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WHY THE BANKER AND FARMER 3mm) BUILD UP THE HWE TOWN TEAM WORK IS NEEDED AMONGST THE BUSINESS MEN Strong Plea for 3 Movement to be Inaugurated by Bankers and Business Men for the Bridging of the Gulf Between the Town People and the Farmer. There are at least twice as many people living in our smaller cities, towns and villages as live in our fifty great cities. The home market of our farming population living about these smaller cities and towns is just twice as great as the city markets. Yet we hear much that would lead one to be- lieve that all of the people in this country to be fed by the producers on the farm are to be found in the great centres where the high cost of living seems now, more than ever, the one great thing talked about, and to be considered. Yet, the home market of the farmer is his largest and best market, right at his door where he can bring his produce every working day in the year and sell it to the con- sumer direct, without the intervention of any middleman whatsoever, and secure therefor every cent without any profit of commission to any mid- dleman whatsoever. In these nine states, Wisconsin, Missouri, Iowa, Indiana, Michigan, New York, Illinois, Ohio and Pennsyl- vania, 6,956 towns have lost popula- tion, notwithstanding the fact that the population of the whole country in- creased in the decade covered, 21 per cent. Out of the 78 county seats in these nine states, 217, or nearly 23 per cent. of them, have lost popula- tion, though the county seat is in many ways the centre of most of the activities of the county unit along the line of politics, courts, collection of taxes and in other directions. And, strange to say, this tendency of the decline of the towns is greatest in the richest and most thickly settled part of the states. What does this mean to you and to me, and to all of the forty million people living in these towns? It means this, a continued loss of busi- ness; it means depreciation in proâ€" perty values in these towns; it'means a depreciation in farm land value, for the better the town the higher the value there is to the land because of its proximity to the town; it means less deposits in your banks; it means that you will have less money to lend to the farmer and to the business man; it means the boys are not going to stay in the towns; it means that the boy is not going to stay on the farm unless the town afi‘ords some attraction; it means economic ruin to many of our best interests; it means increased problems for the country and states in matters of handling our social and political problems in our great cities; it means concentration of business of every kind in the great centres; it means the downfall of the small business man and the small banker; it means socialism. (By J. R. Moorehead, in the Farmer.) What are we as bankersf nd busi- nessmen, going to do about it? What does your home town most need? First of all, it needs team work, co- operation, first amongst bankers and business men, and second, by all of these and the farming communities about us. There are too many bank- ers and business men in these towns who are disloyal to each otherâ€"a lack of confidence exists. Competition and business rivalry have tended to make enemies of us, rather than friends and co-workers. The local drygoods man cannot supply the wants of the banker’s wife and family because his stock is not fine enough, hence they trade by mail or visit the department store. Let me remind such a one that “a town that is good enough to live in is good enough to spend your money in." If you cannot spend your money where you make it you are sucking the life blood our of our town and you ought to move. The lumberman and the hardware mer- chant a’nd their families are just as often guilty of the same practice, and then they wonder why the town does not improve, and their business pros- per. What inducement, let me ask, for example, is there for the local dry goods store to carry in stock goods fine enough for the banker’s, the lumber-man's, and the hardware mer- chant‘s family? None whatever. This being often the case, how can the a country newspaper in this state, when he said: “If you spend your money where you get it, you will be able to get it where you spend it.” The second great movement that lumberman’s, and the hardware merâ€" chant’s family? None whatever. This being often the case, how can the banker expect the merchant, whose note he holds, to meet his obligations if there is taken away from him the only means whereby he may be able to meet themâ€"his profits on goods sold to his neighbors. ’ The whole question is summed up in and stated in the following from one who was at one time the editor of Banker-I should be inaugurated by the bankers land business men is that of bridging