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[Mn McEvoy will write for this pa‘er a Series of letters from t e west. They will appear from time to time un- do: the above heading, and will give a picture of the great Canadian west from then/standpoint of a. young Ontario man going out there to make hisway. These let- ters should be full of inte.est for every Ontario fathom] Since I wrote you from Winnipeg I have left the prairies behind me. To‘ day, about forty~flve miles before reach- ing Calgary, 1 had my first sight of the Rocky Mountains. They lay low along the Western horizon, like clouds. The only way you could tell they were not, olouds was because they did not change their shape. On the prairies I saw In- dians, looking very civilised with their Bain waggons, cowboys, and mounted policemen. but I must tell everything in its turn. Before I go any further, I want to ask you to be sure to send me the newspaper from home. I feel just like Bill Dodson. whom I met in 'Winuipeg. He was telling me that. whenever he got a paper from home, it was just. like meet- ing an old friend, because it told him all about the folks he knew. His father gave him a subscription for a year as a Christmas present, and he said he couldn't have haul anything that would have pleased him more. If I decide to stay out here, and anybody at home should want to give me something ‘for Christmas, they might think about. this. bon't wait till Christmas to send me the paper. though, please. My Dear Dad :â€" Say. Dad, if you saw the threshing machines that were round the railroad aidings at Winnipeg waiting to be ship- ped to the prairies you wouldn‘t wonder that people in the west boom their coun~ try. These machines, loaded on flat cars, or standing like batteries of guns wait- ing to be shipped, reminded me of the South African warpictures of shipping guns and ammunition to the front. There is just as much hustle here. At the sta- tion, all along the line, are more ma.- chines waiting to be unloaded. and empty box cars are being collected on the sid- ings to move the crop out. Everybody says that it is to be a bumper crop this LETTERS OF A SON IN THE MAKING TO HIS DAD. A SAFE INVESTMENT BANK OF IMONTREAL BUILDING YOMEANDQWENME “ TORONTO S E C U R l T I E S CORPORATION 11 A bond offers to the investor a safe, sane, and profitable investment. 11 Safe because it is a first mortgage on the en- tire assets of the corpora- tion issuing the bond. 1i Sane because bonds are saleable at any time. 'J Profitable because they pay [a higher rate of interest than any other investment that offers equal security. I] We would like to send you our literature on bonds as investments, just send us your address, it will not cost you any- thing. ROYAL BONDS Calgary, Aug. 27th, 1911 LIMITED â€"â€"Ily REX McEVOY year, and bigger than ever before. What you can see from“3 the tiain certainly looks good. They have got cutting well under way now. It's funny the way the towns out west advertise. You frequently come to towns where sign boards have been erected at the stations telling of the advantages the towns have to offer settlers. Back at Port Arthur they had an attractive little one-story brick building. what is called a kiosk, which is a. bureau of in- formation. At Fort William there was a. big sign: “Fort William the Pulse of the Dominion: the bulk of East and West trafl'lc passes through this town." There is another big sign there, but‘there is so much crowded on it, and the print was so small that I could not read it from the train. Indian Head is another piece that advertises in this way. On one side of the track is the sign: “In- dian Head, Saskatchewan‘s Beauty Spot. Good land $20 to $50 per acre." Across the track on the other side is a sign which reads. “Dominion Government forest nursery. 480 acres, one mile from town: Distributed annually, 3,000,000 trees free to settlers. Visitors can inspect at any time." You would think that it these towns wanted to advertise they would do it in Ontario papers. Of course. thousands of people read the signs by the railroad track, but by the time they see them they have tickets to their des- tination and are not likely to stop off. Out from Winnipeg the country is as flat as a table. and the horizon is as straight as the edge or a ruler. It sur- prised me to find out that between Winni- peg and Portage La Prairie, which is fifty-six miles west, there is a. rise of 100 feet. Portage has a population of 7,000, and. is quite a, town, and one of Manitoba's principal grain markets. There are elevators there, of course, and from there west for a long way there are elevators at. all the stations. There will be two. or three elevators at each station, belonging to different companies. To a new-comer_ from Ontario these ele- vators, so many 'of them, are strange, and they are all the