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Success Lnthe field is the one thing which proves the general’s capacity, and from the nature. of circumstances all Powvrs must grape very much in the dark when they appoint to high command men who have only pence service on their record. Beaten badly once. the North had The difficulty was not so much to find soldiers as to discover generals. Many officers had been appointed to high commands through interest and jobbery; many were much too old for a bold, aggressive war; others. again, who seemed to promise highly and were appointed on their merits, fail- ed lamentglbly when put to the test. LESSONS FROM GIVIL WAR That was in the summer of 1861. The defeat in no sense weakened the grim determination of the North. Steps were taken largely to increase the army. One hundred and fifty-seven thousand men had been called for be- fore the battle; now £00,001) were deâ€" manded and raised. EXPERIENCE OF THE NORTH WAS THE SAME AS ENGLAND. The Somh Won m. the First, But the Tent! clty ol'the North Told In the Long Run. and Ancr Grent Bulcln-ry II “on. In many respects the struggle in South Africa to-day recalls and reâ€" peats the American Civil War. ‘ The Power of the vast resources has been Caught indifferently prepared, and the Boer Republic, like Mr. Jefferson Davis, and the Southern Confederacy. have been allowed to snatch great ini- tial advantages. There was, it is true nothing quite like the siege of Ladysmith, or of Kimberley, or of Mafeking in 1861-5. .But in their 8811‘ eral outlines the two wars resemble each other closely says an; English Paper. . . ' Owing to the faulty operations of two Northern columns the first great battle of the war was a. terrible de- feat for the 'North. At Bull Run the green Northern troops, indeed, [ought splendidly, and there were moments when it seemed that they had won the battle. But as the day wore on an- other hostile force came up on their flank. and they broke and fled in the wildest disorder. The very capitulof the North all but fell into the enemy‘s hands, and there was at once a cry that the South could never be beaten. The~ North opened the war by rash and hasty movements. It refused to listen to General Sherman, who from the outset accurately foretold what would happen, and ,set him down as a madman when he called not for thou- sands but for hundreds of thousands of men. It was weaker than England in this respect, that it had virtually no Army, and con5equently one had to be provided instead of merely expanded. But then the Southern preparations on the Other hand had not been as tuuy developed as those of the Transvaal have been. It was generally imagined that'bne great victory would bring the South- erners to their knees. As a matter of fact the South gained most of the vic- Lories, and was only crushed by Sheer brute force, and by the terrible policy of attrition. which meant that the whole. Southern manhood had to be decimated in the field at a cost of hundreds of thousands of Norther- ners killed and wounded. The Confederates, or Southerners, like the Boers, were a people accus- tomed to an open air lifeâ€"a race of farmers and plantersâ€"while the Fed- erals, or Northerners. were like the English, a people of manufacturers. It was anticipated, and it did prove to be the fact, that the people accustomed to tho 09w air would do better in bat- tle until their opponents acquired their hardness. mobility, and art of skirm- lshing. The woodman or the hunter will always be more skilful in taking rover than the city bred soldiers. But with time the citybred soldiers can learn all the woodman knows. The North stafted by fatally underâ€" rating the resistance with which it would meet. It was ruled by men who had no knowledge of War and little comprehension of policy. President Lincoln though a very able and usually far-sighted man, failed signâ€" nally to understand the greatness of the emergency or the bitter resolu- tion of the South. They had the best generalsâ€"incom- parabe the best generals in the ear- lier years of the war. The North had no man in '1861 or 1862 