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DISPOSAL OI“ DRAINAGE WATER The topic brings up a question which has frequently occurred to enâ€" terprising land drainers, and at- tempts have been made to use open gravel strata found in some localiâ€" ties beneath the surface for the disâ€" posal of drainage water. There are instances of successful work of this kind, but it has been confined, as far as I know, to the drainage of small areas, perhaps not larger than 20 acres, by means of tile drains, the water from which has been reâ€" Iieved of all sediment by passing through the soil, writes a drainage expert, Mr. C. G. Elliott. In the early practice of drainage in Eng- land, Elkington found in some lo~ calities that he could dispose of soil water by means of boring made to gravel below. It should be said that his peculiar art, for which he became noted, consisted in tapping under- ground water which saturated the soil above it, bringing it to his drains, and leading it away by graâ€" vity to a proper outlet. One difficulty in disposing of water through wells is in ascertaining the capacity and permancy of such an outlet. If a bed of coarse gravel can be found which has some free communication with a surface or underground stream, and drainage water be delivered to it free from sediment, it may be utilized and serve as a lasting and efficient out- let. Many of these underground graVCl beds, however, are in basins which have a considerable reservoir capacity with only a small free out- let. When the reservoir becomes filled, its capacity is limited by the size of its discharge. If, for instance, we discharge into it. 6 cubic feet per second and it can care for only 3 cubic feet per sec- ond, we have an outlet which is in- adequate and soon becomes useless. This condition is apparently enâ€" countered in many of the irrigated sections which depend upon the reser- voir of dry gravel or soil underneath the surface to take care of such Waste water as may pass through the por- ous soil in the process of irrigating to the lowor depths. This gives per- fect relief until the quantity of wa- ter which finds its way into these depths exceeds their capacity, when the work must be supplemented by artificial drainage. DISCHARG E BASINS. The theory is, and it is well susâ€" tained by practice, that where water is pumped from a well which is sup- plied by an undercurrent or vein the same quantity may be discharged in- to it without raising the water surâ€" face of the well. How much more such a well will take is a matter of mere conjecture and must remain so 'until results are obtained by actual trial. I have personal knowledge of a common house well which received and cared for a 2-inch stream of Waste water from pumping Works for four years and was continuing to do so at last account, but the well was within 200 feet of a stream and Was sunk to river gravel. Streams are known which disappear in sand beds or rock crevices and emerge at a. lower level. These instances, as Well as the fact that wells have been occasionally successfully used for small systems of underdrains, indicate that underâ€" ground outlets may be used if they can be found. As is well known, the results of sinking wells in some 10- calities is to bring water toward the surface with such force as to preclude their use for the reception of surlace water. What is known as the dry well sunk into open gravel is the one best suited for the purpose. The problem assumes a more per- plexing nature when we consider the disposal of surface water in large quantities. The uncertainty of the capacity of any subterraneous outlet until it has been ascertained by costâ€" ly experiment, lends but little en- couragement to such undertakings. Especially is this true when we atâ€" tempt to relieve a tract of considerâ€" able area from rainfall which is at times excessive. Logoons and swamps, by reason of their location, usually gather water from a consid- erable area outside of their recognizâ€" ed boundaries, making an outlet with variable flood capacity of prime imâ€" portance. In fact. it is a problem which taxes the skill of engineers to the limit by reason of the varying quantity of rainfall and those climaâ€" tic conditions which occasionally bring about unforseeu contingencies greatly affecting land drainage. DIFFICULTI ES MET. Could an outlet of sufficient caâ€" pacity be secured