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WTH THE 1qu RGADE. ONLY AMERICAN SURVIVOR OF THE SIX HUNDRED. lcremlah Ryan 0! Chicago, was in the Famous Chm-go a: Balaklavaâ€"llc films a Splrltcd Description of the Famous Battlen One of the "noble six hundred,"the only American survivor of the band who "came through the jaws of death, back from the mouth of hell," lives in Chicago, and last. week won a ver- dict of one thousand dollars from; the City of Chicago for injuries due to a defective sidewalk. Jeremiah Ryan is the name of the survivor of the Light Brigade. \Vhile he himself is unknown, the exploits of the six hundred are familiar to every- one who hasbeen a schoolboy; at any time during the last forty years. Most of them recited Tennyson's "Charge of the Light Brigade,” and everybody has certainly heard it declaimed a dozen times. To print it would be ridiculous, for nearly everybody knows it by heart wad can tell how the gallant little land was led to death through that mistake of a leader who himself died while on his fool's errand , Four days before last Christmas Ryan celebrated his sixty-second birth- day. This would make him nineteen years of age at the time when with his comrades he charged the whole Rus- sian army. A man must be twenty- one before he can enlist in the British army. But when the war in the Criâ€" mea. broke out Ryan, like other young Irishmen and Britishers, was anxious to go to the front and do some fight- ing. A recruiting station was opened at Limerick, for the Fourth Light Dra- goons, an English regiment, which, like most of the others, included a good many Irishmen in its ranks. Ryan was only nineteen, but he and some (other youths of his age declared that they were twenty-one, 'and so were al- lowed to enlist. RIGORS 0F RUSSIAN \VINTER When the regiment left for the Cri- mean peninsula, all of the men thought that they would have an easy time of it, and that the Russians would be easily beaten. But those in charge at home had made no preper provision for the health and comfort of the soldiers. The hardships endured were frightful. Cholera broke out, and thousands of men died from the disease. The men, unused to cold, were forced to sleep in tents in the open air during a. Rusâ€" sian winter. Often the wind would tear the tents from their pegs and leave the soldiers without even that much covering, and this in spite of‘ the fact that the intensity of the cold was so great that no one might dare to touch any metal substance in the open air without the penalty oI leavmg his skin behind him. Many battles were fought during that Those that were won by the English were due to the pluck and cour- age of the men: The battles were fought without any really definite plan. Those in command merely let the soldiers fight purposelessly when- ever they could, and trusted to the ef- fect of the single battle. - The battle of Balaklava, fought Oct. 25, 1854, was one of this: nature, and it was in this that the most disastrous blunder of all, "the charge of the Light Brigade,” was made. “After the l'attle of Alma,” said Ryan. "we marched to Balaklava and occupied the heights with ease. This was south of Sebastopol, and had a port that would enable us to keep a. constant communication between our armies and fleets. We had a. long and hard march over the snow, which was thick on the ground, but; as hard as a rock, and not much worse on my horse’s feet than would be the asphalt pavements. Preparations were made for an attack on Sebastopol. The at- tempt began on Oct. 17, but it failed, although we fought hard, but the ships could not get near enough to make their guns effective. BATTLE OF BALAKLAVA. "The battle of Balaklava was brought on by the Russians on Oct. 25, when they tried to drive us from the heights we occupied. It was a good, hot fight, and the cavalry did most of the fight- ing on. our ride, and as I was in the cav- alry I got my share. I remember the charge of the Light Brigade best, al- though it did not selelm much at the time. This Light Brigade consisted of 607 men. They were picked from the various regiments, all young and enâ€" ergetic men and good fighters. There were 118 men from the Fourth Light Dragoons, 104 of the Eighth Hussars, 130 of the Thirteenth Light Dragoons, and 145 of the Seventeenth Lancers. I was among those from the Fourth [light Dragoons. "In his poem Tennyson, with the lic- enlse of a poet, makes it appear that me all knew we were going to