to march with Joseph Johnston, or Lee, or Stonewall Jackson. imagined that a few successes would lead to European intervention, and in- tervention was very near at hand at many points in the war. - England Ind France were both inclined to re- cognize the South, but fortunately the popular will in this country was stronger and more far-sighted, than the statesmen. ' Still the hope of foreign intervention led the South to use every imaginable effort and fill- ed the North with disquietude. _: UN DER~ESTIMATED. Then, too, the Confederates, like the Boers. fought in a century with which they were thoroughly acquainted. They know every inch of the ground and the tactics best suited to the ter- rain. ' At the outset each side expected an Early and an easy victory. The South TERRIBLE DEFEAT badly once, the North had Very capital of :o the enemy's at once a cry The Princess of Wales has avariety of wigs, which she changes with her toilets. On her rehlrn from adrive or reception another gown, with its accompanying wig, is in readiness, and that her loaks are red (0â€"day and brown toâ€"worruw in no wisa discon- certs the Princess. All such «namers are regulated by custom, and the day may come when chemical hair dyes or exchangeable chignons will be part at evefiy woman’s wardrobe. The art of hair dyeing has made tre- mendous strides within the last few years, and them are many artists in that line whose work defies critic- ism. another wwd for detection, but Americans, as a class, have not tak- en kindly to that sort of thing, and the remark, " that she dyes her hair.“ is still considered by many as a. term of reproach. A Polynesian bridegroom is con- spicuous by his absence during the wedding festivitiesA As soon as nego- tiations are opened with the famiry of the bride, the young man is "sem imo the bush," and there he is obliged to stay until the wedding ceremonies are completed: Titian bronze, the new shade of hair. is still too much of a novelty to be common, but who has seen it and not longed for tresaes of that wonderful hue? It is too expensiva an operation to ever become the popular shade, and no‘ amateur at hair dyeing can accomâ€" plish the desired result, so the fortunâ€" ate few who possess locks of Titian bronze need have little fear of many duplicates. to spemd many months in reorganizing its army. In 1862 it again tried con- clusion and though some victories were gained in the west by younger generals-such as Grant, who was now coming intonoticeâ€"thegeneral result was most disastrous. Bloody and in- decisive battles or positive and terri- ble defeats were the depressing fea- tures of the war, and gloom in the North was general. Consolation, too, we can gather from the pastâ€"from this war or 1861-5, and from our own glorious history. We, like our American cousins, won in the end. Let us not minimize our reserves in South Africa, but let us remember that with time and proper administra- tion We can and shall win. Only, those responsible for the present errors ought to surrender power, that stronger and wiser minds may direct our arms. Wars are won or lost, by Governments, not by soldiers and gen- eralsâ€"Governments which know, fore- see, prepare, and dare to act. The soâ€"carled Peninsular campaign, after very hard fighting, resulted in defeatâ€"mainly, however. because the Secretary of the War Department, a civifian. ignorant of all military nec- essities, interfered fatally with the conduct of the campaign. At Fred- ericksburg the Norihern army was sent in to make a frontal attack up- on a strongly entrenched Southern position with the result that there was simply a massacre of Northern troops~ "It was a butchery. not a battle," said an eye-witness. Yet the North did not lose hope or faith, but grimly Bet its.teeth and determined to conquer in theAend. So desperate did the position seem that in 1862 President Lincoln tele- graphed with paths-tic thankfulnoss. "God bless you," to a general who had fought a drawn battle, and who had just held his own, at the cost of ap- palling bloodshed. In 1863 came fresh defeats and fresh disaslers. It was not till