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WE WILL SEE CANADIANS PROPOSE TO CAPTURE -‘ THE NORTH POLE. Willis Chlpmnn's Phlnâ€"(‘nmfnl study 0" the Failure; of (Illa-rs ('onvlncen Iilln 'l'lmt Ihe Norm Woods .snrvoyorfi Are the “on to Overcome All Obsinch‘s. Much interest was excited by an article in a recent issue of the Popular Science Monthly upon “Arctic Exploration,” in Which Stuart Jenkins gave reasons for his belief that the men above others best abie to win the North Pole were Canadian sur- veyors. Investigation reveals that the conception of the idea belongs to Willis Chipman, a. civil and sanitary engineer, of Toronto, and who at the last meeting of the Ontario Land Surveyors brought the scheme under the association's notice. \VILLIS CHIPMAH. “As far as the use of sledges is concerned he is right," said he, “for to my mind the lesson taught by the hosts of Polsr expe~ diticns since 300 years ago when the region first engrossed geographers, is that no great open seaâ€"which Parry thought he discerned â€"really exists. The contingency of meet- ing open water around the Pole must not, in these latter years, be considered, and our surveyors need not; figure upon portag- ing a. vessel piecemeal, as in the premises suggested by Mr. Jenkins. “What I gathered from careful study,” Mr. Chipman continued, “is that an un- broken tract of ice will be found clear to the Pole, if the season be favorable. Crevices will occur, filled sometimes wiih water, pools may be met with, but my contention is that it will be melted ice water and not that of the deep sea. The ice- pack possibly cracks occasionally in the Summer. but quickly is frozen again. For some hundred miles north of Canada’s north shore the ice is very rough; but I believe the farther the northing after that the less hummocky, and for the reason that the ice floe only melts or cracks near the shores: not toward the Poleâ€"the centre of the paleocrystic sea. That is Why I pin my faith on sledges. The means of progres- sion that enabled Markham in ’76 to attain the latitude of 83 degree: 20 minutes, that brought Lockwood and lirainard in ’82 to within 500 miles of the Poleâ€"the ‘fsrthest north’ of allâ€"is good enough for me, and therefore I cannot subscribe to the Peter- boro’canoes with which Mr. Jenkins would emburden his party. If, indeed, trial should prove the existence of water chan- nels too wide for sleds to bridge, much better results would accrue from the em- ployment of aluminum sledge-boats. - “'Nordenskjold’s opinion i3 that the best means is by wintering at Smith's Sound, or the Seven Islands, 03 Spilzbergen, and making either a starting point. Parry advised Spitzbergen. My reason for adopt- ing Smith’s Sound is' that I consider it better to go from theknown to the unknown. Better keep to the beaten track even though it be strewn with gnawed bones and d15- mantled wrecks. Profit by the experience of the gallant men who have already braved the terrqre of Buffin’e Bay. “Mr. Jenkins selects Upernivik, which but for an outpost fishing station 50 miles north, is the most northerly abode of civil- ized man in Greenland, for that matter, in the World. He aims at the right target, but falls short of the mark. Every year in succession, lately, vessels have reached Smith’s Soundâ€"generally managing to work throughâ€"but they reach it. Why should not the surveyors adopt the top- notch,of Summer navigation as s commence- ment point for their race to the Pole in the Spring following? The Alert wintered at the north side of the entrance to Robeson Channel in ’75-’76, just round the easterly corner of Grinnell Land’s most northerly point ; and the Discovery of the some ex- pedition wintered 1n Lady Franklin Bay, a. short distance south. The Greely expedi- tion spent two winters on Lady Franklin Bay at a later date. From the north point of Grinnell Land the long-sought end of the earth’s axis is distant less than 500 miles! Here our men of com- pass and chain must fix their head- qunrters, and to guard against famine, establish depots every 50 miles back to Cape York, which is on the north shore of Boifin’s Buy, in latitude 76 degrees. From here my idea simply is to ad- vance on the Pole, leaving depots every 50 miles, not 100, as Mr. Jenkins proposes, up which chain will be forwarded sup» plies sufficient to eliminate all possibility of famine. The homewerd route will be as safe and easy to retrack as a transit- line out out through an Algoma townâ€" ship, Along which caches have been made. The surveyors thus could count on success. “What would prevent it 1” queried Mr. Chipman. “ Parry With his cumbersome flotilla of boats and sleighs records that he traveled by far the better part of his dis- tance on ice three, often five times over, and even then his party lacked