by means of wells, the difficulty of screening or filter- ing the water so completely that the receiving gravel in the wells would not: become clogged by sediment would be a formidable one. Consid- ering a small lagoon of 5‘30 acres only, it might be necessary to reâ€" move 1 inch in depth oi water each 24 hours for a time from the sur- face. This would require the tilteraâ€" ties. and removal of 1.110.000 cubic. feet of water ‘24 hours. or 173 cubic feet per second. There are l~\catiOiis where at times this Cdpacllf' liliu‘lil he. required. but of i'r-In'sn it is. :1 flood example and should be consid- ered as such. I The rational treatment of such cases where it is desired to utilize underground outlets is to first as- certain if a water-receiving bed can be reached at a practicable depth, and by various tests determine if these wells will care for any consid- erable quantity of Water. A single line of tile might be discharged into a test well and the effect noted. If the result should be encouraging, other Wells could be sunk to the same stratum at several points on the tract which could .be made the outlets for small system of under- drains, the object, of the work being to discharge all drainage water through underdrains into as many separate and scattered outlets as practicable. The service will be more likely to be lasting and efficient if this can be done and the water Will be filtered in the best possible manner. Ilrains which are laid in clay subsoils dis- charge nothing but clear water after they have been laid a month or two and the clay has settled compactly about the film. Where the subsoil is loose or sandy, however, there will always be some silt carried by drain- age water, especially after a heavy rainfall. _â€"nâ€" TURKEY RAISI NGr Have your stock of turkeys on the place by the middle or last of Janu- ary. Never have hens and gobblers of the same flock; make a change so they will not be all related. Inbreedâ€" ing is the cause of lameness and puny turks. As turkeys are shy and apt to hide, keep watch of them suffici- ently to make them select their nests near the house or in some ro- tircd clump of bushes. Let them lav and set on the ground. Take care of the eggs and handle them carefully; turn from one end to the other every few days. Set 17 to 21 eggs under a turkey hen and if there are any left set. them under a chicken hen at the same time. Let the turkey hen have all that are hatched at once. but do not mix them, for if there is one or two weeks’ difference in their ages the older ones will run over the younger ones. Place the young turkeys with their mothers in a quiet place near the old nest. Feed them with curds or bread soaked in milk. Season the food with black pepper once a day at least. They will not eat much the first day. Feed four or five times a day. Let everything be quiet and let them go. Keep other fowls away from them. Give them plenty of range, as they will not bear conâ€" finement. They are the easiest poulâ€" try raised and will pay for them- selves in bugs destroyed. In the fall feed whole grains and change as for other fowls. i WHEN TO PICK FRUIT. There is an opinion held by many growers that apples keep better if they are picked before they are ripe, and as a result the fruit is often picked and packed before it is fully grown. Tests in cold storage show that fruit that has not been allowed to become fully grown on the trees is usually damaged to a considerable extent by scald, and that it is also shrivels somewhat. For the best reâ€" sults the fruit should be ripe, but not what is termed "dead ripe." If overripe it does not keep well in cold storage, and should not be used for exhibition purposes. 0 SOLDIERS WHO LIVED LON-G. It is not always true that war shortens life. The sole survivor of the Greek war of independence is said to be 105 years old, and the last survivors of wars have often reached a much greater age. Sir Joseph Fayrer, one of the king‘s physicians has spoken to a man who fought in the battle of Buxar, which took place in 1764. William Gillesâ€" pie, who saved the colors at Preston Pans, and is on the roll of Chelsea pensioners, died in Dunifries at 102, and the last survivor of the capture of Gibraltar lived to be 115. Thom- as Wimms, who died in 1791, near Tuan, in Ireland, had fought. in the battle of Londonderry in 1701, and Phoebe Hessel, the Amazon. who rm ceivcd a bayonet wound at Fontenoy in 1745, lived to be 108, recoiving a pension from the private purse of George IV. until her death. A vet.