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REV DAVID HERRON HAS LIVED AMONG THEM FORTY YEARS. The llonora or the Diseaseâ€"How the Poor Creatures Arc cared for B! c“”’“““ P'Opleâ€"“gll‘ Mode of Livingâ€"TV" Forms 0! the Diseaseâ€"No Fear Of (7011' irnctlnz Leprosy. Here is a record of work done among the lepers of India from the modest lips of one who has given forty years Of his life to these pariahs, thrust out 01' home by their friends. thrust out Of the district by the municipalityn “9" elected by the state. The Rev. David Herron has gone in and out amongSt those from whom the meanest creature in India would shrink with unspeak‘ able abhorrence. HAS TOUCHED THEIR \VOUNDS. has cheered them in their agony. has preached the gospel to them, has seen the joy in their poor wasted faces. as they realized the preciousness of divine love. Mr. Herron went out to India over forty years ago as a. missionary from the American Presbyterian Board of Missions. His first station was Deli- Tad)’. in the north-west. His buSiâ€" DESS Was general mission work, but he saw numbers of lepers. who had been thrust out, for whom no provision had been made, and he set about doing something for them. With the help of a number of civilians and military at the place, an asylum was built, and in this about fifty lepers were cared for. This may be said to have been the beginning of the work, for previous to this neither the central nor the local governments of India did anything for these creatures, who were turned .out on the streets, by the wayside. Who were found begging in all stages of decay, and who were a menace to society. For many years Mr. Herron labored here, doing general mission work, but looking after the leper asylum, minister~ ing to the inmates, preaching to them every Sabbath, procuring medical at» tendance, seeing them decently buried. His second station was Rawil‘Pinde, where a similar work was inauguratEd and successfully carried on. About twentyâ€"two years ago there was founded iii] the city of Dublin a society called . e “ BIISSION T0 LEPERS.” [t was wholly undenominational. It ap- pealed to all classes. It did not send out- missionaries, but with the money it. received, it arranged with the mis- sionaries of all the other societies on the spot, to establish and maintain asyâ€" lums for the lepers in all the districts in which these were to be found. Briefly, then, there are at the present moment in India, as the result of the work of this society, forty-one asylums. 'with about four thousand lepers. " The work of the society," said Mr. Herron, who is at present in Montreal for the purpose of establishing an auxâ€" iliary to the parent society. “ is two- foldâ€"humanitarian and religious. 'It cares in the first place for the bodies of the lepers. and it preaches the simple gospel of Christ to them. The lepers are FOUND AMONG ALL CLASSES. They make the most pathetic sight that eye could witness. And yet nothing was done for them until we took up the work." "Is it not extraordinary that the British Government, for reasons of health, would not have insist-ed upon segregation ? " " Well, nothing was done, and then. you know, an opinion prevailed, backed by the medical faculty, too, that leprOsy was neither hereditary nor contagious." " How do you account for four thousand lepers to-day if the disease is neither?" " Yes, you might well ask that quesâ€" tion. I do not believe it is hereditary, but I am convinced that it is conta- giousâ€"not greatly so, however. I am strengthened in this opinion by the 'udgment of Dr. Chill, of London, who as devoted years of study to the sub- ject, upon which he has written volâ€" uminously. I consider him the first living authority. He considers the dis- ease mildly contagious. He says that where there is much contact with le- PYOSY. THERE THE DISEASE INCREASS; where there is but little, it diminishes. He believes that the disease from which Job suffered was leprosy. The bacillus. you-know, has been discovered to be confined exclusively to the human sys- tem. It is found nowhere else, so that the disease cannot be communicated to the system by food or water. One prolific source of the propagation of the disease was, before the establishment of our asylums. the habit of the chil- dren livmg with their diseased parents. Children are liable to accidents. to wounds. .and cuts upon the skin. With their skin abraded, they would caress their parents or be caressed. From the wounds of the latter there would be exuding matters, and these inocu- lating the abraded skin. the disease would spread. Our ion has been to take the untainted children from their parents." j‘Do you separate the husbands and Wives?" “ No, I have always been opposed to that. There is little, if any, danger in permitting them to live together, for