certain death. As a. matter of fact. we knew nothing of the kind. \Ve did not have the slightest idea what we were go- ilnlg to do. We merely obeyed orders. amid had no thought that we were about to charge the whole of the Russian army. There had been a heavy fall of dense, dam-p snow, and the ground was hard. Under Captain Nolan we chargâ€" ed in too lines at quick pace. NVe till-d not know Where we were going. mad the enemy. [being behind a bluff, were not in sight. life had not gone more than twelve hundred yards before the whole line of the Russians opened a flood of smokie and flame upon us thirty 'Ilhem we could not have fallen back Men and horses fell One-third of us fell to the ground dead or dying. Another third of the men were wounded. The horses. well trained. huddled together and carried us onward toward the Bus- sians. Another battery opened fire upolul us. and to this oblique fire by the cannon was joined a volley of musket- ry from the Russian infantry. CHARGE OF THE BRIGADE. "With. sabers drawlm we kept on to- ward the Russian guns. \Ve could not fight much, for we were huddled close together in asolid mass for our pro- tection. The men in the middle of the ranks dared not draw their sabers. for they could not tell friend from foe. Those on the outside fought and cut down the Russians in our way. Then the order was given to return. and we retreated as best we could. Some of the horses broke with their riders and carried them back to our lines. Slow- ly we fought our way back surrounded by Russian infantry and soldiers. "But while we were fighting to re- gain our own lines the Russian gun- ners returned to their guns, and angry that we had only just ridden over them, and thilnking of nothing but reâ€" venge. they fired at the mass of fight- ing soldiers. and this time they killed more Russians than Englishmen, for there were more Russians than Engâ€" lishmen in front of the guns. Mean- Whlile the Eighth Hussars and the heavy brigade came to our rescue and hlelped us cover our retreat. "A wretched lot we were when.x we returned. They made heroes of the survivors. but the dead and dying were left where they fell. There were 607 Of us when we followed Captain Nolan in the charge. Of these 198 came back, Mud some of these received wounds from which they died shortly after- ward. I myself received two cuts in the hand and another just above'the and of my sock. But these were light wounds, and Iescaped much better than most of the men. There Were not more {than adozen who came through that charge unscathed. HOW THE MEN FELT. "\Ve did not know what was going to happen when we went into the charge. But we were rather sore about it when we returned, though those who got through were too happy that they had escaped to make much fuss about it. It has been written of as a great expedition, and so I suppose it was. But we do not deserve any great cred- it for bravery. Almost any man would have done the same. We were all dareâ€" devil fellows caring little for our lives and fond of the excitement of battle. And then, when the band plays, and everybody cheers and yells you are so carried away by the excitement that you think of nothing but the joy of fighting. It is great sport. Better than any other in the world. "Afterward we heard much about it. when the world sun'g our praises. Some Frenchman said that our exploit was ' magnificent, but it was not war,’ It seems that it had been the inten- tion of Lord Raglan. our general. that the cavalry should aid in regaining the heights surmounted by the redouth taken by the Turks. or in default of this to prevent the Russians from car- rying off the guns at those points. He had no intention of having this work dome by 600 men. The Light Brigade was to have been only a part of the forces. But Captain Nolan, who car- ried the message, did not understand it, nor did the lieutenant general.Lord Lucan. The Earl of Cardigan put the order info execution and Captain Nolâ€" an himself led us and died with my other comrades for his own mistake. or that of others. AFTER THE GREAT CHARGE. " We remained in the field and fought other battles until the armis~ tioe of September, 1856. The cold was the worst foe with which we had to contented. The Russians used to say that their best generals were General January and General February. Many a. man who had laid down to sleep on the cold ground never got up. and I had one of my legs frozen." Ryan came to ,ew York from Eng- land in 1856, and for eighteen years was with the Adams Express Company in that city. Then he moved to Chi- cago, where he has since lived. He was injured January 4, 1897. by a, fall causâ€" ed by a defective sidewalk at Cakley and Austin avenues, and was confined for several months in the county hos- pital with a broken kneecap. As arcâ€" sult of his injuries he has been unable to pursue his business. which has lately been that of a pedlar. â€"â€"â€"â€".