July of that year, twenty- sever. months after the beginning of the struggle, that the tide began to turn. That the tide ever turned was. indeed, due only to three thingsâ€"the tenacity of the North, its ability to cut off all military supplies, and ils overwhelming numbers and resources. It did not win by better generalship or by superior fighting and courage "in thn field. Even in the closing period of the war there were many terrible and anxious moments. Grant’s fronmlessulls on the Confederate army in the Wilder- ness and before Richmond issued in such loss of life as to lead many in tbs-North to cry once more for peace. The task before us is a lesser one than that which confronted the North in 1861 or 1862.. But from the past we can and should learn this lesson. that we must not underestimate our enemy's strength. Better, far bet- ter, 50,000 men too many than 5,000 too few. With inadequate forces frontal attacks become an absolute necessity against a mobile foe, unâ€" less the generalshivp on our side is of the highest order. Yet once more the bravery, tenacity, and insight of the Anglo-Saxon race told in this psychological moment. The war President, Lincoln, was re-elected. Troops by the thousands were poured into the field to fill the depleted ranks, and at the same time war stores began to give out in the South. Slowly, step by step, Grant worked his stubborn way, fighting every inch, round the enemy’s flank before Rich-{ mond. At last the long-looked-for mo- ment came when the enemy’s positionl was turned, and in that hour the Con-{ iederacy fell to pieces, after four long I years of battle and slaughter, and af-3 ter every vicissitude which the imag-l ination could picture. I The most prominent and, as was supposed, the most patriotic editor in the North shrieked of "our bleeding and despairing country.“ To add to the dancer, 9. Presidemial election was impending, and tha butcher‘s bill was used as a strong argument by party men against the Administration. Con- scription had been retentiessiy enforc- ed, leading- to bloody riots in New York, and bringing yet fresh un- fiopularity upon the head of the Presiâ€" ent. BRIDEGROOM SENT A W A Y TITIAN BRONZE. M BRAVERY TOLD Peas. . .... . Buckwheat. . . Corn for husking Potatoas. . . Beans. . . Mangels. . . Carrots. . . . ..... Turnips. . . {Corn for silo, tons 1 Hay, tons. . . l THE F ARMER IS THE KING. The report of the Bureau of Indus~ try containing complete statistics of the agriculture of thu Province, has just appeared. The information ox~ ceeds anything published elsewhere, and tells pretty well the story of the Ontario farmer. The average per 100 acres, which is the usual size of a farm, is as folâ€" lows: Farm land. . . . . . .$,387 Buildings. . . . . . . . 898 Implements. . . . . . . 226 Live stock. . . . . . ‘ '. . 414 but Before leaving this branch of the re- port, it might be well to notice the passing of the horse. In 1898 he numâ€" bered 511,241.; in 1897, 613,670; and in the yea,er before, 624,749, U47,69fi,'677,â€" 777, 685,187, 688,814. The income of the farms in Ontario accordingly must reach about $200,000,- 000. The value of the farm is given as ’fullows: Farm land. . . . . . $556,246,569 Buildings. . . . . . 210054396 Implements. . . . . 5-,377232 Live Stock. . . . . . 103,744,223 The chattel mortgages are decreas»‘ ing, as will be shown in the following list : 1898. . . . . . . 3512;238:1218 CONSULT TH E BIBLE. l I It is said in Scotland that those who desire tolearn what fate or fortune the new year has in store for them may do so by consulting the Bible on New Year’s morning before break- fast. The sacred book must be laid] upon a table, and those who wish to consult it must open it at random and place a finger upon one or other of the chapters at which it is opened. This chapter is read and believed to de- seribe in some way the happiness 01 misery the ensuing year hi the person making the trial. | No account can be made of the large anuan of money which farmers make from the private sale of eggs and butâ€" ter, but this certainly is large. Total. . . . . . $923,022,420 This is