I5 many 1 the gulf which exists between the ‘ town people and the farmer. It might cities,‘ our fifty; be to the advantage of perhaps one 'person in ten thousand in this coun- :t f our: . ,utothese ‘ try to have this gulf made Wider, but st twice: no more. There are many of our Yet welfal‘mel‘s. and some living in tovvns, le to be_‘ who have been educated to believe in this1 that the home merchant is a thief and ucers on ; a l‘Obbel‘, and that the local banker IS be great l "0 less guilty of sharp practices than )f living; the loan shark of our cities. Thous- the one‘ 'mds of them do not even give the i to be‘ borne merchants a chance to supply arket oflthell‘ Wants. (No wonder the home nd bestl merchant does not carry the stock in 'here he Slze and quality to meet the demands of some of our communities. How Workmg can he? and why Sho‘fld he?) Flag on“- to us and to their own town, but it is iour duty to coâ€"operate to stifle every :movement working to augment this effort to take the trade of the farmer away from his home town. We should enlist every influence to join with us. There is a great quartet of interest iin this country, which, if they could be brought together, and in the end they will when conditions become ripe. would work wonders for the good of ‘all. I refer to the bankers and the ibusiness men of the towns, the farm gpress and the country paper. The movement inaugurated by the ‘bankers, looking to coâ€"operation with other interests in the upbuilding and increasing of efficiency of the farm. is the great movement of the day. It will not succeed at the expense of the 1millions of people and particularly lmerchants and bankers located in the towns and smaller cities. They are vitally interested and should become a part and parcel of a great joint movement that will increase the pro- Iductive ability of our farmers. You 'cannot hope to accomplish this inâ€" ‘crease by in any way crippling that great body of our people who are the nearest to, and the only ‘ones to whom the farmers as a class go to, and de- pend upon for assistance and coâ€"oper- ation in times of extremity. It is the .problem of to-day, that of feeding this nation, which is already a con- .suming rather than a producing one. To this cause the merchants and ibusiness men of the towns pledge their earnest support. There are more than a million of them. They ;ask in return reciprocity on the part I of our neighbors and farmers in order lthat peace, happiness and prosperity imay be the portion of all alike. They send the money away when they have the cash, and the home mere chant is only of use and benefit when the crops fail' and when the price is so low that they hold for a higher, and in the meantime the merchant be- comes the banker, in that he lends his goods without interest and often bor- rows the money from you in order to perform this service. Our farmer friends, our neighborsâ€"best friends -â€"have become estranged from us. and the imaginary line between the country and the town is a barrier to the prosperity and the co-operation, and to the good of all. In solving this problem we will not have to work upon all of our farmer friends and our neighbors, most of them are loyal Our fourth great aim should be, in order to preserve ourselves, our com- munities and those about us, to be- come community builders. Community builders to the extent of blotting out the corporate limits, extending the in- fluence of the commercial club and the business organizations to cover the country surrounding. It has been my privilege the most of my life to live in a community which to a large extent has accomplished this thing. We have found out by co-operation on the part of the bankers and the business men that the farming community about us was in hearty sympathy with every effort to meet conditions in and out of town, and where I have lived, and what we as merchants and bankers have done is being repeated through- out the country. Many towns have‘ become awakened to the situation; they are inviting co-operation; they are seeking light; they are spending money; they are doing everything that is possible in their power to promote the feeling of friendship, and coâ€"operation with all classes. Logical. “Now, Pat, tell the class why words have roots.” “I guess, ma’am, that’s the only way the language could grow.” Over one-half of all the women in England between the ages of fifteen and fortyâ€"five are unmarried. It must not be forgotten that a great many of our Canadian soldiers are from Quebec and do not speak a word of English. Lying dangerously near death in an English hospital with nobody near them with whom to con- verse, they are truly in a deplorable condition. The ladies of the Quebec Red Cross have put themselves in touch with their French Canadian compatriots, and some of the