â€"â€"â€"â€"â€" A FAIR COLIPLEXION . A smooth, delicate complexion, is the greatest of all charms of personal ap- pearance, and it should be the ambition of every woman to preserve a lovely skin if she has it, and if not to culli- vate the art of getting it: First of all never wash in hard water when a little borax will soften hard water, and make( the skin soft and delicate. Avoid hard water as a pestilence, as it thickens the skin and makes it sallow. An old and much used recipe by persons with exquisite complexions is as follows: Powdered borax, one-quarter ounce; glycerine, onerhalf ouncc,; elderâ€"flower water, eight ounces; lenzoin, one quarter ounce; vaseline, one quarter ounce. Apâ€" ply after washing, and it will make the skin soft and. fine. For chapped hands use equal parts of lemon juice and glycerine, a small quantity of borax, and sweet- en the wholel with triple extract of violets. An old lady seventy-five years old, who still retains her pink cheeks and soft baby complexion, says that she kept up her, habit of putting a litlle powdered 'borax in the face water since she was a girl. She said it was as much to lenefit the eyes and strengthen them as for the complexion, but she believes that it, helped the lat- ter, and she requires her grand- daughters to use it. from the mouths of if we wanted to. under the fire. I ust stores of coal ‘so, with the passing from .er power. And no country in the world ‘ is Canada. columns 0 If CANADA. RICH IN WA'IER POWER, MINERALS AND AGRICULTURE. The Dominion Seen Tliiongh English Eyes â€" Second lctter of Mr. Ernest E. Wil- liams, the London llnii (lorrospollilcnl. The following is the second letter on Canada, written by Ernest E. Williams for the London Mail: Canada’s arrested development showing unmistakable signs of renew- ed Vitality in every branch of indus- try. Perhaps "renewed vitality" is scarcely the right term. The position is not that Canada has had a cycle of progress, succeeded by a period of stagnation, but rather that her life has not yet really begun; The years of her history are as the first minutes in a new born' infant‘s life, when animation is almost in sus- Dense. Canada’s birthâ€"throes have been long, and faint hearts may have wondered whether she would ever live atl all to take her place among the nations. While the United States was growing with abnormal rapidity; while newer proâ€" vinces of Britain’s Empire were shoot- lng ahead, the Dominion lay dormant. Her vast mineral wealth was not only not exploited; no one took the trouble even to attempt to measure it. Her water powerâ€"the greatest of any coun- is. try‘sâ€" still spends itself in lonely rivers, silent, save for the roar of the falls. Here and there, the hum of a mill hard by tells that science and industry are tapping, in a puny fashion, the illimitable store of electric power which lies behind the mist veil spread over the rushing waters; but the instances, of advantage being taken of this, pow- er, though a. high compliment to the enterprise of the few Canadians con- cerned, are merely microscopic when scaled to the dimensions of THE POWER AVAILABLE I had heard much of late concerning the industrial possibilities of Canada’s water power, but I did not; grasp the thing till I came out here, and began actually to look on the cataracts rush- ing away to waste, and listened to their roar, which seemed as the angry voice of this wonderful, neglected country. And yet I have seen so little of it. I have shot the Lachine Rapids, as is the custom of visitors to Montreal; I have looked at the Chaudiere Falls in Ottawa; I have been rowed to the foot of thirteen waterfalls, all within three- andâ€"aâ€"half-miles of each other, and about an hour’s train journey from the capital, and all containing in their rapids an immense electrical powen The great Lachine Rapids light Mont- real, and provide the motive force for its street cars; the Chaudiere waters do the same for Ottawa, besides sup- plying saw and other mills, but both are only