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Baby’s First “'ardrobe. As baby is very susceptible to both heat and cold, the little precious must; be protected against all trying wea. that conditions. Several thicknesses of Lightâ€"weight garments will do this more easily than a few heavier gar- mentSn Ba‘by should be so dressed as to prevent perspiration, so his clothes must be of loosely woven material which will allow proper ventilation of the skin and will absorb perspiration should it occur. ' As exercise is an absolute essential to his vigorous growth, Baby’s natural exercises, breathing, crying and kick- ing, must not be restricted. The following list. of articles covers all of the essentials of an infant’s wardrobe and the number suggested is sufficient to ward against an accident while one set is being washed. Addi- tions may 'be made if one wishes, but these are adequate for baby’s comfort. ‘ 3 Flannel bands (6”x18") to be worn first 4 to 6 weeks only. 3 Knit 'bands with shoulder straps Thcse replace the above and also serve as summer shirts. ."~ Knit shirts. 3 Pair stockings. ."-â€"6 Dozen diapers. 3 Flannel petticoats. 8 Cotton petticoats. 4 Slips or dresses. 4 Nightgowns. 2 Front opening wrappers or ucques. ' 2 Pair 'bootees (knit, crocheted, felt, (Iqu or pique). 1 Wrap. 1. Hood or bonnet. 1 Pair thumbless mittens. 1 Veil. 2 Small blankets. (A square yard of flannel or eiderdown.) Considering the knit garments, bands, shirts and' hose, we know that wool is the poorest heat conductor, hut all-wool is too warm and also re- quires very careful handling in wash- ing in order that it is not ruined. Therefore a mixture of siLk with wool, , cotton with wool is preferable. The leabreasted shirt ds perhaps a (h‘ib, carriage and bath accessories I than not have space to, discuss. rl‘he bands should be of part who}, flannel or stockinette. A111 new garments should be laun- dered before being placed on Baby. ter protection to the little abdo- fi than the single, but this is a t of preference each mother must V do. The number of times the baby must be turned in dressing is a point of convenience to be thought of in considering styles. As the normal baby doubles its weight in six months and trebles it in twelve, it is advisable to purchase the second size. The stockings should cover the knees. Lit- tle supporters can be purchased which ' the diaper at the side and ‘hold the me in place with less wear upon the hose than direct pinning. Frames for drying both shirts and hose are a safe- guard against shrinking. If the cost of these tiny garments seems exorbitant, it is possible to sub- stitute vests made from flannel or the good portions of partially-worn, part- wool underwear. In this case the seams should be flatâ€"felled on the right side, placing the smooth side next to baby's skin. The edges may lie crocheted after first stitching with a icose tension to prevent the cut st'tches from running. Either birdseye or outing flannel n ‘ry be used for the diapers. They shuu‘ld be cut ‘by the thread. Use the machine attachment for the narrow hems. A medium size is 22” x 44”. Some prefer to have part of the diap- ors 18" x 36” to use at first and later to have them 25" x 50”. The use of squares is preferred by many as being easier to handle in launderin . Folding the diaper in an oblong an pinning on both sides is fast gaining favor aver the older method of folding diag- anally. For protection when visiting, {getter than the rubber_panties which gtop ventilation, are crocheted or knit- tad woolen slip-ons that absorb mois- ture very slowly, thereby protecting Wordsworth earned the Laure- ateshlp at. seventy-three; Thlers at seventy-three established the French Republic and became the first presidont: Verdi wrote “Falstaff” at eighty; Gladstona became premier of England for tho fourth time at eighty~three; Vanderbilt at eighty added $100.- 000.000 to his fortune; and Sir Walter Scott was $600,000 in debt at fifty-five, but through his own mom he paid this amount in full and built a lasting name for himself besides. Youth in Age. The old habit of such long trailing garments for the wee baby has been abandoned. The majority of infant pat- terns are now cut for garments 27 inches long; but even these must either be discarded in six months time or made over for the first short clothes. To be sure, the pieces cut off may sometimes make short petti- coats but really is not this a waste of time and energy, if not of mater- ials? The average baby is 20 to 21 inches at birth and grows about five inches during the first six months, and three or four during the next six. It sleeps from 18 to 20 hours daily durâ€" ing the first few months and; for its own best good, should be handled little during