The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

At the beginning of the Great War one of! the lessons most deeply im- pressed upon the world was the effici- 3ncy with which the Germans had marshaled the forces of science and in- vention to further their purpose to impose Kultur upon an unwilling and )ackward civilization. It was not that the Germans excelled in discov- ery and inventive genius, but that they had the foresight to utilize what had been done by others. In the matter If aviation, for example, they merely Sollowed the French initiative, but: in the development of the Zeppelins they :ecured a lead which the Allies have Jot been ‘able to overcome. Even in the adaptation of the aeroplanes to military uses they would seem to have wtdistanced their opponents at the beginning, but as in other matters that development proceeded along lines so rigid that the slightest de- rangement of ts: pre-ordained plans of the General Staff created obstacles which interposed a fatal check to pro- gress. So perfect did éhey deem their Taubes and their battlepiafies that de- signs and materials were standardiz- ed to a degree that destroyed initia- tive and flexibility, and the result has been that supremacy in this field has passed to the Allies, NOTES AND COMMENTS No more amazing aspect of the war has been presented in its later phases than the extent to which aerial superâ€" iority has been seized by the French and British. It cannot be doubted that a great measure of the success achieved by the Allies in their desper- ate drive on the Somme has been due to ‘ the fact that they have to a certain extent secured command of the air to the exclusion of their foe, and could} direct their attacks with a certainty that was impossible to soldiers light- ing in the dark. The maps and photo- graphs supplied by the almost un- checked activities of French and Bri-l tishairmen have.made the cleaning up ‘ of intricate German trenches no long-‘ er a matter of guesswork. ‘ l I l l The explanation may be found, per.- haps, not only in the discovery and ap- plication of better methods in the manufacture and operation of airships, by nations unhampered by blockade, but in the fact that the military avia- tors of both countries were not bound to dfl‘icially appointed ru‘es and lines of action. Their very unprepared- ness brought into service every avail- able type of plane and engine and both have grown amazingly under the spur of dire necessity. This versatility and adaptability has been shown in all other lines of military activity. Greater and more powerful artillery has been brought to bear upon the German lines, means have been found to counteract the de- vilish innovations of “frightfulness” â€"the attacks by gas and fireâ€"and now comes the startling announcement of an armored monster in the service of the British that sweeps over the battlefield despite trenches and en- tanglements, making easy that rollâ€" ing-back process that is becoming so serious for the invaders of French and Belgian soil. .Benevolent-looking Lady (with atone 5f the first six P.E.I. boys to en- pitying look at the man who has just} list in 1914_ been dragged from underneath his} At a meeting of the Patriotic Fund mptor'car)â€"-P°°r man, have You a"iin the Board of Trade rooms w‘fe? , , at St. John, N.B., it was declared that Unfoztunate MOFOI'IStâ€"NO: madam. . St. John was not keeping_faith with Ihaven t‘ Thls ‘5 the “’0er thing I the fund, and that about $29,000 more that has happened to me- than was put in had been drawn out. \ Miss 1113. D. Marsten of Frederic- ton, N.B., has been accepted as a [nurse in the Johns Hopkins Hospital. iShe obtained the highest marks ever obtained by any young Canadian en- tering that hospital.' mm Adds m the It isn’t alone the deliciously sweet nut-like taste of Grape- Nuts that has made the food famous though taste makes first appeal. and goes a long way. appeal, and gbes a long way. But. with the zestful flavor there is in Grape-Nuts the en- tire nutrimcnt of fines-t wheat and barley. And this includes the rich mineral elements of the ‘ain, necessary for vigorous healthâ€"the greatest joy of life. daily rati (km 'e1‘_\' Nothing “‘orse! Joy of Liviisg 11 should have its From the Ocean Sham i The steamer Lady Sybil, which has been on the route between North Sydâ€" _ney and Port Aux Basques, has been Isold to New York parties. The schooner Lena F. Oxner, with a cargo of molasses, and bound from Barbados to Quebec, put into Halifax recently in a leaking‘ condition. BITS OF NEWS FROM MARITIME PROVINCES Items of Interest From Places Lap- ped 9y Waves of the Ttlantic. A Halifax bank lost $1,100 by slick operator from Montreal. _ 'A néw hook and ladder truck was lately purchased for Fredericton fire department. bommissioner Russell of St. John feels that the city should have a chart of harbor and facilities. Mr. F. A. Robertson of St. John has been appointed acting superinâ€" tendent of the sleeping and dining« car service of the I.C.R. Pte. Stanley Lutes, Steeves Moun- tain, N.B., who is now reported wounded in the hospital at Rouen, has been wounded four times already this year. ééorge, for conspicuous bravery, was 1one of the first six P.E.I. boys to en- ilist in 1914. A motor ambulance to be delivered in six weeks has been ordered by the Commissioner of Public Safety at St. John, NB. The cost will be about1 $3,350. | YVP- ,, Two boys of Welsford, N.B., Roy Woods and Chas. Thompson, were go- ing hunting when Woods’ gun