letters they have received are not far from pathetic. “Dear madam.” writes one soldier from a London hospital, “I received your letter this morning, and it gave me infinite pleasure, especially since you write in French. for I can read English only with the greatest diffi- culty. You ask me whether I need anything. All that I need is that you write to me again." Another says, in reply to a lady who wrote to him: “Pardon me if I have not answered immediately. I have been very ill and cannot sit up in bed. I cannot write with my right hand, and it is with great difficulty I write this with my left. I am very happy to have news from a French Canadian lady. If only I were with you we could talk together. I do not speak a word of English, and I am the only Canadian in this hospital." Such being the case with a good many Canadian soldiers, our French Cana- dian Red Cross workers are indeed to be congratulated for their charitable enterprise in writing to the wounded. The great majority of the Red Cross branches in Canada have been organ- ized since the beginning of the war. A cursory inspection of the annual reports, which are available, show a record of Red Cross achievement which is not confined to any one sec- tion of the country, but extends over all the provinces. A Year’s Red Cross \Vork in Canada. The last monthly report of the Hali- fax branch records recent contribu- tions of $5,500 and addition to the membership of 71 active members and 14 life members. During the month shipments were made of nearly 120 bales. An idea of the expansion of the work in Montreal can be gathered from the report of the surgical deâ€" partment. Last January the shipâ€" ments were 15 cases. each containing 450 dressings. Last month 137 were sent to the Red Cross hospitals over seas. The Victoria branch in British Col- umbia has collected over $20,000 since its inauguration, $11,390 of which has been sent to the head offices of the Society in Toronto. In addition to this cash donation, over $7,500 has been expended for materials made up by local workers. Taking other contri- butions into consideration, it is esti- mated bv ofi‘icials of the Victoria branch that upwards of $40,000 has been subscribed locally. This particular hospital is in some respects the leading one, owing to a new method invented by Col. Murray MaoLaren of New Brunswick, the officer commanding. He has arranged the spacious tents in long corridor wards, each capable of holding 64 pa- tients. The breadth of the tents, the simple arrangements of the electric lighting, and the very convenient ar- rangement of the corridor, make the wards as pleasing to the senses and hygienically perfect as could be de- sired. The Canadian Hospitals at the Front. A writer in an English publication pays a striking: tribute to the Cana- dian Hospital Organization in Europe. No. 1 General Canadian Hospital situated on the outskirts of Boulogne, lies in the centre of much the biggest hospital concentration ever attempted in history. The visitor finds himself amazed at the scale and scope of this hospital town to the efficiency of which Canadians have made a nota- ble contribution. Their share in an organization which is beyond prece- dent cannot perhaps be exaggerated. It is second only to their performance in the field. In some respects No. 2 Canadian Hospital, which occupies the golf Ho- tel Le Touquet and overflows into tents on the links, has greater charm, but the site of No. 1 is in the highest degree attractive, owing to its outlook over a wild natural stretch of scenery. The hospital, which was organized as long ago as September, has gradu- ally perfected itself since its arrival at Plymouth on October 16. It had many sites in England, where alone 4,000 cases were treated, before sail- ing for France in May, but only to- day has it reached its full perfection. q The Equipment. In all these hospitals, English and Canadian, the operating theatres are models, both of structure and equip- ment. The incident of light, both natural and artificial, is even better than in most London and Montreal hospitals; and one can point to little that is inferior even in such equip- ment as X-ray apparatus. It is a de- light to see the smooth working of the 3118 t to see the smooth Working of the adian ofiicers and doctors, whether RED CROSS PUBLICITY. R.A.M.C. or Red Cross, in this im- mense organization. There are three more Canadian army hospitals in England, and in France three general, with a poten- tial equipment of 1,040 beds, two sta- tionary, a clearing hospital, with its attendant ambulances, besides an add mirable system of Red Cross distri- buting depots, set up, thanks to pri- ate generosity in Canada, within reach of every hospital unit. It is an interesting attribute of the larger es- tablishments, such as No. 1 General, that every