its waking hours. If its feet are properly clothed in stockings and bootees and the skirts are just long enough to nicely cover the feet at first, the baby will be comfortable and will grow into them as\ short clothes, thereby removing the necessity of re- modeling them. Therefore, 21 inches long is quite satisfactory. the holder of the baby but also keeping ba-by comfortable when it is impos- sible to make the change in diapers immediately. Old muslin may be torn into squares, folded diagonally and placed inside the diaper to be discard- ed when soiled, thereby saving much labor in washing. The flannel for the under pettiooat should be a mixture of wool with silk or cotton. If one’s budget cannot afford the woolen mixture, outing flannel is the best substitute. The most; desirable materials for the nightgowns are outing flannel or stockinette. In dressing baby, the woolen4 petti- coat is placed inside the cotton one and both placed inside the dress and all three drawn over the feet in one operation, easy for mother and less disconcerting to the little one than the older method of pulling each garâ€" ment over the 'head. If one chooses to use a straight-edged piece for the skirt, it may the attached to a shaped upper piece with the fulness taken out either in box-plaits under the arm or in fulness evenly distributed. Di- viding the pattern may ‘be much pre- ferred by some for the plain woolen petticoat, for with the woolen band and shirt, it is not essential that the waist section be so warm and a cotton upper combined with the woolen lower reduces considerably the amount of the more expensive material required and yet protects the little limbs. For the cotton petticoat, longcloth, cambric or nainsook may be used. Longcloth, however, has 'a tendency to yellow. The slips and dresses may be made from cambric, nainsook, batiste, dimity, flaxon or voile. The fine crepes prove a saving in ironing, but having a rough surface, they soil more quick- ly than do tlfe smoothly finished ma- terials. French and viella flannel, henrietta and cashmere are nice for wrappers and sacque. Avoid silk linings. Face all edges with a shaped facing- on the right side or finish with scallops or crocheting. The nightgowns and slips are best made kimono style as these launder easily. The neck and sleeves should be finished- flat with casings, beading or eyelets, to ‘be drawn up the desired amount with a tiny tape. Bobbin tape, which comes in twenty yard bolts, is especially nice for this purpose. Avoid the close-weave tapes as they become harsh with washing ami hurt the rose- leaf skin. Stitch the middle point of all drawstrings to prevent them pullâ€" ing out at exactly the Wrong- minute. Mothers must also carefully con- sider the outside garments, for baby needs much fresh air. For the sum- mer wrap of the tiny ba’be, cashmere, henrietta, nun’s veiling and albatros are the most suitable materials. For the baby who has seen a winter, bed- ford cord, golfine, corduroy and pique will be found satisfactory materials. It should/ be made large enough to be used two summers. For a winter wrap suitable materials are eiderdown and hunting cloth. This should be made large at first; later, for the walking childy the lap may be cut away and the 'bottom hemmed. Hoods may be made from wrap maâ€" terials or may be knitted or crocheted. Batiste and organdy are dainty for summer bonnets. If the shorter length is to be used, all patterns should be so adjusted and the difiemnce deducted from the orig- inally required amount of material, which is printed on every pattern. This amount has been estimated by the pat- tern maker for one garment only. When more than one garment is to The nightgowns, however, should be 30 to 33 inches, with a drawstring in the hem, for these will be used until worn out and the older baby must have freedom to kick without baring its feet. be made from the same material the pattern may be shifted to better ad- vantage and less material is often suf- ficient, so itmays to do some comput- ing ’before buying. For instance, three petticoats may be cut from just four lengths if these instructions are observed. As a tiny French or felled seam down the back of the skirt is not objectionable, cut the front and one- half the back from one width of 36â€" inch material by inverting the 'back pattern. Cutting three fronts gives us three half-backs. The fourth length gives us the fourth halfuback and a full back, completing the three gar- ments. Oftentimes a raglan sleeve garment can be cut from less ma- terial than a kimona pattern and it may be better economy to make extra seams and- same material rather than energy as this style can also be ironed flat. It is a foolish notion that baby clothes should all be made 'by