called upon to give a tiny part of their energy; while the waters which roll to waste at the Chats Rap- ids are not at present called upon for any human service. And these speciâ€" mens of Canada‘s water power are re- peated over an enormous area in On- tario and Quebec. Supposing Canada to 'be ten times as thickly populated as it is, and presuming alsol the satis- factory accomplishment of the experi- ments towards transmitting electric power long distances without too great loss of energy, every town could be lit, and all its street cars run, every mill and factory set humming, every house lit and heated, nay, every rail- way train could be run, by the force which lies in the rapid currents of Canada’s waterways. That, at any rate is the delilerate OPINION 0F ELECTRICIANS who have traveled in the Dominion. From this cause alone Canada’s fuâ€" ture greatness should be assured. For just as the industrial greatness of the nineteenth century has largely laid with the nations which had the greatâ€" in their countries, steam to electricity, there seems little reason to vloubt that the greatness of the twen- licth century will lie, caeteris pei‘ibus, within the reach of those communities, which possess the most abundant wat- is so richly endowed with torrents as With Canada, also, the other neces- sary ingredients of industrial greatâ€" ness, so far as Nature’s provision is ccncerned, are fully equal. The men and the money are to seek; but the rest are present. A French King once; de- scribed Canada as “a few acres of snow." A more silly libel could scarce be uttered. The “few acres” applied to a country as big as all Europe is hard- ly even funny in its foolishness. The reference to snow had the viciously lib- elous character of the halfâ€"truth. Can- ada is covered with snow for halfâ€" or, rather, less than halfâ€"the year; but not only is the snow! an aid, in- Stl‘ilfi of a hindrance, to locomotion, but it is also an {lid to the productivity of the soil. Particularly is this so in the case of cultivated fields which have been manured in the autumn. As the frost loosens its grip onl the land in the spring, and the snow melts, the moisture soaks the manure, and car- ries it down into the receptive soil, so fertilizing it much more efficient- ly than if the land had remained bare during the winter. lul‘ the winter comes so early,and the Spring arrives so late, is the oi»; jection sometimes uttered in the old: country. The objection is true enough J in a measure. judging the times‘ and the seasons by British standards. and particularly when the comparison is ap- plied to the lands in the Dominion which lie northerly and remote from the seaboard. But the OBJECTION LOSES AYY FORCE it: may otherwise have Ililli, in face of the fact that in Canada vegetation grows and I‘ll'fills so rapidly in the spring :lnd snmnlcr l‘l ‘li‘. the leeway is more than ovvi‘l‘ukcn Here is an opâ€" pmite illustraticn iu-hleul to me the other day. A farmer in Scotland sowed his corn in the spring, thenleft to visit his brother in Canada, helped him in his sowing, stayed} with him during the summer, helped him to harvest, and then returned to Scotland in time to harvest his own grain. ‘ on Canada‘s adaplibility to agriculture on Canada’s adaptalility to agricu]- ture. Contcmpt has given way to re- spc ‘tful wonder. The quality of Mani- toba. wheat holds the world‘s record, and its "N0. 1 hard," is a, hy-word of admiration Indeed, when the vast rich plains of that province shall be- come completely sellled, the po<ilion of other \vhmt exporting countries will become little short of critical, \Vith such quality and quintity zirâ€" rziyed against them, all. the land and currency reforms which the bruins of busy politicians can devise. will fail to minister Yankee farmers to the sweet sleep they owned in the days when Manitoba was the roving home of In- dians. As to the quantity of grain at prcscnt produced, the 1897 figures are not yet obtainable, but every newspaper reader knows how Canada’s prolific wheat crOps this year have gone far to pull up the shorl'age in the world’s crop. and mitigate the dau- ger of a. bread famine. In 1995 there were in Manitoba alone 1,140.276 ac.ch of wheat, yielding 31,â€" 775,038 bushels. In 1896 the progress of the previous year was smartly arâ€" rested, the total produce being only 14,371,906 bushels, lut tlxis alarming fall is explained in pzlrt by. the reduc- tion in sowing lo 999,598 acres conseâ€" quent