the aid of snow-shoes. More’s the marvel that they ever returned train thatâ€"date considerei â€"-mnst wonderfu Markham when l all r'oml' expedl'l'»l... on ct got, back from S3 de-‘yard IT FIRST. green 20 minutes stated his belief that no similar party would ever go farther, but. it) was scurvy that made his brave fellows retreat. An unwieldy sledge, large tracts of mountainous ice and drift snow caused Payer on his Becomi journey in 1874 to return after going 313 miles, but even then. going and coming, he only consumed a. of mountainous ice and drnt snow caused Payer on his second journey in 1874 to return after going 313 miles, but, even then. going and coming, he only consumed a. month. Lockwood and Brainard’s ‘farthesb noth’ was won Without snowshoe equip- ment, of which they sorely felt the need. With proper up-to-date appliances the Scheme for a successful Pole hunb by sledge is no romantic, impracticable, one. Peary’s lane trip on foot through ‘ Greenland’s icy mountains ’â€"his traverse oi the ice-cop-â€" proves what, may be accomplished. “Peary,” declared the speaker, “I regard as the ideal Arctic explorer; he's a. civil engineer as well and that’s the next best thing to a. Canadian surveyor. Toke his record, 1300 odomenric miles in ninety-six days, sometimes covering cwenmy and twenty-five with a maximum of thirty. His daily programme was breakfast, four to six hour’s marching, one half hour’s halt for pemmican and to rest; the dogs, a second and equal ‘trick’ at walking. and Lhen sup- per and bivouac. " It’s robbing Peary of no credit when I say that, men like the Tyrrells, who went r " It’s robbing Peary of no credit when I say that men like the Tyrrells, who went 2200 hazardous miles by ounce (850 of which were through absolutely newcountry devoid even of a. wood splinter for fuel), by snow- shoe 650 miles (throughout which they slept under the open sky. tentless, in s. 40 degree below zero temperature). and by (log-sled 350 ; men like ‘ Yukon' Ogilvie, who has traversed the Rock Mountains from end to end, and amid a. thousand hardships explored the country around and between Rivers Yukon and Mackenzie ; men like Geologist Low. who spent last Winter in Labrador, and was the first white man to pierce the interior, are the men, if any, scientifically educated, plucky, strong and inured to fatigue, to follow the line of collimation of their transits and smoke their pipes in camp right over the North Pole. This expedition would be no ‘ picnic ;’ the men chosen must be good men and true, incapable of ilinching at work, discomfort A Blmsiau or danger, nor liable to dismay smcng mountains of ice or illimilable snow areas crushed topsy-turvy. But it can be done by men ot nur professionâ€"the weakest, bodily, of whom thinks nothing of walking; thirty-five miles a day, whatever the temperature, for six months or a. year, as any topographer on a railway trial line has to do, for his work includes location and measurements of all houses, fences, streams, hill-tops. etc., 1500 feet each side of the centre line. Surveyors prosecute their calling amid hardships, and I believe that the hardships father north do not increase in proportion to the latitude. A‘Ruasian gentleman told me a. funny story of his first encounter with the English language. On the day after his arrival in London he made a. call on a friend in Park lane, and on leviving the premises wrote down in his note book what he supposed to be the exact eddrese. The next day, desir- ing to go to the same p‘zice again, he called acabman and pointed to the address that he had written down. The cabman looked him over, laushed. cracked his whip, and drove away without him. This experience beingI repeated with two or three other cabmen, the Russian turned indignantly to the police. with no better results. One officer would laugh, another would eye him suspiciously, another would tsp his head and make a motion imitating the reâ€" volution of a. wheel. “Peary on his first expedition took be- sides pemmican, beef extract, pen-soup, biscuit-s, tea,cofl'ee, sugar, flour, corn-meal, evaporaLed fruit and vegetables. Every- thing was pauked in Lina for fear of the dogs, and Wth small alteration his bill of fare would suffice for the surveyors. “The North Pole is in Canada, and as Lieutenant-Governor Shultz, of Manitoba, reminds us, in the Dominion still live sur- keep alive the old' traditions of dlSCOVery. Who then but Cmadinus have the first. right to locate it?” “Stndious care must be taken in the equipment. Sleighs, like Peniy's, broad in the runners, which must be shod with iron to increase the tractive reszstance,with standards holding light but strong crass- bors; both skis (Norwegian snow-skates) and snow-shoes of best make, and material, to mend them; Sells for the sledges, which can be utilized to roof the camp tents,sa.vor of luxury where lightness of ‘dunnage’ is everything: muzziee fur the dogs, as they are aceuatomed to much raw meat and hun- ger continually for the nutriment inherent in snow-shoes and koaeacks; and the host of Lrifles, like vaseliue for snow-burn, and wind-burn that experience has taught the Arctic tourist to include in his ‘pacL.’ “Pemmicanâ€"s. good substitute of the ‘extinct’ buffalo article, is stlll made from the dried and powdered meat of the Barren Land reindeer, mixed With that animal's tallowâ€"is the proper staple for both men and dogs; it keeps longer and is more nutritious for its weight than any other known. “The North Pole is in Canada, and as Lieutenant-Governor Shultz, of Manitoba, reminds us, in the Dominion still live sur- vivors of the boat’s crews of Franklin, Dease, Richardson, Simpson and Black to Finally the poor foreigner gave it up,and, with a great deal of difficulty recalling the landmarks which he had observed the day before, found his way to his friend’s house. Once there and in company with one Whu could understand him, he delivered him- self of a hot condemnation of the cnbmen and police of London for their iinpertinence and discourtesy. His friend asked for a loan at the mirthprovoking address, and the mystery was solved. This was the entry : The Russian had with great care copied character for character the legend on the gate post, supposing that; in was the number of the house Mid the name of the street. Tommy Suburbâ€"“I wonder why these new Queen Anne houses has from; and back porches just alike '3” Zohlw Bx‘oadmendowâ€"”[ guess that’s to l the chickens, the from lawn VlsitoI-‘s 1 counter Whh the English language. Managing Hens 546 mRING THE BELL HIS MISTAKE adowâ€"“I guess that's to an’ make’em think they’re when they’re in the Back Milking. There are so many and important dev tails in connection with dairy management which must; not be neglected oroverlooked that it would be a hopeless task to endea- vor to pick out; just; what process is most important. We believe there is a. general tendency among dairymen toward neglecb and carelessness in the matter of milking. Lack of systematic methods in milking may came an otherwise profitable dairy to become unprofitable. A neglect in not insisting upon cleanli- nessis sure to be followedby badly-flavored butter, which must. sell in the general market at a low figure, or if sold direct to private customers will cause dissatis- faction, and if more cleanly habits are not speedily resort/ed to we should expect. they would lose their best customers. One of the first. requisites, therefore, of a good milker is to keep the milk abmlute- ly clean. We will presuppose the milk pail. which, by the way, should never be of wood, is perfectly clean. The milkera’ hands must. be thoroughly washed and dried. Never milk' or allow any one else to, With wet hands. If proper precaution has been exercised, the cow’s udder and sides can be freed of dirt, by carefully brushing. Unless in exceptional cases, never Wash a. cow’s udder. There is a very general feeling that it is advisable not to feed the cows until after the milking is completed; especially is this urged where ensilage forms a. part of the ration. The ensilage imparts a m 031: disagreeable flavor to the butter if the milk is subjected to its odor for any length of time. We have noticed when cows are fed at the! ime ofmilking that they quite often are very uneasy to got the last particle of food. especially if it is in the far corner of the manger,and in so doing neCessarily stir up the dust. If cows have been accustomed to being fed before being milked they will be some- what troublesome until they get accustomed to the new order of things. Some men have made the mistake of cleaning the stable before milking. This is a. had prac- tice. A better way is to leave the stable till after all milking is done and the milk Laken from the stable. The next requisite of a good milker is to secure the largest quantity of milk possible. To do this sevaral points must be observed. It is not necessary, in fact. it is not prac- tical, to milk oftener than twice a day. but the periods between milking should be as nearly equal as convenient. Care should be taken that. the milking is done at the same hours each day. The milker must, be quiet: and gentle with the cows and see to in that, there is nofhing to disturb or annoy them, not, only at milking Lime, but all the time. Rapid milkers as a. rule are to be perferred. Repeated experiments have proven that much more milk can be drawn from cows for a. given length of time by rapid than by slow milking. When the cow’s udder is very full one should begin milking rather slowly so as not. to injure the udder. The Seeding of Clover. It is when