- eran of Culloden drew a pension for sixty years, and died aged 106, and a man whose horse was shot under him at Edgehill in 1642 died ninety- four years later, aged 113. There is now no survivor of Waterloo, but Madame Givron, of Viesville, "lininâ€" ault, saw the ground drenched with blood, and Kapolcau riding if in u .a dream . _â€"â€"+â€"â€"â€"â€"â€" | SUBMARINE INVENTIHNS. A remarkable invention has been adopted by the English admiralty, the effect of which is to increase the ‘efliciency of British submarines. At’ present the radius of submarine atâ€" ltacks is restricted, owing to the ’ditliculties of ventilation and the carrying of fuel, but experiments lviiirrant the belief that the new subâ€". marines will be able to travel iniâ€"1 mouse distances with disastrous efâ€"‘ ;fects on the ports of an enemy. The? lexisting submarine flea of Britain is |not, however, rendered obsolete. Oni ,the contrary, it can easily be, adaptâ€"A led to utilize the new discovery. Thel inventor is n Britiin officer well kuop‘u for his briiiant capabilities, The most remarkable feature in his design is its extreme simplicity IKâ€" .tz=.ils of the invention are, of course, withheld by the admiralty. i abe Iz;:i Ix’odafstyâ€"135â€"of Moscow, rllussiu, and the oldest Woman Mrs. Nancy llollifieldâ€"Il'iâ€"oi Battle ‘A frice n traveller l HL 0F HAPES No Happiness Is Attainable Man Short of Perfect Obedience. for A London journal informs us that a Dr. Paul Valentin is about to start a school of happiness in that city. Nothing could be more popuâ€" lar, provided the public felt sure Ilr. Valentin could deliver the goods, for of all things people are after in this tear-stained world, happiness is the chief. There are a great many ex; cellent persons, it is true, who say that they are not after happiness, but that they strive to do right as their supreme aim. An irrepressible doubt suggests that perhaps they do not fully understand their deepest motivbs. Picture to these people, as the ultimate result of their struggle for goodness, 3 Daiiich\ie Inferno with all its horrors of suffering, and it is a question if they would be so ambitious. The fact is, they are striving to be good in order that they may be supremely happy under the very profound and just impresâ€" sion that the only way to be happy is to be good. They discard all other kinds of happiness such as worldly gain, sensuous gratification, or even intellectual accomplishment, V Wouldn't 301103 I “I wouldn't belie“ t . ‘ FW‘ is n cure for ‘ m; awake at ht mm b bowlful o ‘ Fom‘ m , and 3:43;) and 1 friends I; n. f '. . All a! ht he'd toss about Lad Tia “ ForceJ’ The Ready-to-Berve Cereal A; makes one chummy ’ with good sleep. or First. it. but us In. Now I at before going to mes?“ .1;-4;'».-2-':.:_-., ,. _ - .. pl: - Jim Dumps had scorcer slept I wink, t ink. But that's all pastwhe’ll ne'er endure Insomnia. He’s found a cure] At night, when lights are dim, It soothes the nerves of “ Sunny Jim.” edit: 5 is on German-African ground, and which give a measure of happiness, in ordervto attain that inner satisâ€" faction of the oinnipotent MORAL CONSCIOUSNESS. With the sense of having done right men have been known to be happy amid the most adverse outward cirâ€" cumstances. Without that sense. men have been known to be niost miserable with every Worldly want supplied. This fact is no more or no less mysterious than the pleasure one has in feeling physically well. A certain harmonious interplay of the bodily functions we call health. A certain harmonious interplay of the spiritu- al functions we may call moral health. When a men acts in accord with moral law, he is morally well, and the supreme satisfaction he feels is happiness. And as the moral law is the most insistent. most perempâ€" tory, and takes precedence of all else, no happiness is attainable for man short. of perfect obedience. To the Christian consciousness the moral law is but the expression of the will of God, and the will of God is but the expression of the infinite love. It was this conviction that led St. Augustine. at the beginning of his Confessions, to exclaim: “Thou hast made us, 0 God. for thyself and we shall not rest until we rest in Thee.” INFINITE FROG RESSION. It is this high goal aimed