a marked symptom of the disease is sterâ€" i i y.” This. then. is how the lepers live :â€" They come voluntarily to the asylum of the district in which they have lived, glad of its shelter. For, since the in- augurat ion of these establishments. the munitipalities have been shamed into giving some local relief. But this is doled out \VITH SUCH INDIFFERENCE to their sufferings that the poor creaâ€" tures, hardened into an inflexible stoic- ism by the callousness of those in au- thority, come to the asylum with thank- fulness. They know iliey will receive a warm welcome. Each man. or each pair, have two or three simple cooking utensilsâ€"a large pot in which they boil their food, and out. of which they drink. and a pan upon which they make something like pancakes. They TEUGRLEPRS [ll' INDIA build a little fireplace out of clay, which soon burdens, and superimpose three little cxcresccnces upon which the pol rests. Then, with twigs, they make their fire, cook their food. They make their own mattresses out of native fir ‘ and the asylum provides one ct. Arid their daily life?" "Is like this. They do their hit of conking; i'hcy smokc their pipes. for all the men smoke; tlicy idle about; they (some of them) learn our hymns; and they sleep. You understand that. we do iioi provide the food, but give the money for that purpose. You can get every- thing you need in India brought to your door. The peddler or liuckstcr comes round, and from him the lcpers BUY THEIR SUPPLIES. They are shrewd and make better bar- gains than we could." " Have you never felt any personal alarm at all. in going in and out amongst them?" _ "Oh. no. As long as their skin is whole and wholesome there is no fear. I have touched their wounds; taken them by the hand; gone amongst them all these years. I have seen the doc- tor's bands covered with the pus from the wounds he would lance for them. To see the thanks in eyes half eaten away with the diseaseâ€"oh, that was recompense.” " How long. then, does it take the disease to prove fatal?" . " Sometimes ten. sometimes thirty years. It is a gradual wasting away. The fingers, the toes. the nosehthe eyes, begin to waste away. Sometimes the disease seems to be at a standstill. I remember one case in which this seemed to be the case. It was said of this patient. that he should not be on the asylum's books. that he could still work, etc. One day I saw him sitting on the verandah with the soles of his feet exposed. I noticed a gaping crack in the sole of one of his feet, and I said he will work no more. There are TWO FORMS OF THE DISEASE, the anesthetic, and the tubercular. In the former there is such deriili in the parts, that you could put a red hot iron on the hand, and there would be no feeling. In the latter the symp- toms are great lumps on the forehead, and this has created the colloquialism of ‘ the lion's disease.’ At times there is no suffering; at others, the agony is extreme. The wounds fill with pus. and the doctor comes and gives relief. Of course it is only temporary. The disease grows; eats its way; some- times slowly, sometimes rapidly, but al- ways surely." .So the poor creatures make their bits of food, smoke their pipes; chaffer With the pedlers; idle away in the house; sleepâ€"and die at last. All classes of natives in India eat .‘ but it Should be thoroughly dried before with their fingers. The knife and fork are unknown. \Vhen, however, the fingers of the lepers drop away, when the HANDS DROP OFF AT THE \VRISTS "Then," says Mr. Herron, simply. "they have to be fed by others." " And the children of the lepers? " " Those who are untainted grow up whole. Ihave only known one instance in which the disease broke out in the case of children taken from their par- ents. I have known one case, of a European, who Was attacked. I examined the case closely, but I cannot». account for it to this day. The man said he had no contact with the lepers, yet unmistakably the disease fastened itself upon him." Mr. Herron is the honorary secretary for India of the Mission to Lepers. He is conducting a series of meetings in this country for the purpose of estab- lishing auxiliaries to the parent soci- ety. He makes no collections, but the idea is to have, when the branch is formed. a president and treasurer, to the latter of whom contributions can be given. This officer, generally a lady, will, in turn, forward the money to headquarters, which are now in Edin- burgh. From thence it will be sent out to the missionaries of each district in which the asylums are situated, and distributed to the needs of the work as these arise. CON G0 CANNIBALS. They Eat Human Flesh Just as We Eat Beer or llullon. Turning to very different matters, we have had a very interesting discussion at the British Association. says aLon- don letter. A certain captain