the snow is on the ground that some farmers seed clover on wheat land, but it is doubtful if seeding too early is of any advantage. It is true that broad- casting the seed ovor the surface covers every portion, and the reins carry it into the soil, but there are periods in the early spring when the ground is as hard as a rock, and if the seed is not washed away it will be clustered in spots, leaving others bare, as it is witnessed every season. It is not the case that all farmers venture to seed down their clover until the season is warmer, but the rule is to sow as soon as it can be done. The proper method is to hnr- row the wheat with a. smoothing harrow, sow the clover seed and barrow the field Where a. man employs anumber of milk- era in is profitable to have the milk drawn from each cow carefully weighed and re- corded at; each milking This not only en- ables one to know who is illing good. faith- ful work, but it. forms 3 basis on which one may judge of the general health and condi- tion of the cows and their probable care. thile this may be somewha' ofa. guide. we must undersband that for butter-making the Bnbcock test must also be used in de- terlni1.iug the righb of any cow to a place in our herds. After the milk is drawn from the cow it, should be removed from the stable as soon as possible, where it, is to be set or separated, as it is apt to absorb foul od- again, which does not injure the wheat but enables the seed to be better covered and secure lodgment. Plenty of seed is import- aun, as the birds destroy a. portion ; some of the seeo may be W0rthless,a.nd a portion is also destroyed should a warm spell of weather be followed by severe cold. These causes have prevented good stands of clov- er, although the failure of the seed was at- tributed to something else. Clover is a. nitrogen gatherer. That is,it procures the greater proportion of its nitrogen from the tull nitrogen of the ntmoaphere, and by its roots, which take up nitrogen as ammonia. and nitric acid, when the rains bring these substaHCes down from the air and carry it into the soil. Any nitrogenous fertilizer is therefore of but little value tor clover, but the crop is greatly benefited by potash and lime. Land plaster (sulphate of lime). which is sparingly soluble in water, gives excellent results on some soils, butland that hasbeen heavily lined with air- sluked lime in the fall should be in excellent condition for clover. provided it is not de- ficient in potash. An application of 100 pounds of sulphate of potash will often prove sufficient to induce a. large yield, but wood ashes, which contain both lime and potash, can not be excelled for clover. - Leaving the value of clover as a hay crop aside, it is one of the best crops known for restoring the fertility of the soil. Its roots, which contain nitrogen largely, restore that substance to the soil, and it is a practice with many to cut. the first growth for hay AGRICULTURAL and plow under the second growth, followed by an application of lime. If this is done the only forms of fertilizers required by the farmer will be potash and phosphates, which will keep the soil well supplied with plant food in fair proportions for nearly all other crops. Red clover is a biennial. but the new crimson clover. which is an l annual, may be sown in the fall 3nd plowed under in the spring, being well adapted on soils that will not produce red clover; but l where red clover can be grown it should ibe given the preference. as it can not be 'surpassed in the many advantages which it possesses by any other crop grown upon the arm. So mneh wheat and other small grain is now being fed to stock that the matter of grinding the grain ration has become an important matter. Farm animals were naturally herbivorous, and their teeth and I digestive apparatus is better adapted to coarse forage than to concentrated grain tionsrn. The experience of mankind has found it best to grind all grain for human food, and in practice it is found that stock gets more good from ground than from whole grain. If properly managed the ex~ tra. profit will more than repay the cost of grinding. If advantage is to be taken of the gain in feeding value from mixed ra- tione, it: is almost necessary to grind the grains before mixing, especially when bran. middlings. cottonseed meal and flaxseed cake are used. The farmer who wishes to feed ground grain will generally find it the best plan to buy a mill and do his own grinding at home. thus saving the expense of hauling, and providing profitable work for himself and teams. For fattening hogs and cattle it will be found best to mix corn meal with the ground wheat, and for growing pigs, calves, and colts, corn meal is fur better than whole corn, so it will be expedient to buy a. horse power mill, which will not