more noticeable because the country'is so flat and there are no big trees. The elevators can be seen for miles. At Brandon I laid eyes on the first Northwest Mounted policeman I ever saw. They wear red coats. just like those of the dragoons we saw in Toronto. and cow-boy hats. It is said that the red coats were made part of the uniform of the police by Sir John Macdonald’ because the Indians among whom the police had their most difficult work always looked on the soldiers of the Queen as their friends. A red-coat would be trusted where anyone else would meet only dis- trust and suspicion. The most promin- ent building. from the Brandon station. is a seed warehouse, and this is another indication of the character of the West. And the fact that they go in for agri. culture wholesale is shown by the adver- tisements to be seen offering “plowing engines" for sale. The plowing is done by engines on the big farms. Out on the prairies I saw great big galvanized iron tanks, which I thought must be for hold- ing gasoline for running the plowing e11- gines. but a man on the train said that these were portable granaries into which the grain is put as it is threshed, until it can be taken in to the elevators. My. the prairies are lonely. You can look from the train window and get a wide sweep for miles and miles, and per- haps there will only be one house in the whole landscape. And there are no fences to show that anybody has made their home there. The rail fences, such as we have about the old place, you never see out here; wood is too scarce. Why, the only place about which there was a fence in some of the towns was the lumber- yard, and this was sure to be protected with a high fence. Wood is so valuable that they say people lock their kindling ‘in safes before going to bed. By-bye for the present. Your loving son, Color half with fruit coloring. After dividing the above mixture add to the colored part juice of one le-- mon; to the white part add one teaspoon of vanilla. Wet; rm mold and fill with alt-ornate lagers of white and pink. When cold serve with whipped cream. Marshmallow Cream.â€"One tableâ€" spoon Knox gelatin, dissolved in cold water. Add one cup boiling water afterward, one cup sugar. Beat whites of four eggs stiff. Then add gelatin and beat until stiff. JIM MAKING SAFE INVESIMENTS "YIELD" ON BONDS DEPENDS ON TIME Explanation of This Important Point of Great Importanceâ€"Not Like Stocks Which are Never-Repaid and Therefore In the first of this series it was shown that, “distribution of risk" is an import- ant principle of investment. It is a. very simple one, however, involving no very contused ideas. There is anomer princi- ple to be borne in mind when making m- vestments which is of no less importance. bgit it is, however, considerably less ob- v1ous.to those whose investment experi- ence 18 emailâ€"and even to many-who should understand its actions thoroughly. This is the principle of investment "in accordance with actful requirements.” Not long ago a. financial paper stated, quite correctly, that a high return on an investment should always be looked upon with suspicion. This, however must not be taken to mean that such a stock as Dominion Bank, which pays 12 per cent. per annum is decidedly past the danger mark and should be avoided. Of course. the person who figures this out in this way quite misses the point. “The rate of income” or “return” on an in- vestment depends on the rate of divi- dend, to be sure, but it is quite a dif- ferent thi‘ng altogether.‘ For example, take the case of a stock paying 12 per cent. The investor will have to pay at least $200 a. share for this stock. But the dividend is figured on the par-or face~value of the shares. which is $100. Therefore the returnon the $200 invest- ment is $12 per year. or $6 on every hundred investedâ€"what is. 6 per cent. This is what, was referred to in a pre- vious article, when “rate of income” was given as one of the pointsâ€"the second in importanceâ€"Jae be consideredxin chasing an investment. Anyone who has ever bought bonds may sometimes wonder why two different is- sues of the bonds of some particular city sell at quite different prices. The se- curity is exactly the same, the rate of interest identical; the only! qifiereuce, probably. is That. one bond may be pay- able in ten years and the other in twen- ty. It is this last feature that aflects the price. What difference could that make? you ask. Suppose a 5 per cent. $1,000 bond with ten years to run sells at_1081-4. .'L‘he owner will receive $50 a year on an in- vestment of $1,082.50. In such circum- stances a stockwwhich is never repaidâ€"- would net the investor about 41-2 per cent. The bond is different, however. The investor pays $1,082.50 for the bond, which in ten years is paid off at $1.000. So he must save enough out of his in. come each year to replace the $82.50 of ca- pital thus lost. That is to say, he must lay away in each year of the’ten which his bond has to run, the sum ol‘ $6.30, vdiich, at compound interest, will amount to the $82.50 by the time the bond ma.