Hinde has been giving his experiences in the mat- ter of cannibalismâ€"a grewsome subject which attracted a large audience. It is no new thing to be told that cannibal~ ism flourishes under very different con- ditions. There are those who say that every country has gone through it at some stage of its eXistence, but whether this be so or not it is certain that the practice has not always been confined to the savage state. Readers of Prescott will remember that the Mexicans, who had attained a very high degree of civilization before the Spanish Conquest, were wont to inâ€" dulge in it on great occasions. The war- rior who had come successfully out of a‘ fight with his enemy would invite a party of select friends to discuss the fallen foe. Whether this was so much a gastronomic treat as a practicalproof of his valor does not appear, but there is no reason to suppose that the guests wereotlierwise than pleased with this addition to their every-day bill of fare. Nowadays, however, (miinibalism is. so far as we know, only to be found among the ruder and cruder races. Captain Hinde‘s experiences have been in the basm of the Congo, and according to him human flesh is eaten there as a matter of course, just as we eat beef and mutton. ___..+â€"â€"â€"â€"- Canadian Live Stock. Trade. It does not appear that the Cana- dian live stock trade is likely to find a. serious competitor in Australia. On the latest live stock shipment from the Antipodcs to England there was a. loss of $20,000. which is attributed to four causes: The unsuitable nature of the stock, exceSSive freight and insur- ance, conditions of transit, and mor- tality at sea. Ten per cent. of the cattle died and 10 per cent. of the sheep. It is thought that if the voy- age can be reduced to forty days the business may be made more promisâ€" ing. ~.___._‘â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"- Another Kind. Twynn~D0 you call that girl on the bicycle a new woman? 'l‘riplettâ€"No, she’s a pneumatic wo- man. tOO, ‘ 'ly it'lli‘lling a button. light a score of 'un‘il almost tender. .gone out of date. Care of Lamps. Many of our city friends can by mercâ€" WWN~N\W\~ ‘ electric suns in their homes or by turn- ing a screw and applying a match. bring out the mellow, moonlike radi- ance of gas; but there are thousands of families who depend on the kerosene lamp for their nightly cheer and brightness, and when these lamps are properly cared for they will give a light not to be despised. A sputtering. flickâ€" ering flame, a smoked chimney, and a disagreeable odor are not necessary. and do not reflect any credit upon the houseâ€" keeper who has them in charge. \Ve have all read of the common way of toughening glass by heating it in Water. The easiest and best way of doing this is as follows: Place it in a tin pail (for protection) and immerse it entirely in your cook stove rescvmr, in the morning, when the water is cold. Let it remain throughout the entire day and the following night, during which it will slowly cool. Do llllS sometime when you are to have a fire in the stove all day. The reservoir should be full in the morning, so that it Will not need l‘t'plt‘nishing meantime. h“ en removed the next morning, it Will be found al- most proof against cracking from heat 01' cold. In cleaning. wash With asoft. mg or mop fastened to a stick. and water that has a little soap in 111:1:11’159 in clear, warm water. and dry. Witha soft rag that will leave no lintâ€"old calico is as good as anything. _ To insure a clear, mellow llghththe brass lamp burner should be kept bnght and clean, and this can best be done by immersing in coal Oil. If when the lamp is new, and you begin by keeping a tin can of kerosenc'handy and drop- ping the burner into it for a few min- utes while you wash the flueand. fill the lamp, afterward polishing it With_a soft woolen rag, you can always keep it bright. An old lack burner may be boiled in strong soapsuds, or soaked in coal oil for several days, afterward scouring with brick dust, washed and dried. It is almost impossible to get them as bright as a new burner, but. they will be greatly improved by this treatment. . ‘ ~ Keep the lamp filled With good Oil. and the shade. if it has one, brightly polished. The lamp should be emptied once a. week and washed With soapy water, containing a little soda or amâ€" monia. This is necessary to remove the sediment which collects at the bottom, it is refilled. Do not cut the wick.but turning it just above the tube, take a match and shave off the charred end, thus insuring an even flame. How to Prepare Trlpe- I will tell you how I saw it done more than :50 years ago in my father's house, writes an old housekeeper. My Sister did the work and I helped alittle. The' beef’s paunch is carefully emptied, turn- ed inside out and laid in