department of Canada is represented within the circle of the unit. The arrival of a group of French-Canadian nurses coinciding with Sir Robert Borden’s visit, may be quoted as an example of the unity of the Dominion. Preserving Fruits for the Red Cross. Now that the preserving season is in full swing, patriotic housewives who are doing up fruit for the Red Cross, should take special pains to ensure that the preserves will stand transit and resist fermentation. A good deal of fruit has been received at the eRd Cross Headquarters done| up, or at least supposed to be done up, in small baking powder tins, mustard tins, cocoa tins, and so forth. Need- less to say, such preserves are as per- 1 ishable as fresh fruit. The cover“ comes off the first opportunity, and the sick soldier, for all the good. housewife’s efforts, will have nothingi but an unsatisfied longing. In this matter no amount of patriotic inven- tions fill the bill so well as a quart “sealer” or a “lever” tin provided with ' a top that will fit down snugly and; securely. Canning instructions have been pub- lished, calling for unsweetened pre- serves as like fresh fruit as possible and as unlike jam, with which the soldiers are surfeited. Some ladies have taken these instructions too liter- ally, and have sent in fruit absolutely unsweetened. Preserved fruits should contain a certain amount of sugar sy- rup. They should be boiled at a high temperature sufficient to destroy the yeast germs which cause fermenta- tion. The jars should be sealed so as to be perfectly airtight. They should be packed for transit in stout barrels and boxes with the individual jars snugly wrapped in ex~ celsior. Only careful packing will prevent breakage. Ladies preparing fruit should pay special attention to this matter. The making of the preserves is only a small part of the work. The main point is that they should reach the sick soldier consumer in the hospitals unbroken and unfermented. Some machine-guns have a firing- power of over a thousand shots 8 minute. Perhaps you have been sending your supply of Milk to a local factory,â€"then you do not know the advantages of sending to the Largest and Most Up-to-Date Dairy in Canada. LET US TELL YOU. WRITE NOW for information and copy of contract. SPADINA CRESCENT Give your shipping station and railway. my 60., Ltd. BUY GERMAN STUDENTS IN THE WAR Percentage Is Large, But Most Insti- tutions Continue Courses. The percentage of German students actively engaged in this war is great- er by far than in any other war in history. And withal, with the excep- tion of four forest academics, all German colleges have maintained their regular winter and summer sesâ€" sions. The lists of matriculated stu- dents, however, have been markedly depleted. In the fall of 1914 there were matri- culated at the country’s 22 universi- ties, 11 technical colleges, 5 business colleges, 3 veterinary colleges, and 6 agricultural and mining colleges, 64,â€" 710 students, while 79,077 students were attending the 52 German high schools. '01? these matriculated stu- dents there have been enrolled in the army of 36,000 university students, 8,000 technical, 6,000_ business, 300 veterinary, 300 agricultural, and 300 mining. 0f the 4,000 female students ap- proximately 600 have become sick nurses. From Koenigsberg, which contributed the largest contingent of students, 1,057 out of 1,280 went to the front. Of technical students tak- ing part in the war Danzig supplied the largest proportion, 63 out of 72 students, or 90 per cent. The students matriculated at the Berlin University for the current summer term of six months, or a semester, numbered 8,016, compared to 8,647 of last summer. In reality only 2,300 male and female students actually attend the university. In Munich 5,701 students are matricu- lated this summer semester, of which number 3,957 were granted leave of absence to serve in the army or sani- tary corps. Thus far the mortality among the students of Germany has been as fol- lows: Bonn, 2 lectors and 113 stu- dents; Freiburg, 3 adjunct professors, 3 assistants, and 117 students; Goer- tingen, 7 lectors, 8 assistants, and 142 students; Heidelburg, 78 students; Jena, 112 students; Kiel, 24 students; Leipzig, 3 lectors and 266 students; Munich, 10 students; Tuebingen, 9 lectors and 130 students. A leather cannon was use at Edin- burgh in 1778 and found to answer. Madgeâ€"So you feel better since you gave up dancing and devoted yourself to Red Cross work? Marjorieâ€"In- deed I do, dear. I’ve had my name in the papers nine times. The Technical College of Berlin, which during former summer semes- ters 2,200 students attended, shows a matriculation this year of 2,013, of which number not more than 302 are in attendance, while about 1,710 are doing military service at the front. TORONTO, ONT. MONTREAL mm