at by St. Augustine that makes men unâ€" happy, although they know it not. There is something infinite about man that can be satisfied only by the best. All his trouble comes from not knowing what the best is. When a child he thinks the best. is making mud pics, or playing sol- dier, and when a man. making a for- tune or ruling a kingdom. But he is only happy for a time; he is hapâ€" py in spots. Soon the inner rest- lessness drives him on, a divine dis~ content possesses him. His most faâ€" tal error is to suppose that he ought to be contented. In reality his na- ture demands progression. and every attainment is but a steppingvstone in an unending series. In a sense, then. man cannot be happy in this world, for it is too small for his infinite ambition. In another sense he can, and the simple secret is to work steadily toward the ideal. To make a little advance from time to time is a necessary eleâ€" ment of happiness. Often we are shut out from health. from Worldly fortune, two most desirable bless- ings; but no man is shut out from learning some valuable truth each day. or making some moral conâ€" quest. however small. He shall be like the ancient Pilgrims of Israel of whom the Psalmist said: "They go from strength to strength. every one of them to appear in Zion before God.”â€"The Week‘s Progress. PERSONAL POINTERS. Interesting Gossip About Some Prominent People. The exâ€"Enipress Eugene still cherâ€" ishes a true Spaniard's taste for strong perfumes, her favorites being lemon, verbena, and sandal-wood. The oldest man on earth is said to Creek, Michigan. King Edward is the first King of Great Britain and Ireland'who has ever ttravelled on an Irish railway. When George IV. visited Ireland mi 1821 there were no railways. presented it to the Emperor. Queen Alexandra has a favorite teapot. which is often in use when the Queen is at Sandringham. It is exceedingly curious. very old, and is said to be of prionless value. The teapot is in the shape of a stout Dutchman sitting astride a barrel of wine. The old man's cap serves for a lid, and a gold tap lets out the favorite five o'clock beverage. Signora Rina Monti recalls the golden age of learning for Italian women. She is the first woman in modern times to be appointed to a. University chair in Italy. the chair of, zoology and compara- tive anatomy at Messina, and that of professor extraordinary of com- parative anatomy at Bologna. A London girl, Miss Nora Stanâ€" ton Blatch, two years ago entered Cornell University, N. Y., to take up a course of instruction in engin- eering, being the only woman amongst the graduates so studying. So thorough has been her training that she included forge work in it, and actually took her place at one of the college blacksmith’s twenty forg- es. King Alfonso ture, rather had a. little advenâ€" unusual with Soverâ€" eigns, the other day. His Majesty was walking in the Prado, when a. bullock broke from a herd that was being driven and, tearing away at full gallop. showed every disposition to use its horns among the pedestriâ€" ans and equipages. There was a regular stampede, but the King showed his spirit, and, drawing'his revolver, brought the beast down with two or three swiftly-delivered shots. Mr. Auberon Herbert is a. younger son of the third Earl of Carnarvon. He is ofa gentle, philosophic naâ€" ture, for whom nobody has an unâ€" kind word. Every year he gives a free tea lasting three days, to which thousands gladly flock, at his place near Bournemouth, England. The first two days are. for tradespeople and farmers, and the third for the gipsies, but anyone who likes can go. The tea. is served in a beautiful glade in his grounds. and there are music and dancing, while the patri- archalâ€"looking host goes round among his guests seeing that they are having plenty of refreshment and enjoyment. Lord Brampton tells the following story of the days before he became Mr. Justice Hawkins. His first brief was to defend one of two men chargâ€" ed with coining; and when they Were placed in the dock he overheard a brief colloquy between them. Coiner No. 1. told his comrade that he was to be defended by a very good man. Coiner No, 2 said he also was deâ€" fended. He did not know the gentleâ€" man's name. "but"â€"indicnting Mr. Hawkinsâ€"he added, admiringly, "he's a smart ’un. When I handed over the fee he put the thick 'un"â€"â€"-i.e., sovereignâ€"“between