” Ti‘uthful Domesticâ€"“ She’s out.” DeBoreâ€"“ Hum ! \Vhom is she with ‘2” Truthful Domesticâ€"“Out with you.” out A Professional. Trampâ€"“ No’m, I am not a wood-sawer, mum. I draw. Gimme a square meal and I’ll show you.” Housekeeperâ€"“ Well, it's worth it to see a man like you do anything at all.” Tramp (after the ineal)â€"-“ Thankes, mum. Now I'll go and lie down in the sun." “ But you promised t u draw.” “ Yes’m. I draw flies.” Why a Bull Hates Red. The reason Why red infuriates members of the ox family is because red is the complementary color of green, and the eyes of cattle being long fixed on herbage while feeding, when they espy anything red it impresses their sight With greatly increased intensity. An English vicar has improved upon the parish mothers’ Inf‘Pl;'/£’S by ameeting of “lady motlw -" l