- tures. Therefore, ‘the investor can only consider $43.50 of his annual interest of $50 as legitimate income. and, dividing $43.30 by $1,082.50 we find that this amounts to 4 per cent. on the sum of $1,082.50 invested. Therefore, a 5 per cent. bond, with ten years to run, selling at 1081-4 “yields” 4 per cent. Remember, the amount raurned is, of course great- er than 4 per cent. but the half of 1 per cent. in excess of that rate is really re- payment of a part of the invested ca- pital; in installments. ' Now. in the case of stocks, as we see above, this is a very simple matter to understand. When we consider bonds. however, there is considerably more to be taken- into account. On the other hand, where, a similar bond sells below par, the'process is re~ versed. For example, a 4 per cent. bond selling at 90, with ten years to run, “yields” the investor 5.5 per cent., where- as. a 4 per cent. stock selling at 90, re- turns but 4.4 on the investment. The reason, of cour'se. is this: In ten years the bond is repaid at par of $1,000 and cost, but $900, therefore, to every $40 of interest must he added the part of that $100 profit which will be received at the time the bond is repaid, and of which, in the “yield” account is thus taken. So. in buying bonds or other forms of mortgage or debentures which are pay- able on a fixed date. the element of time is a most important one. In such a case the “rate of income" is not as simple to estimate as is often supposed, as we have just seen. Bond dealers, of course, do not have to bother working out these details, for there are books of tables compiled in which the figures for all values, rates and times are given, and most bond dealers have a supply of small books of this sort which they supply to their customers. Indeed. in bond selling, in many cases, bonds are sold on the basis of their "yield," and the price not figured out until the transaction is completed. There- fore. it is necessary to understand how this is figured out before buying, or one may bg disappointed. For instance, a man might buy Electrical Development Company bonds at 87 on the open market Time Not Considered in Reckoning Re- turnâ€"Some Interesting Illustrations. BOND HAS TO RUN BEFORE (By “Investor") MATURITY. under the impressiqn that as they “yield.” 6 per cent. his income will be 6x$87, or $52.20 a year, whereas as they are 5 per cent. bonds he gets but 650 on each thousand, as he will have to wait. till the bonds mature, 22 years hence, for the $130, which represents the addi- tional $2.20 he expected'and didn't get. The $130, of course. is the profit derived from buying the bonds for $870 and having them redeemed at. $1,000. Don’t, forget, thereforg. when reckon- ing the rate of income on a security to find outâ€"if it is a. bondâ€"how long it has to run. KEEPING WARM IN THE YUKON Problem 0! Heating When Mercury is 70 Degrees Below Zero. The winters in the Yukon terrii tory are from seven to eight months long, during an least five of which the thermometer ranges from zero to 70 degrees below. The larger number of buildings are frame, and the price of wood, principally soft) spruce, is $10 to $15 a, cord. Con- sequently different schemes have been devised in order to take ad- vantage of «as much of the heating capamty of a. cord of wood as pos- sible. The general custom has been to have the pipe run direct to the roof, a great percentage of the heat beâ€" ing thus lost through the pipe. It remained for a. local merchant to oVercome this to some extent. Sheet iron drums from 2 to 4 feet in diameter and from 4 to 8 feet in height, with a, partition down the centre to within a, short distance of therbottom, are now used. The pipe from the stove enters the top of the drum on one side of the partition and directly on the other side of the partition another pipe is connected leading to the flue; the smoke must consequently follow down one sideof the drum and up the other in order to escape. The pipe where it%nte1~s the arum may be too hot to permit the hand to rest thereon, while where it leaves the drum it is barely warm, and when the smoke leaves the chimney it contains very little heat. The stoves used here for heating purposes are made of sheet iron and known as airtight heaters. In some cases these are purchased on the outside, having cast tops and baser, but they are principally manufactâ€" ured in Dawson entirely from sheet 1ron. These drums in some cases are placed immediately next to the stove and in others as far as thirty feet distant, according to the size of the room. They are also placed in different rooms from that which contains