hand. If the machine is properly cared for, always well cleaned and oiled, it should not be difficult to run, and if correctly regulated, machine stitching may ‘be beautiful. Use fine thread, a correspondingly fine, sharp needle and adjust the tension and length of stitch so that the stitching Will be perfect. Sending Seeds to Sleep. A wellâ€"known scientist has been sending mustard seeds to sleep by sub- jecting them to air containing a. high percentage of carbon dioxide. In this condition they fail to germinate. The efiect upon the breathing of a pea. was also tried, and it was shown that the gae depressed the respiration to a marked extent. Extraordinary things have been done with cucumbers. It has been found that they can be grown from their earliest infancy in continuous electric light without any period of. darkness. Thus it is proved that a daily resting‘ time is not needed by the plant. Another problem which has been making rapid strides is that of electric- culture. Thin Wires are stretdhed above the crops, so that a. small cur- rent passes through the air to the crops below. The total energy necessary for an acre is only that required for a fifty- candleâ€"power lamp, and if the cost of the installation required to produce and distribute the current in actual practice can be kept low, a new method is at hand to increase the yield of crops. te It has been found that a crop of cereals can be increased by the use of electricity. They Didn’t Match. Mrs. Newedâ€"“I have brought three of these eggs back to change them.” Grocerâ€"“They are quite fresh,” Mrs. Newedâ€"“No doubt; but the shells are brown, while my new egg- cups‘ are blue." One variety of cactus, found in deserts, always points to the south, thus forming a natural compass. theworst is yet to come Mm» mum : W ,/ 7 I ¢ ' Kxx A FLASH 51‘ . new 5 9 who is not charmed with the climate of {early fall in Canada? What then, icauses so many people to look miser‘ able and seldom to leave the house except fortified with three or four extra han‘d‘kerchiefs for emergencies? Hay-fever is the cause of all this mourning, and hay-fever is a most distressing complaint, as all its vic- tims know. It is most common in the late summer and early fall when the pollen of certain plants is carried by the winds, and finds lodgment in the nostrils of persons who are par- ticularly sensitive to this infection. The chief offender here in the plant line is the common rag-weed, but there is also'the golden-rod and other similar botanical specimens that can add to the trouble. When the fi‘ trees and foli summer is wan ists have near]; and seaside re: gin to revertfi number of peoq as they sit in ; along the street the departure o affecting these 1) While the disease is most prevalent in the fall of the year, there is one type common in the spring. Knowing the cause of hay-fever, it is particu- larly distressing to sufferers that ener- getic efforts are not made by govern- ments and municipalities to destroy wholesale these plants that cause so much annoyance and suffering to so many people, hay-fever being entirely a preventable disease. Beginning like an ordinary cold accompanied with paroxysms of sneezing and with “nose blocked up", hay-fever sometimes at- tracts little attention and the victim receives scant sympathy, but the per- sistence of the watery discharge and the very frequent attacks of sneezing, indicate the nature of the complaint. Coughing also occurs at times, accom- panied by asthmatic attacks which are very depressing to the patient and in some cases bring on a debilitated state of health. The common rag-weed, the chief cause of hay-fever, grows to a. height of one to four or five feet and bloom-s from August to October or later. It can be found on almost every vacant lot, neglected field, on the roadside and in uncultivated gardens and lawns. Its pollen is abundant and readin dis- tributed by the wind. From a public health standpoint, therefore, such noxious weeds are a nuisance and a menace. The happi- ness of large numbers of people are affected by the presence of these plants and it should be one of the prime duties of the Department of Agriculture to take steps towards their complete eradication. So-me sys- tem of co-operation between the gov- ernment and property owners should be evolved, so that neglected grounds could ‘be cultivated, or where this is not feasible, to have the dangerous weeds uprooted or cut down before the flowering stage. This prevents the mumâ€"4" Middleton will be glad to answer questions on Publlc Health :mt- ters through thls column. Address him at the Parliament Bldg-,3. Toronto. then yo se pc tints of brown on : indicate that the ‘, when the vacation- 1 returned from lake ts and thoughts be- wip BY