only grind small grains, but will also chop corn, and crush corn and cob together without the trouble of shelling. Each kind of grain should be ground separately and afterwards mixed in the proper proportions, as each kind of grain is so different that it will not otherwise be properly crushed or rolled. Finely cut hay or shredded cornfodder may be added to the ground feed ration if desired. In order to avoid waste, good clean troughs must be used in feeding ground feed, whether fed wet or dry. 1n windy weather it will be best to dampen the meal or chop even to soaking it, while for growing animals it may in many cases becooked to advantage. The higher the price of grain and live stock, the more profit there will be in grinding, soaking or cooking grain food. Employcs In Champagne Cellars do Not [Ave Long. The temperature ni' these gloomy corâ€"- ridors cut- in the native rock varies from about 46 degrees Fahrenheit. In winter the men enjoy It for its mildness, but in summer it seems far from ge nial. The ex- cessive dampness, too, must be prejudicial in many cases. If you touch the heavy canvass screens which divide the galleries, you feel that you could squeeze quarts of water from them, and the walls, of course, reek with moisture. Yet there is really not a degree too much cold nor one drop too much of humiiity in the cellars. All this is necessary to tame the high spirits of the champagne wine. The loss by burst: ing bottles is enormous, even under these conditions of discomfort for mortals and restraint for wine. There is electric light in the cellars, but its lustre seems much abated by the prevalent gluom and ap- pressive humidity. The men work among the bottles 30 yards away, but are dimly visible. And what tedious, uninspiring work it is ? Imagine. for instance, a person spending 10 hours of continuous boil in lifting bottles from their racks, giving them a. turn or two and replacing them ;t.his, too, in absolute solitude, in a slip of a gallery deviating from a main corridor, and curtained on. from sound of his comrades' voices in the distance by the wet sackcloth at the open- ing. No doubt, with men of conscience and concentration, this loneliness serves well enough in the interests of the firm. A deft workman will, in is said, burn from 95,000 to 30,000 baubles daily. This is his work tiny after day. It is one of the various processes which give us a wine clear as crystal, from which 31 most every particle of sediment has been coexed and expelled. But it. does not suit all men. So he cannot stand Lhis dismal monotony, which really seems almost on a. par with certain of the experiences of a Siberian exile. Li.e in the champagne cellars does not tend to length of days. After a spell of years in such employment the man seems to have become unfitted for continuous existence above the ground and in a dryer air. While he is daiiy in the damp atmosphere of 45 or ~16 degrees, and supported by a. daily magnum or two of good red wine, he has not much to complain about. Butnfterward he is apt to {all to pieces. Forty-five is reckoned he a. good age for him to attain. “These eggs.” responded theiat boarder, whose occupation was that of advertising clerk in a newspaper office. “are too late to classify.” “What do you think of these eggs whigaered the ISM) bangers. ~ Jackâ€"“Miserly has been studying it up and he says the sense of touch is dullest. on the back.” WDickâ€""Touch him for $10 and see if you don’t strike a. duller point tham that.” Twynnâ€"“People who are always preach- ing economy seem to think that, the way to get rich is to make dollars go farther.” Triplettâ€""Isu’t that the right way ?” Twyunâ€"“Nob at all. The secret of wealth is to make them come faster.” Grinding Feed for Stock. Must Take Their Chances. The Secret of Wealth. DEADLY WORK. The Dullest Spot. 01d and New World Events 0! Interest Chronicled Brieflyâ€"Intercitlnz flap- penlngs of Recent. Due. Another splendid diamond, weighing 230 karats.has been unearthed at theJLgerofon- tein mine, South Africa. ROUND THE WHOLE WURLD WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE FOUR CORNERS OF THE GLOBE. GemGourko was made a field marahnl by the Czu‘, upon his retirement from the post of Governor-General of Warsaw. In Finland the Salvation Army ha! now 140 oficers and 5,000 recruits. The Russian authorities no longer oppose its work. In order to cope with New Zealand and Australian competition, Irish farmers are being urged to make butter all the year round. An annual international music trade ex- hibition is being organized in London. It will begin at. the Agricultural 11311 next summer. A concrete bridge having a clear span of 64 feet, and 26 feet wide was recently con- structed over the Danube at Munderkingen. in Austria. The Royal University of Ireland has