a tub, and the opening sewed up with a large needle and linen thread. Then airâ€"slaked lime is thoroughly sprinkled all over it. special care being taken in sprinkâ€" ling the honeycomb part. I am not sure how long the tripe lay before it was tried with a broad-bladed knife to see if the lime had loosened the inner lining of the tripe, but I know my Sister .watched it and as soon as it scraped white and nice looking, it was scraped thoroughly, rinsed several times and set to soak over night in plenty of water with a handful of salt in it. I remem- ber seeing my sister add more lime sometimesâ€"perhaps the lime had been slaked too longâ€"and I am sure she was careful to cleanse it just as soon as it was loosened. It would “set."_Lf left too long. I think the next morning the stitches were cut and care was taken to see if any part had been neglected. and then the knife was used again. the tripe being cut in pieces of the _Size to suit. The soaking is kept up-lll'ltll one’s judgment tells one that it is properly onions and punch cleansed and ready for cooking. The process is not a pleasant one by any means, and the lime is hard on the hands, but something can be done to help by a pair of loose gloves. If this ‘is tried I wish the result might be re- ; ported. In the days of which I speak we made “rol-aâ€"chees" of the tripe and beef, but that is a custom which. has It is an appetizmg dish on a cold winter day. Possibilities of Onions. Baked Onion=.â€"â€"I’oil in salted water Lift out and lay salt and pepper to suit the pa ate and on each put a bit of butter. Bake in a hot oven 15 to 20 minutes. When tender and brown serve on a hot dish. Glazed Onionsâ€"Butter a saucepan and lay in some onions, as nearly of a size as possible. Pour in meat stock. gravy or water to nearly cover the onions. and two lumps of sugar. B011 briskly until the liquid is reduced one- half, then draw to the back of the stove and allow to simmer slowly until the gravy is quite thick. Add salt and pepper. Onion Tartâ€"Peel and slice the onions thinly. Line a dish with pastry. place a layer of onions in the bottom, sprinkle over pepper, salt, a little flour, then more onions. then salt and pepper. until the dish is full. Pour over some sweet cream or butter and milk and cover with pastry: bake until the on- ions are tender. This is a delicious acâ€" companiment to baked or boiled meat-s. Another method is to use alternate layâ€" ers of sliced onions and potatoes, both raw, season with salt, pepper, butter. and pour over a little milk or water and bake until done. No pastry is used in the latter recipe. Both should be served very hot. Onion Sauceâ€"This is with warmedâ€"over meats. Slice and fry three or four onions in a large spoonful of butter, stirring frequently so they “fill not burn. When nicely browned add a large spoonful of flour and a pint of gravy or stock. Simmer gently tor a few-moments, add salt and pepper and strain. If more flavoring Ls liked add a tablespoonful of mushâ€" room ketchup, a little pepper sauce or \Vorcestershire. Stuffed Onionsâ€"Peel medium-sized in a bakin pan; nice to serve out the hearts. Mince a little beef or mutton. parsley and bread crumbs. Beat with an egg. salt and pepper. Stuff the onions with this, and lay in a baking dish with a little gravy. Bake until the onions are tender and serve very hot. Baste the onions frequently to prevent burning. Onion Cream Soupâ€"Slice four on- ions very thin, try to a pale. brown colâ€" or in a iablespoonful of butter, add 3 tablespoons flour and 3 pints milk, a little salt and pepper, 1-2 teaspoonful sugar and a blade of mace. Cook slow- ly one hour and strain over 2 eggs beaten up lightly with a cup of cream. do not heat after adding the eggs or it will curdle. Serve with croutons of bread. . ..,_ _._ _v_ NEW ZEALAND TRADE. A Draft Treaty of Commerce Drawn lip by Canadian and New Zenlnnll Repre- senlnuvcn. In the course of his budget speech the Hon. J. G. \Vai'd. colonial treasurer for New Zealand,quotcd the memorandum drawn up and signed jointly by himself on behalf of the New Zealand Govern- ment, and Sir Mackenzie Howell and the Hon. G. E. Foster, on behalf of the Canadian Government. respecting the trade. relations of the two colonies Mr. \Vard spoke highly of the possi- bilities of trade under this agreement, which only now awaits the sanction of the legislatures of each colony. Ii is styled a “ Memorandum respecting improved commercial relations and re- ciprocal tariff regulations, as agreed upon in conference, held informally in Ottawa, .10th June, 1895, between Sir MackenZie Bowell, premier, etc, andthe lion. George E. Fostern finance min- ister, etc., as representing Canadian in- terests, and the Hon. J. G. Ward, treasurer, postmaster-general, etc.. as representing New Zealand interestsâ€" subject to the approval of the Govern- ments and Legislatures of Canada and Nfizw Zealand respectively,” and runs t us:â€" The following named articles, when the produce or manufacture of New Zea- land and imported direct therefrom into Canada. and when the produce or manu- facture of Canada and imported direct therefrom into New Zealand. to be ad- mitted in both cases free of customs duties. viz.;-â€" 1. Animals (live) excepting hogs, 2. Frozen or fresh meats. 