compared with $905,093,613 in 1.897. The story that this ‘book tells is the vast importance of the agricultural in- terests in Ontario . The mineral wealth of the Province may be great and the business wealth enormous, but the agricultural wealth overtop's any other industry. THE ASSESSED AREA GROWS. The rural area assessed is 23,392,584 acres, and the Province is growing in this direction. The woodland, which amounts to 7,198,905 acres, is naturally decreasing, and the marsh lands, \which Mr. Ross 'Lntends to reclaim, cover 3,200,065 acres. During the year 13,300 acres were reclaimed. Fall wheat. V Barley. ...... Spring wheat. Oats. . _ ‘ Rn. . . WEALTH IN DAIRYING. The value of dairy products is en- ormous. From the creameries $1,294,â€" 220 was received, and from cheese fac- tories $10,252,240 szs taken in. 1896‘ AGRICULTURE IS THE MOST IM~ PORTANT INDUSTRY. FARMERS’ REVENUE. But the foundation of the country is its field crops. Taxing the prices paid on the markets and applying them to the grain grower, some idea may be gained. Thén the Qalfie 6f bass is $998,049. But this is only a. part of the revenue from the farms of the Pro- vince. In this list fruit is not conâ€" sidered. There is in orchards and garâ€" dens 335,420 acres and in vineyards 10,- 118 acres. OI apples alone there are 9,670,000 trees. The live stock is another important feature, and the census give 611,241 horses, 2,215,942 cows, 1,617,014 sheep; 1,640,787 hogs, 9,084,273 fowl. It is esti- mated that the sales of live stock brought in $63,307,301. \n Int-onu- or \[nny llllllonu In Ontario- Inlt'rhllug Slullsllfl (‘uncrrnlng [he Rurm (nu-ream M (In Province. patience never was really Quibblerâ€"J do. Why, he Lhe lighted end of his cj mouth just as he wanted t‘ argument mast impressive FHE REAL Tl “Wrangler â€"â€" Tot-.11. , . ‘. . . . : PAYING OFF MORTGAGES padiuâ€"l dnn't know :1 it's better to have loved PASSING OF THE HORSE ONE THING helorâ€"Do you w have loved have loved at THE LIVE STOCK Bushels‘ . Grown. Value. u..25,158.713 $17,460,417 . 12,663,658 4,812,194 . . 6,873,785 4,756,659 ..... 86,858,293 22,409,440 . 2,673,234 1,162,857 . 13,521,253 7,058,099 ed an 1t all u say that Job's s really tested? Why, he never put f his cigar in. his vanth to make his . 5573.645 23,442,593 14,358,625 . 759,657 21,957,564 . 4,313._E61 .4,7z7,882 ,. 2,128,073 . 2,128,073 FOR S‘VEARING be” e 1T AIN $110,528,!) 47 35123821218 . 13,561,716 than new flui that and wan. placed at 906,732 4,711,961 6,332,154 531,760 1,756,605 539,233 6,472,788 4,236,146 £62,172 $3,946 $387 898 226 I 414 | down 6[ 'Westmi’r minating uf these‘ itary magnificent The reason is found in the army gymnasiums. The best of these gymna- siums is at Aldershot, where the sci- ence of physical development is man‘- vellously understood and Mantised. Raw recruits with steeping shoulders and shambling gait are‘turned out af- ter .21 MW months big, fullâ€"cheated and muscular, proud of their bearing and masters of their weapons. After ahuudred and ten days of training Tommy must be ready to join any regiment in the British service. The soldiers‘ nerves and heads are trained as well as their muscles, for they are taught to scale walls, climb high scaffoldings and mount ropes and ladders at fast time. There are fields of labor for out-of- doolr work and for parades, and there is an enormous outdoor framewOrk for climbing and swinging. One entire building is delee’d to the practice of fencing. Indeed, the variety of ac- complishments in addition to plain sol- diering that Tommy Atkins has to ac- qire is enough to justify his strut and swagger on coming out. Probably the hardest of a British soldier‘s duties is the wearing of his uniform. The British Army dress is exceedingly and unuecessam‘ily burden- some, but there is little likelihood that it will be modified. Protest is sometimes made against the great bearssin shakes of the Scots Guards and the gorgeous but heavy cuii‘ass of the Horse Guardr, but Engâ€" lish sentiment as :1 WI: “1 \Vollld l‘e scarcely more oppose? m the tearing‘ b9} Ills l‘hydral ncvclumucnt ls Ailcmlcd To In The Army