acciâ€" dentally discharged and killed young Thompson. The steamship Mikado, Capt. Sin- clair Cann, owned by the St. Mary’s Bay Steamship Co., of Digby, N.S.,jis ashore on a ledge on the eastern side of Petite Passage. The body of Thomas L. Spellman, of Halifax, N.S., who has been miss- ing since early in September, was found last week in the water at the Halifax Ocean Terminals. / A new overhead bridge has been put in by the railway authorities about a mile north of Newcastle staâ€"i tion, NB. The bridge is about forty feet long, with concrete abutments. Signaller H. R. Stewart, who re- cently was honored by the Czar with the Russian .Medal, Order of St. Drill Makes the Women Look to Their Laurels. In a busy hive of war work a group of beautiful young women were, in an off-moment, discussing the merits of various systems of physical exer- cises to which they are devoted, says the London Express. “It iswonderful," said one, “how fit I keep if I set aside just a quarter of an hour each day to a few simple exercises." Another was equally en- thusiastic, but about comeliness in- stead of health. Her desire, frankly expresscu, was flesh." “I sit that I need St the bad‘ efiects No one divu- sble HANDSOME SOLDIERS ar 1y 2: ma sdom m are â€"- placed on both t? 1's belief in hisz belt line. ‘kes a fool of him.‘ In some of the The new veil is a long, flowing one draped over the top of a small high- crowned hat with a narrow turned- down brim, like the one pictured here. It is caught together in front and fashioned to the top of the crown with ‘ a large, round pin, and from there it hangs softly down the back. There are ever so many charming veils of this type nowadays. They are made of chiffon, Silk net or lace, some of them finished with borders and others without. And they come in avariety of colors to suit every com- plexion and every taste. ’ Some of the prettiest ones are in lovely shades of purple, soft rose-color, lavender, THE‘ taupe, green and blue, as well as black and white. Thoy‘ are sometimes worn on small close-fitting turbans and again on larger ‘sailor shapes. I! , If, ,"c’u’WW’I/f/A W/xV/W and their Hats and veils like these are worn with frocks of serge, satin or silk. The one pictured here was worn with a dress of black satin with a long snug bodice fitted at the waist with soft pleats. The skirt had a full tunic pleated at the waist and made with the popular loop pockets, which were faced with purple satin to match the purple- braided design which trimmed the dress. This is one of the favored designs for autumn and it certainly is a most becoming one. The sleeve was cleverly cut to form apoint be- Satin Dress‘Braided with Soutache low the elbow, where a silk tassel w placed. There is another type of dress for fall which is rapidly gaining more and more advocates every day. This is the one-piece frock of which an il- lustration is shown here, It shows the straighter effect and long lines which Parisian houses-have made a point of featuring this season. Long straps starting from the shoulders, under the large collar, and working their way down on either side of the front. relieve the severity of this simâ€" An front ple d THE FASHIONS The Long Flowing Veil. Example of Popular Fall Model 7407â€"7405 ng from me rge collar, an wn on either : the severity 0 Little slash ; bh the straps the Straighter Efiect! 39I raps below the day, theil piece dresses,a,ence are long, narrow girdle of the material is wound loosely around the figure sev- eral times and tied at the back or front in a loose knot. The ends are often finisher with silk taSSSels. The belt is generally arranged at the low Waistâ€" line, giving a suggestion of the Moyen Age effect, which, it is predicted, will become popular again The materials most favored for these practical frocks are satin, broad-i cloth, fine serge, tricotine, fancyl twills, gabardine and poplin. The Parisienne favors wool jersey veryi highly for these one-piece frocks, also‘ the checked velours de laine which are considered so very smart. Thesel materials are excellent for shopping,l motoring and such occasions when one ; must) be simply though smartly dress-1 ed. Some of the colors are dark brown, terra cotta, orange and green.‘ The combinations in checked velours are dark green with beige, gray withi navy blue, and beige with Burgundy,‘ not to speak of the black and white checks, which never seem to lose their popularity. Skirts Are Longer and Straighter ‘ There is a decided tendency to‘ longer and straighterâ€"hanging skirts in most of the autumn models. Paquin has made many dresses noticeably longer, both for street and evening wear, and many of the other Perisian couturieres have lengthened the skirts for the coming season, though not to an exaggerated degree. The skirts have not lost any of their fulness in their downward tendency. They sim- ply follow the lines of the figure more closely and do not flare as much. The hoop skirts and crinoline effects are practically dead and some soft drap- eries are seen in their stead, especial- ly in evening and afternoon dresses of satins, crepes and soft silks. These paterns may be obtained from your local McCall Dealer or from the McCall Company, 70 Bond Street, Tor- onto, Ontario. The winds are the chief factors in weather, but they change so unexpect- edly that prognosticating the weather is very difficult. Weather signs are numerous and many of them still remain a mystery, but enough have been deciphered to render forecasting tolerany