3. Bacons and hams. 4. Fish. 2. Hides. Milk (condensed or preserved). 7. W'ool, and manufactures compos- ed wholly or in part thereofâ€"viz.,blanâ€" kets, flannels, tweeds and rugs. R. Flax (Phormium). 9. Barley.‘ 10. Cats. 11. Wheat and wheat flour. 12. Seeds. 13. Coal. 14. Kerosene oil (petroleum) 15. Safes. 16. Organs and pianofortes. 17. Tallow. 18. Lumber and timber, planks. boards and dimension stuffs, rough or manufactured, including doors,sashes and blinds. 19. Binder twine. The following articles, when import- cd under like cond ti m an 1 in like man- ner to receive in both countries prefer- tial tariff treatment as follows. viz.:â€"â€" 1. Agricultural implements, includ- ing also axes, haichets, Scythes. forks. rakes, hoes, shovels and spades, if made duriable under New Zealand general tariff, to be free. 2. Twines of all kinds. ropes and cordage. a rate equal to 2 1â€"2 per cent. ad valorem less than the general tariff rates current at date of importation. 3. Leather, 3. rate equal to 10 per cent. off the rate current at date of imâ€" portation. 4. Boots and shoes, harness and sad- dlery, at 17 1-2 per cent. ad valorem. or, in case the general tariff rate in both countries be '25 per cent.. the pre- ferential rate to be 20 per cent. 5. Furniture at 20 per cent., ad val- orem. Mackenzie Bowell, George E. Foster, J. G. \Vard. Colonial Treasurer. New Zealand. UNITED STATES WATER FAMINE. Whole Towns In mile, lndlana, Kenlncky and West Vlrglnln Without Winter. A special from Cincinnati says :â€"If there is not a heavy, persistent rain in this section of the United States, comprising a portion of Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky and West Virginia, the losses will ruin hundreds of persons. There has been no rain for weeks and water is almost unknown. except ina few holes in the Scioto and Miami, and the Ohio is only two feet six in- ches in the channel. In the southern part of Ohio, along the line of the Cin- cinnati, Portsmomh & Virginia Rail- way, the water famine is so great that that road has donated two tanktrains to haul water to the people. A score of small towns are. without a drop, and fires are not tolerated. The reports from Kentucky describe much the same condition for lack of water, which has in some cases to be hauled for miles. The Ohio river cannot float a single boat. At every landing spot from Pomeroy, 0., 450 miles to Louisville, Ky.. all sorts of produce is rotting in the sun of day and the frosts of night. A competent river man said in the space named on the river two million bushels of apples, a half million of cabbages, a quarter of a million bushels of potaâ€" toes, untold quantities of butter, eggs and other farm produce are spoiled. All of the little stores are short of grocerâ€" ies. and the losses to the steamers, to the produce dealers, shippers andbuyâ€" ers exceeds $51,000,000. ._._..._*â€"-â€"â€"â€" Quickly Paelfled. Husband (furiously)â€"Here’s my best niecrschauni pipe broken! How in the name of sciise did that happen? \\'il'e-â€"l don’t know, except that when lgot up this morning, I found your Incerscbauin pipe. in the front. hall, and your overshoot on the parlor mantel-piece. Husband mildly)â€"â€"-Oh, dents will appcn. soci- there well I presume EUUPE WAR 01.01111. IS THERE AN ALLIANCE BETWEEN FRANCE AND RUSSIA ? France Backing lip tins-I- In China: and Japanâ€"lacuna Government Baileys! French om.“ In Burundiâ€"Mind’- Good Work In Egyptâ€"Increase of Poverty Among the Russian Peas- nun-y. There is some concern in England respecting the apparent allianceâ€"ex- pressed or understoodâ€"between France and Russia. A variety of circum- stances. notably the behaviour of the Czar's military representative at and subsequent to the French reviews.show that to some extent such an alliance exists. It is certain that the speeches and toasts of the Russian general would not have passed unrebuked, had such an alliance not. existed. It is be- lieved by some competent judges that practically the agreement between the two powers is to the effect that in con- sideration of France backing up Russia in China, Japan, and also generally. the Czar will befriend France upon the questions arising between her and Eng- land, and Will also support her if at- tacked. France wishes England to evacuate Egypt, and also to recognize her border encroachment