Gymnasiums. Tommy Atkinsâ€"that is to say, the typical British soldier claims to be stronger and more enduring than the fighter of any other race. And it is just as well to know how he comes to have this physical superiority. Some of the Old Men-of Wm- Lyln: In Brit- Iall liuckalrch. Few of us, says the Army and. Navy Illustrated, of London, are probably aware of the number of old menvofâ€"wa‘r still existing on harbor and other ser- vice in our dockyards and ports that have helped, Ln their day. to make naval history. As a fact, there are more than a score of such. and some of them are to be found Lo-day. in the mast unlikcly places. Bigâ€"ésâ€"I‘m sure of it. I just read an account of a plum-her being held up by tootâ€"mas. BRITISH SOLDIER AS A GYMNAST‘ The old Belvidem frigate is the last of. the old shipmates, in the mosh lit- eral sense of the term, of Broke‘s fam- ous Shannon, with whom she served through the American war of 1812. It was the Belvidera which fired the first British shot in the war. and her "ad- ventures were many and notable, a brilliant and spirited page of our naval story, Were there space to do more than briefly allude to it as We close. The Hibernia is the flagship of the Admiral Superintendent of Malta do-“kyard, fhf' Eagle serves as a drill ship for the Royal Naval Reserve at Liverpool, and the Belvidera. acts as receiving ship at Portsmouth. The Hibernia, for instance, is, per- haps~indeed. she must be tertainly~ the oldest British mun-ofiwar in existence after the Victory. For pre- sent purposes the old lmplacable, at- tached to the Lion trading ship at Davenport, does not count. The Hibernia, in point of fact, was launched a few months before Trafal- gar. and hoisted her first pennant and admirai's flag a few months after that battle. She was a sister ship to Co‘iiingwuod’s favorite old flag ship the Caledonia, long since gone to the shipbreaker. The H:bcrnia’s first cruise was in 1806, as flag ship of the Channel fleet, with the Union at the main of the famous Earl St. Vincent. Sue flew St. Vincent‘s flag during the old chiel's last service afloat. and after it was hauled down on board the Hibernia St. Vincent's flag was never again hoisted in any man-olâ€"war. In the closing years of the Napoleonic war Lhe Hibernia served in the Mediterran- ean, and in the varlous small affairs that our ships bloakatling Toulon unâ€" der Lord Exmouth had she took a part. After lying up for years in the Ham- oaze she went to the Meditetrranean in the forties as flagship to Sir William Parker, "the last of Nelson's cap- tains,” and there. with the exception of two brief returns to England to reâ€" fit, she has remained ever since. The Eagle is auoLher, and she did some very smart fighting service in- deed, off the coast of Spain and in the Adriatic down to the close oil the great war. Her list of prinipal battle honors is as follows :â€"-Duka of York 8 Victory ovex Dutch, 1665; victory over French ofl' La Hague, 1692; capture of Gibraltar, 1704; kooke's victory over French, 17.:4; Hawke's victory over French oft‘ Finisterre, 1747; actions in East Indies, 1782. Bi ggs~4 VENERABLE OCEAN WARRIORS AN EXPLODED THEORY ali nonsense aboutthez‘e among thieves. Ann do the eli‘ ms of the mil the nation. }; serfice. which, had he partaken of food, would heads are have had to be rearranged by his bar- '1th Czar of Russia does not confine himself to the sLI'oneg flavored dish- es of his own country, but indulges a fouldmss [or French cooking as well. |Whun Nicholas visited Paris during lthe lifetime of Felix Faure, the late President of the French Republic, in response to the Czur’s complimentary comments on French cooking, Faure bcgg‘ed him tosay which of the nation- al diahes he preferred. “Plankud cod.” replied the Czar. Russian likes fishv cooked in oil. Monsivur Faure himself had a mark- ed weakness for ragout of mutton served wiLh potatoe'sh In khe intimacy of his own family he would permit himself to be served three times with this homely dish. Tanderioin of veal, with wine sauce. u |._\' no means uncommon dish in Frans: and Austria. is the favorite