on a glut in tlzc- market. but chiefly by the unfavorable character of the season, the yield being ONLY 14.33 BUSHELS TO THE ACRE as against 27.86 bushels in 1895.. There were also big drops in the‘ production of oats and barley; but these set-backs to Canada‘s agricultural progress, as the 1897 harvest shows, are but a tem- porary ebb, without significance, in a tide which is bound to flow, for many years. But it is not only in wheat that Canâ€" ada threatl-ns the rest of the world. In live stock, and dead meat, and ham, and bacon, in dairy produce and in fruit, she is_ steadily forging to the front, and with her unmeasurable resources in each of these depart- ments, she is obviously destined to take a. loading part in the world’s produc- Itions. Considering that Canada has only just begun her development in any of these directions, statistics of 'zcr achievements are woefully misleading unless read with a full recollection of the fact that work hitherto accom- plished is little letter than the experiâ€" mental efforts of pioneers: but, with this fact in view, a few figures will not, perhaps, be without value and in- 'terest. The bacon exported from Canada in 1896 was valued at 3,802,!35 dols; hams, at 579,833 dols., and other sorts of meat at 990,222 dols. The butter.’ sent away reached a total. value of 1,052,089 dols., an increase of 354,613 dols., on the previous year. Apples were ex- ported to the value of 1,484,445 dols., and pears accounted for 1,299,491dols. These are but samples, and do not inâ€" clude the chief export of allâ€"cheese. The value of the Canadian cheese ex- port in 1896 was no less than 13,956,571 rlols The growth of this industry in Canada is a truly marvelous instance of what energy and a steady deter- mination to produce an article of uniâ€" form excellence can achieve. Canadian Cheddar is not equal to the best Ched- dar, but it has become the equal of all but the best, and the superior of much of the cheese made in England. And withal IT IS CHEAPER. The cheese factory industry in Can- ada dates back to 1863. Two years later there were ten factories at work. In the following year there were seventy-two. In 1890 there were 1,585. The dairy industries, like all others in this country, have been greatly aid- ed by the Provincial and Dominion Gov- ernments. The theories of the Man- chester school of political economists find little favor here; and the] states- man who advanced the doctrine that the whole duty of the State was to effuce itself in industrial matters would promptly, in American parlance, be buried so deep that you would never find him. No party would dare to bring forward the principle of Govern- mental inaction which is still the es- tablished faith of the mother country. No one would ever want to bring for- ward such a principle. The idea. is foreign to the initial conception of naâ€" tional organization held by all Cana- dians irrespective of party. No State assistance is ever regarded as import- incnt or misapplied; no State money grants are ever attacked as wasteful or harmful, when the object is the furtherance of Canada’s industrial de- velopment. And the result of the State.- aid policy is seen in the steady pro- gress everywhere observable, deSpite the meagre flow of capital into the country. . There is danger, of course, in put- ting into the hands of politicians in office the power of paying out public funds for the aid of private enterprise; but the power has not been applied either to base or to foolish uses. Even the perilous policy of granting export bountics to encourage infant indusâ€" tries has been safely carried out, and has succeeded in its aim without landing the country in the economic bog, wherein, for example, European lestâ€"sugar countries now find them- selves. The thing is kept well in hand in Canada, and when, as in the case of .cbeose, the bounty has served its pur- pose it is wuthdrawn. lLElllll] PALAUESEURET. PRINCESS CARINI FOUR YEARS PRI- SONER IN HER OWN HOME. slim llp in n l iosct will- iici- Blind Daught- er 3.: ilcr SIcwuriI-lmw-r and Slurvcd â€" Sicilian Ingrnully Applied to Fortune llniillng â€" Curious Light on South llnlliui Life. Palermo, the most widlcawake and im- portanl city in Sicily. has just been startled by the discovery that it was possible for two well-known women of noble family to be kept close prioners for four years in their own palace on one of the principal streets of the town without any one knowing