on the Up- per Mekong in Burmah. Some of the intruding French officials have been forcibly removed by the Indian Govern- ment. and the British Cabinet has of~ ficially protested and refused to recog- nize the French encroachments in op- position to treaties. These irritating questions show the Wisdom of the Bri- tish plicy of having a buffer state be- tween the French and English terri- tories, which, unfortunately,the French have practically got rid of. As all in- telligent people know, England does not derive THE SLIGHTEST GAIN from the presence of her soldiers in Egypt. Her principal reason for stay~ ing is to safeguard her reformsâ€"intro- duced in spite of French oppositionâ€"- from being wantonly destroyed by the caprice of the Khedive, and to satisfy his horde of hungry courtiers. Eng- land has vastly improved the condition of the natives. lightened taxation, im- proved the revenue and credit, and abolished many grievous oppressions. There has been no other instance in any country of such vast ameliorations hav‘ ing been effected in spite of such strong oppositionâ€"internal and externalâ€"m such a brief space of time. To quit Egypt would be to abandon it to the Vlle horde of plunderers and oppressors who formerly throve upon its misery. It would also imperil and diminish the value of the enormous investments of Europeans, the French themselves be- ing large investors. The mere fact of announcing that England would withâ€" draw would reduce by one-half the value of all stocks and investments, and the numerous French sufferers would protest as loudly as the others. There is good reason to believe that Russia uses France as a mere cats- paw, the latter lending money and exâ€" erting influence in exchange for verbal promises, which, when closely examin- ed, mean very little. The French take great pains to proclaim the alliance. such as it is. and thus the Czar can in diplomacy exhibit. her. as adding to his own ENORMOUS STRENGTH. While he is not bound by any formal treaty. The truth is most likely this: Russia has promised that if France is wantonly attackedâ€"which no one dreams of doingâ€"she will side with her and that. France engages to back up Russia generally. Thus RuSSia is not bound to sustain France in any of- fensive war, but France is practically bound if Russia breaks the peace of Europe. It is in the highest degree unlikely that the Czar would assist France in an offensive war against Germany, apart from all questions of kinship, for by so doing he would have everything to lose and nothing to ain. for in such a war Germany would ave strong allies. Even if the Czarâ€"his wife is a grandaughter of our Queen.â€" were inclined for a wanton war, which is opposed to all known evidence. the internal condition of Russia is so seri- ous that practically it is out of the question. The majority of the intelli- gent classes are so discontented by the neglect of sorely needed home reforms that the Nihilist organization has re- vived. and once moreâ€"as during the last nineteen yearsâ€"the Czar’s life is im erilled. rince Krapotkin has in the Nine- teenth Century for September temper- ately described the rapid increase of poverty among the Russian Peasantry. the exact converse of what is h n- ing in Egypt under British guardian- ship. This is mainly a. consequence of IGNORING ECONOMIC LAWS, for it is certain that so long as the land is held in common without indi- vidual ownership there must be deteriâ€" oration. No man will manure or imâ€" prove land which two or three years hence another one will have. He quotes authorities to show that in numerous cases the rent and taxes are far higher than what can be obtained from the al- lotted land under the present modes of culture. and that during part of the year vast numbers wander in search of work or to beg. As if to irritate the intelligent clasms, men and women who displcase the police can now be sent to Siberia without even a mock trial. His temperately written facts explain the revival of Nihilism in Russia. The mur- der of Stambouloff, the err-Premier of Bulgaria, by unofficial Russian agents has set. a frightful example to the Nihiâ€" lists. for at the time he was surrounded by guards. nearly all of whom had been corrupted. Considering all things. it is reasonably certain that there Will be no war, for England, as a last re- source can join the triple alliance, and the enormous strength of the four coun- tries would forbid any such folly. All who wish well to France should pray for peace. for if there were war, Russia as in the case of others, would abandon her. In 1807 she seized and kept terri-x tory belonging to her ally. and in 1878 she did the like. Wm--. . New South “'ales owns 2.182 miles of railway. and New Zealand in 1&2 owned has been an earthquake or something. 072 miles