DR. .1. J. MIDDLETON HEALTH EDUCATEON Provlncial Board of Health, Ontario not reg: lather t? 1‘ who is the clim car their eyes or w egret (1 corn goodly there 3t ‘ Trademarks are time savers. They [speak for themselves. To become selfâ€"supporting in wool production Japan is piannin-g to raise 1,000,000 sheep within the next 20 years. of the taken in m: fiheré in making war on these weeds, and thereby eradicating or greatly de- creasing hay-fever prevalence, it will be a boon to humanity. Most encouraging results have been obtained by the use of auto-vaccines on hay-fever sufferers. The prospec- tive victim should consult a specialist in hay-fever treatment several months before the attack is expected. Man’y complete cures have been effected by the administration of these vaccines. Through all the dark forebodings of these doubtful dvays, bright flashes of optimism and hope for the future ap- pear from time to time to strengthen and encourage humanity. In the stress and strain of modern industrial up- heavals and crises the pessimist sees blue ruin threatening. but he only looks at the conditions of the moment. Wise is the man or woman who en‘ larges the viewpoint and considers the progress of the world in general. If this is done one cannot help but feel that we are struggling steadily, some- times groping perhaps, but still mak- ing headway towards better things. There is not the slightest doubt to-day but that nations as well as individuals are more and' more coming to realize that national prosperity means the happiness and health of the peoplei without these no nation can long main< tain its position in the world of busi«' ness, science and general progress. Once in a while some little incidentl perhaps even an obscure item in the daily newspaper, brings to mind this fact that we are moving slowly to< wards a higher state of civilizationi Recently I noticed the following item! in a Toronto paper recalling happen- ings of fifty years back, “Retail dry. goods merchants of Toronto agitate for seven o’clock closing, except on Saturday night, during summer months." This is food for thought, and indicates that the move towards a shorter work day was started many years ago. More and more we are be-’ ginning to realize that unreasonably. long hours of work persisted in day. after day are detrimental to mind and body. It is all very well for the mill- owner or merchant deeply interested in profits to spend long hours in his office, but it is quite a different thing for the wage-earner,_ who draws his weekly wage and pursues his oftem times monotonous routine of work from day to day without interest in the flrm’s progress and with little hope of advancement or added remun-l eration however the profits of the firm may swell. There is no need to blame the employer for making legiiti‘ mate profitsâ€"«business conditions nec‘ essitate the accumulation of a just recompense in return. for the capital invested, but many are the employers who would like, if they could, to share their fortunes with the men who help- ed their industry tolg'row. Mere me- chanical toil is not ennobling when a man or woman works just as a ma‘ chine and is regarded as a "hand" rather than a flesh and blood being with a heart and soul. Many manu- facturers and business firms are rec- ognizing the value of co-operation in business, and are instituting profit sharing in which the workers partici- pate with excellent results. In that part of Public Health work dealing with Industrial Hygiene and the health and happiness of the workers, it is becoming evident that the interest shown in the employee’s welfare and the conditions under which hE' lives and works is of material benefit to the employer also. Distrust, suspicion and grievance of one kind or another, whether real or fancied, lead nowhere but to trouble and financial 1055350211 concerned. Take as an eiample' thé‘ threatening conditions of labor in England to-day, where civil strife is looming up as a possibility. What the ultimate result will be is hard to foreâ€" see, but health and happiness rests in the contentment of the people. With strikes and lockouts everywhere not only the mental but the moral and ‘Jngland looming ultimate see, but in the I With st! not only the mental but the moral and physical condition of- the workers, their wives and families are bound to suffer, resulting in malnutrition, high- er infant mortality and a general de- terioration gf the, :gce. 33 mat the 11g]; theI The Worla's Shape. * 31, can't you tell us the shape world?" asked teacher encour‘ t} pollen and the production If united action is under- 5 government and public 731' on these weeds, and licnting or greatly de- -fever prevalence, it will in a pretty bad shapé d the precocious child.