certain for at least 48 hours. A weather map for the country shows the high and low pressures by heavy black lines, and all the places having the same air pressure are shown by these heavy lines running through them and the figures close to the lines indicate the extent of the pressure. I These heavy lines are called Isobars I ‘ meaning equal weight or pressure. In, the US. and, I suppose, similarly in‘ Canada, each morning at 8 o’clock,‘ Washington time, at every weather; station in the country, the barometer is read and the result sent to Wash- ington by telegraph, where the read~ ings are placed on a skeleton map of the country, each at the location of the city from which it‘is telegraphed, and lines are then drawn through the places having the same pressure. From these it is easy to see where the high and low pressure centres are lo-‘ cated. Shch a map generally shows several such areas. Observing these maps day by day will show changes a in location of the high and low pres- . sures. It moves eastward across the , country at several hundred miles a 7 day, and often many of them are on their way at the same time. Experi- l ence has shown that the "lows" gen- . We have rain when there is cause for it; and the wind blows this way and that, for well ascertained reas- ons. Air pressure determines the winds and winds are the potentials of storms. Barometric pressure of the air simply means that this instrument records its relative density, or weight, it hav- ing been proven by experiment that when air is heated it expands, or be- comes lighter, for the same volume, and it becomes heavier as it cools. Air is always flowing from regions of high pressure to those of lower, hence the winds. By Chas. M. Bice, Denver, Colorado. FACTS ABOUT THE WEATHER. MADE IN CANADA erally cross the Norther!) part of: the US. and almost invariably pass down the St. Lawrence River valley. The “highs” occupy the spices between the lows and also proceed eastward with an inclination to the south-east, but their progress is not so regular as that of the “lows.” The “lows” are generally more or less of a circular area, surrounded by high pressures, and the air tends to move from the high to the low areas from all sides. The rotation of the earth on its axis changes the direc- tion of these Winds slightly. The low is a sort of air whirlpool, embracing sometimes an area 1,000 or more miles in diameter, and moving slowly eastward, called a cyclone; but in me- teorology, a cyclone is not a destruc- tive wind, as popularly conceived. Such are called tornadoes. A warm wind from the south to cooler places north causes warmer weather in the latter, and vice versa a cool wind from the north in winter often carries freezing weather to the Gulf States. On the weather map places of equal temperature are connected by dotted lines called Isotherms. They are us- ually bent northward in front of a storm, and southward in its rear. The humidity in a wind is also an important factor, for it varies with the temperature. Air from the south moving north warms the country but is itself losing heat, and as it cools and the air contracts it holds more moisture relative to bulk until finally at some distance above the earth, sat- uration may be reached and the moist- ure condensed into the form of clouds, and if continued, rain is sure to fall. Of course, large bodies of water and mountain ranges cause marked local variations in the weather accompany- ing the passage of Winds. Several cyclones pass eastward each week as a rule; cyclones and anti- cyclones follow so closely that we are in the one or the other almost con- stantly. Most of the winds are cy- clonic, and to them chiefly the middle, or what is known in this country as the Mississippi valley, owes its rain- ! An explorer in South America says there is a kind of wireless telegraphy ‘among the savage tribes there, and {that it has been in use for more than ‘ 3,000 years. An anti-cyclone means the area in which the cooler air of the upper re- gions‘is settling to the surface of the earth and flows away in all directions. Hence the weather in a region of high pressure is usually cool, clear and dry, with a west or north-west wind. This is why the air is fresh and brac- ing following a rain storm, it is what is called anti-cyclone weather. Hurricanes are storms that origin- ate at sea and are of the same char- acter as the land tornadoes, but us- fall. ually far more destructive. Those that affect Canada and the U. S. have their origin near the West In- dies, and generally move westward to the coast, and then northward and pass out across the Atlantic with de- creasing severity. We will consider thunder storms in our next. South American Tribes Have System 3,000 Years Old. In his travels he was met in one part of the country by a number of natives who had evidently been ex- pecting him, relates the Baltimore Sun. When we asked how they knew we were coming they pointed to an arrangement suspended between two tree stumps on a horizontal bar.‘ It was a means for sending and re- ceiving messages among the various tribes throughout the Amazon Valley. The transmitter was a hollowed trunk of a tree, suspended from the pole, so that the base was slightly off the ground. Inside it had been arranged very much like a violin. When the instrument was struck sharply with a rubber hammer a vibration was created 'that carried for miles over the hills to a receiver of somewhat similar arrangement. SAVAGES USE WIRELESS CONTAINS NO ALUM