driit'iu'f of_l~‘mncis Joseyh, Emperor of Austria-Hungary. This dish is acknowledged to be very good when properly prepared. as it doubtless is in the imperial house- hold. Nevertheless it is far from hav- ing royal associaiions, and \h;:re are probably some thousands of the Em- pPl‘OI’S subjects who Shara his taste in this direction, "Planked cod." replied the Czar, "cookad with olive oil, as they prepare it at Nim-gs, in the style that Alphonse Daudel so highly praised." Which, huwever, only showed the Another queen who affects plainly cooked, rahter underdone meats is Chrisuina, Mgent of Spain. The Queex. mother eats roast beef, not be- causa she likes it, but because court physicians insist upon it as are-gular diet for the sickly young King, and she wishes by example to fortify him in. his adhurence to the strenth-giv- ing regimen. If Brillat-Savarin’s belief that a man. may be judged by what he eats holds good, HLs Majesty Humbert must be in all ways a very different character. from his father, the Jato King Victor Emmanuel, who had prac- tically the same taste in diet as a Chamois hunter. He livud chiefly on bread and cheese, and would divert himsquf therewith during the evening in the. Royal Theatre of Turin, while his royal pockets were stuffied with bread crusts and crumbs of gruyere chsese. But the Queen no longer feels equal to 1.111 task of digesting boat’s head, despite the excellent family history of the boar. ; This is always taken from the park at Windsor especially re- served for a group of these animals, direct discendants of some that were once brought from Germany by the long-lamented Prince Consort. VICTORIA'S GRANDSON the Kaiser, who prides himself upon his good taste in a great many mat- ters, prefers feathered game to all other kinds of food, and affects aspe- cial fondness for salmi, or stew, made of thrushes. He does not, how- ever, insist that his thrushes be sent him from Chambery, where the French 50 delectably prepare them with the aid of gin. Tho Kaiser’s charming neighbor, Q'ueet: Wimelmine of Holland, has the appetite of a healthy young peas- ant, and dines always by preference on such substantial dishes as roasted leg of lamb, filet of beef and rump steak, aLl prepared in Fmglish style. At banquets Vi ed no food what abstinence, but I'lrlorh :- Vegetarian: Wilhelm Paul: of Thrush Snlml; “ llhelmlnn of llolv laud len Huglldll‘ (‘ooklngg Ilumbl-rt ol' llnly Dcvours )lnny (animals; The (‘zurk “ninth Wald-r! for I‘Inukod Cod. Probably the Primce of Wales is the most accompiished student of gastro- uomyâ€"the most talented "diner out" â€"o£ all the representatives of mod- ern royal houses, but than he is not a king. And his august mother. Queen of Great Britain and Empress of India, is so far from sharing his epicurian tastes that she practically limiln herself to a vegetarian diet. King Humbert of Italy has an at- fection for Custards, and insists upon having Lhem sweet. His favorite dish is a custard in which the beaten yolks of eggs have received an aromatic fla- vog‘r bx conLact with tea leaves. bar APPETITES 0F ROYALTY. WHAT KINGS AND QUEENS OF THE WORLD LIKE TO EAT. Some sovereigns, ignoring their royal prerogative of being able to in- vite indigestion several times a day without accusation of glunony, con- tent themselves withacuisine of sur- prising modesty. For some years she has even. ab- stained [rom participation in that yearly banquet, which the English royal household regards‘with almost sacred reverenceâ€"the Christmas din- ner. As everybody knows, the three traditional pieces cle resistance of this repasl are the side of an ox, roasted whole:; a boat’s head. and a mammoth woodcock pie To claim that a dish is "fit to set before a king " is no longer accurate- ly descriptive. For kings. nowadays, are whimsical in the matter of gasâ€" tronomy. HIS ENORMOUS MUS’I‘A CHE uwever, only showed the £1 good Russian, for every 5 fish cooked in oil- [~‘aure himself had a mark- ;for ragout of mutton Lemmas. In khe intimacy family he would permit 9 served three times with tor Emmanuek touch- :ver. NoL bec‘uuse of from a consideration