it. A re- putable lawyer recently informed the police authorities that the Princess Carâ€" ini, a member of the highest aristocr- acy of Sicily, was kept prisoner with her blind 20-year-old daughter in her villa in the Via della. Liberta by ‘her steward, Giovanni Cannella. A large force of police and carbimcers was sent to the villa to make sure that no one iscaped; at the door the porter told them that the Princess was travelling abroad. They passcd lillui and were stopped by Cnnnella's mother, who told. them they could not enter the house in the Princess's absence. They arrested her, broke in the doors, and after a long search found the two women in a. dark closet, nearly nuked, half frozen and starving. Cannella, his family and all the servants were arrested, the re- markable story of the Princess was ver- ilfied, and the police are now hunting for the W‘omplices in the crime. Marla La Grua, Prlill'lp-essa Carini has had plenty of excitement during the course of her life. In her youth she was a. . NOTED SOCIETY BEAUTY. and at 18 married the Marchese Artale di Bollato e Sanlt‘ Onofrio. [After some years of married life her husband surprised her with a. lover, secured a judicial separation with the custody of his children, but left to her the young- est chillrl, a little girl born blind, of whom he denied that he was the father. Tbs was about twenty years ago. The Princess led a fast life after that, tak- ing one Lover after another, losing her money at Monte Carlo and estranging all her relatives by open scandal; even ’ Palermo society had to give her up. When the cholera. epidemic broke out in Sh"in in 1885. however, the Princess Carilni volunteered as a nurse and spent (months in the hospitals of Pal- ermo tending the sick. In 1892 her mother died leaving her an estate that yields an income of $10,- 000 'a year. The Princess, by that time a middle-aged womam fell in love with Cannella, then a clerk earning $2 a week, and a married man, though she did not know it. She made him her steward at a high salary and set up astrange sort of a. household,such as are not uncommon, however, in southern Europe. The Princess, with her daugh- ter, occupied rooms on the ground floor of one wing of the palace, the steward with his family, rooms in the opposite wing, and they took their meals togeth- er. Cannella then prepared his plan to obtain possession of the whole of the Princess's fortune. Little by little he removed all of the old servants and. put in their places creatures of his own. He maltreated the Princess and her daughter, forbade their appearing at the windows or on the balconies, and spread the story that they, had gone abroad. \Vhen he found the statement accepted by whatever persons inquir- ed for the Princess, hjis usage of the women grew harsher, he deprived them of clothes, of fuel, and of food, so 'that they were forced to beg for bread from the gardener and such servants as they saw from time to 'time. His intention was apparently to di Eve. them mad or to KILL THEM SLOIVLY. The unfortunate women were com- pletely in his power. The Princess, half out of her mind, signed every paper that he directed her to sign. Caunella meanwhile lived in fine style, kept a carriage, but showed himself to be a careful administrator of the property which he intended should be his. So matters went on for four years. At last Cannella drew up a will for the Princess to sign by which everything was bequeathed to him. That roused the Princess; through all her adven- tures she had shown a passionate fond- ness for her helpless ‘~‘daughter, and when this will was signed, if they were not both suppressed her child would be left at Caunolla's mercy. She refused to do his bidding, and, working on the gardeners feelings. induced him to lake a letter to the lawyer. who called in - lthe police. As this affair occurred in Sicily. the Italian newspapers attrilmtc it to the workings of the Mafia. This seems very unlikely. Cannclla’s accomplices arrested so far are members of his own lfamily and de zmlcnls of his; those sought for are the persons to whom he intrusted his stealimgs. The scheme. Machiavellian in its simplicity, was car- ried out with the strict attention to business that marks the Italian lower classes, and could have been foiled at any time had the Princess Cai'ini rous- ed herself to action as she did at the end. __â€".â€"_ ACTIVE VOLCANOES. Over on the other continent are seven volcanoesl in operation. there