not only admitted women to all the privileges of the institution, but a lady football team has been organized there. Queen Victoria. knows what it is to em. juicy American apples. Every yearaiob of the choicest nicked fruit is sent to her from Albemarle County, Virginia. ' The Quorn hounds in England recently followed the fox for twenty-seven miles, in two hours and seventeen minutes, before is was killed. Probably the most extraordinary jourm in the world is published weekly at Athens. It is written entirely in verses, even to the advertisements. Mr. Barry McCalmonb. the owner of Isiuglasa and of the new steam yatch Giralda, has been made president of the Sports Club in place of the late Sir John Ashley. A mnuument of Father Damien, the lep- era’ friend,was unveiled recently in Louvam amid the great rejoicing of the people. Constantin Meunier was the sculptor. Archdeacon Farrar has been appointed one of the Qu een’siprivate chaplains in place of thelate Canon Prothero. The official title is DepuLy Clerk of the Closet-in-Ordinary to Her Majesty. Passenger rates have been largely reduced. on the state railway of Russia. By third- claas a person can travel 5,000 miles for $12.50. and a fourth-class has been establish- ed for the benefit. of those who are too poor to travel . Religious persecution still obtains in Russia desyite the humane sentiments of the new Car. The Govern ment has issued a. circular prohibiting Standish prayer meetings and declarmg the aect “dangerous to church and state.” Mrs. Mary Clement, Leavitmn her travels around the world,fouud in Chinaa Heavem ly Foot Society, the members of which are young men pledged not. to marry women whose feet. are smaller than natural expan- sion would produce. The London Scuiety for the Abolition of Compulsory Vaccination has urged “ all anti-vaccinists and all lovers of liberty to use their utmost exertions at the election ofguardiaus to procure the return of candi- dates favorable to their movement." A French Government oflicial lately sent in a. bill or 14,000 francs for cab fares in a. single year. The bill was disallowed and the official dismissed from the service at. once, and will be prosecuted in the courts. \Vith regard to the proposed revival 01 Olympian gamesfio be held every four years in one or other of the European countries, it, has been decided that, the first. series shall take place in the ancient arena. at Athens in 1896. in 1779. For over fifty years he followed the occupation of a travelling ahoamaker, and in the course of his peregrinations wandered over the greater part of Europe. Expulsion of Jews from territory nears! the frontier than fifty versts has been stopped by order of the Russian Minister of the Interior. and an imperial ukase is expected to abolish the law prohibiting Jews from settling within the zone indi- cated. John Esrle. a Scotchman, is the oldest person in tfihe British-Islesmaving been born In opening a public library the other day the Lord Chancellor of England said that, nltfinough 75 per cent. might read fiction. in was worth while establishing the institution for 25 per cent. of thoughtful readera,while the moderate reader of fiction was by no means an evil. Frederick York Powell, who has been appointed to the Regius professorship of modern history at, Oxford, England, made vacant by the death of Mr. Froude, in a law lecturer at; Christ Church, a historical lecturer at, Trinity, and the author at several works of English history. Personally conducted archaeological a: cursions are the latest innovation. Prof. Dorpfeld, of the German School at Athens: is to lead one to Egina. next. May, Dhence t4. the excavanions in Abbica, to the island of Delos, to Asses, to view he work of the American explorers, and then by Way of Ilion back to Athens. The royal baron of beef for Queen Via- toria’s Christmas dinner party at Osborne was cut from a fine West Highland bullock bred and fe‘l at Windsor Park. The baron was roasted at the great kitchen fire in the castle and when cold was sent to Osborne. where, with the hoar’a head and game pie, it adorned the royal sideboard. Dr. Bertillon, the inventor of the meas- urement of criminals, is evidently deter mined to let; no man escape, for he has now discovered a new process by which hand- writing may be identified. It. is based ou the menauremenh beating of the pulse, which are said to have in everybody a different characteristic effect. on handwrit- mg. Abbe Theme, of Loigny, has been given the chief prize of $2,500 by the French Academy for his bravery. The nbba on Dec. 2. 1870, under a. heavy fire, saved more than 500 wounded, French and Ger- man, who, in the confualon of snight, would otherwise have been massacred. 0n the following day he attended more than 1,000 wounded in his parsonage and church.