the stove, and in some cases on the second floor. In this way a. great heating surface is ob- tained and at least 50 per cent. more heat besides the distribution of the heat throughout the house, while the fire in the stove need not be so hot. r It has also added to pro~ tection from fire, as the pipe is not hot where it goes through the roof. The one disagreeable feature is the collection of creosote, which formerly was largely consumedby the intense heat of the smoke as it left the pipe. This has been over- come by making the bottom of the drum drain toward a hole in the centre, permitting the creosote to run into a. pan placed below for that purpose. As much as from one to four gallons of this creosote will collect in twenty-four hours, acâ€" cording to the size of the stove. So far no use has been found locally for this creosote, with the exception of a small amount used by gardenâ€" ers for the destruction of plant in- sects and worms. The drum being built within six inches of the floor, draw a certain amount of the cold air from the floor of the'room and carries it off. In the operation of canning and preserving. in almost every other function of housekeeping, the “get- ting ready” is the most important thing and begins-far in advance of the actual canning day. .,0me notes made last season will give CANNING HINTS. FOR MAKING SOAP, SOFTENING WATER, REMOVING PAIN T, DISINFECTING SINK$. CLOS ETS , D RA! NS . ETC. SOLD EVERYWHERE REFUSE SUBSTITUTES knowledge as to when fruits and vegetables are to be expected, so that time and provision may be made for them. As the various cans and glasses have been emp- tied, if they have been washed and covers carefully fitted before put- ting away, much annoyance and ex- pense will be spared. If the appe- tites 0f the family have been ob- served it will not be advisable to put up much of the unpopular va- rieties. Kettlesâ€"which have never been used for any other purpose than preservingâ€"spoons, forks, knives, Skimmers, dippers, funnels, jelly bags, fruit press, strainers, scales, measures are all necessary imple- ments (others will be individually required) and should be in a. state of perfect order and cleanliness. Have enough suitable jars, cans, glasses, etc., with rubbers, tops, and covers at hand; plenty of para: tfin, labels, cloths for wiping and handling utensils, and the labors of the preserving season will not plunge you into nervous prostra- tion. Heat sugar jellies in tho oven before adding to the fruit juice. Procure the Lest fruits and vege- tables. each at "the crest of its sea- son. Prices are lowest then and there is less waste. Overripe fruits never make good preserves or jelv lies. ‘ A wise cook never tries a strange' recipe if she has one which shn has tested and found satisfactory} Twstes differ and an untried recipe may prove disastrous. Do not cover while cooking unless you want trouble. ' ' Have receptacles standing in hot water'when the hot mixtures are put into them. ‘Seal perfectly. Leave standing where you can observe them for a few days. r granulated sugar for all pre-j serves, jellies, and jalms; light‘ brown sugar fgr spiceflhf-ruits. “So I gave up coffee altogether and began to use Postum. In ten days I, found myself greatly improv- ed, my nerves steady, my head clear, my kidneys working better and better, my heart’s action rap-zl idly improving, my appetite im-1 proved and the ability to eat; a; hearty meal without subsequent suffering restored to me. And this' condition remains. “At that time 1 was healthy and enjoyed life. At first I noticed no bad effects from the indulgence, but in course of time found that various troubles were coming upon me. “Palpitation of the heart took unto itself sick and nervous head- aches, kidney troubles followed and eventually my stomach became so deranged that even a light meal caused me serious distress. “Our physician’s prescriptions failed to help me and then I dosed myself with _p_atqpt medicincg _till I “Finally I began to suspect that coffee was the cause of my troubles. I experimented by leaving it off, except for one small cup at breakâ€" fast. This helped some, but did not; altogether relieve my distress. It satisfied me, however, that I was on the right track. “Leaving off coffee and using; Postum did this, with no help from! drugs. as I abandened the use ofI medicines when I began to use the: food drink.” Name given by P034 tum C0., Battle Creek, Mich. Ever read the above letter?’ A new one' appears from time to tlme. They are1 genuine. true. and full of human Interese.‘ “There’s a reason,” and it is ex- plained in the little bpok, “The Road to Wellville,” in pkgs. Many a fellow is so close fisted that he will keep everything except his promises. 1‘ “In 1890 I began to drinkfioffee: thorouglily disgusted and hope- F0 U‘ND RIG HT PATH. After :1 False Start.