his teeth and bit it. He's the chap for my mou- eyl" The yearly expenses of the Sultan of Turkey have been estimated at no less a sum than 830.000.000. Of this $6500.00) alone is spent on the clothing of the women, and $100,000 on the Sultan’s own wordâ€" robe. Nearly another $6.50HJJOU is swallmved up by presents, $5,000,â€" 000 goes for pocketâ€"money, and still another $5,000,000 for the table. It seems incredible that so much money can possibly be spent in a year by one man. but when it is remembered that some 1,500 people reside withâ€" ‘in the palace walls. and live luxuri- ously and dress expensively at the cost of the Civil List, it appears a little more comprehensible. Sir Donald Currie, even as a child, made up his mind to be a great owner of ships some day, and by way of preparing himself for his fuâ€" ture responsibilities he inade a fleet of toy boats which Was the envy and despair of his boy friends. The German Emperor uses as a paperâ€"weight on his writingâ€"desk the 'sunimit‘oi one of the highest moun- Ilr. But-liner, an of some fume. broke the piece of rock from the highest point of Mount Kiliiua-Njaro, which talus of Africa. The Czar of Russia is said to . ,very superstitious and to havu great {confidence in relics. lie wean iring in which he believes is embedâ€" 1(led a piece of the true Cross. It was originally one of the treasures of the Vatican. and was presented to an ancestor of the Czar for diplomaâ€" ,tie reasons. The value which lowner sets upon the ring with its gembedded relic is shown by the fol- 'lowing fact. Some years ago he was :travelling from St. Petersburg to ilfoscow when he Suddenly diszoxcrcd She has1 be . a , its. one room, that he had forgotten the ring. The. train was stopped immediately .and' a special messenger sent, back in an express for it, nor would the. Czar‘ allow the train to move until, eight hours afterwards. the messenger re- turned with the ring. i Irishmen with a full brogue found a friend in Mr. G. T. Cline, who has just died at Chicago. He was a milâ€" lionaire recluse and miser. but had the one “vice” of spending money to hear Irishmen talk. He would purâ€" chase drink for them, and so set their ready tongues wagging more furiously than ever. After the World’s Fair Mr. Cline bought a. hotel of seventyâ€"five rooms, and liv- ed there alone. He occupied only but had all the others furnished. Under his bed he kept eight violins, among them an Amati‘ worth $1,500. He played-the violin' almost constantly day and night dur-‘ ing the last ten years. Mr, Cline must have had a rare soul for music' when he would lavish pence on an, Irishman’s tongue and play his fidâ€" die to stave off the pangs of hunger,‘ for he allowed himself only $3 a month for food. ; ,â€"_+___._ HOW TO DO IT. I “I noticed," said the druggist to his assistant, "that a gentleman came in with a prescription, and that you took it and gave him the stuff in about three minutes. What do you mean by that?" "'It was only carbolic acid and water," replied the assistant. “I simply ' had to pour a few drachms of acid into the bottle and fill it up with water." "Never mind if you had only to do that," the druggist declared. "Don’t you know that every prescription must take at least half an hour to dispense or the customer will think he isn’t getting anything for his money? ’ “When a prescription for salt and Water or peppermint and cough syrup is handed to you. you must look at it doubtfully, as if it were very hard to make up. Then you must bring it to me, and we will both read it and shake our heads. After that you go back to the customer and ask him if he wants it toâ€"day. When he says he does, you answer that you‘ll make a speCial effort. “Now, a patient appreciates a pro scription that there has been sc much trouble over, and when he takes it he derives some benefit from it. But don't you do any more of that three-minute prescription, my hey, if you 'Want to become a first- class druggist." As riches and favor forsake a man. we discover him to be a fool, but nobody could find it out in his pros- perity.â€"â€"-Bru,vere. («f‘vZ’IT’II‘fi'B‘#7573343}??? ~ #4? a «‘7‘: _~. “7â€". By soothing and subdulng the pain. that“; the way u- ( cféiéfia‘fié ‘5?! .?-\,. a; s '( cu'u Silents 9i Cures Neuraig’ia Price, 255:. and 60:. .v "s. 7:”: ‘ ’i».i :I. WM ‘ message-alum» 't’é’mfi’x 4c ' :{M an 'n. .i 7 ¢.'. fr! .1 ,1 / l l K