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edies, is part of the work of the Provincial Board of Health. The Board through the Division of Ven- ereal Diseases has perfected plans to carry on the treatment without the The more vve read, and learn by actual experience of the ravages of venereal diseases, the more we see the necessity of carrying on a relentless war against these great scourges of humanity: One of the great obstacles that confronts Government efforts to combat and control venereal diseases effectively, is lack of knowledge of their seriousness or of their after effects, which may lead to chronic ill- health, paralysis, insanity and pre- mature death. In its efforts to carry on the campaign against venereal dis- ease in this province, the Provincial Board of Health has two principal aims in view. One is to locate the sufferer as quickly as possible, and the other is to get treatment started by a competent physician at the earl- iest opportunity. There is a great tendency among people who have con- tracted either syphilis or gonorrhoea to keep quiet about it, and to try secret remedies in the hope of get- ting cured without relatives or friends knowing of their condition.‘ They dread the moral approbrium‘ that they think they would be sub- jected to if it became known that they had contracted venereal disease. To! try and overcome this false feeling of security by the use of quack rem-l edies, is part of the work of the; In place of the sponge box a fire- lesas cooker may be used. The prin- ciple underlying its construction is that of maintaining the temperature of articles placed within it. If, there- fore, a sponge or dough be mixed so that its temperature is correct, then placed inside the cooker, this temper- ature will be maintained. ' On a cold vvlllrxngu; .. -v of the yeast becomes less until growth cerses at about 50 deg. F. Although inactive below that point, it begins to grow again when a favorable tem- perature is restored. Above 95 deg. the action of the yeast is lessened by the activity of other organisms pres- ent in the dough or by the products of same. At somewhat higher tem- peratures the yeast is actually killed. u ‘1- ...” 0.- A favorable temperature, therefore“ will have much to do with active and healthy fermentation. Furthermore, by regulating the temperature one may control the rising of the dough, hastening or retarding it almost at will. In general, however, doughs should be kept as nearly as possible at the same temperature throughout. the process and not subjected alter- nately to heating and chilling. But how may the housewife control the temperature of the dough? The simplest way is to provide herself with a “sponge boy.” which is a simple box or cabinet, capable of holding the dough, and which can be warmed by means of hot water, a hot stone, a small lamp or an electric light bulb. on an extremely hot day the cabinet may likewise be cooled by means of cold water or “ice. The thermometer, by means of which the temperature is regulated, is one of the most import- ant things sponge box. In place of the sponge box a fire- attire. less cooker may be used. The prin- ciple underlying its construction is in connection with the! 11/4 hours, making a total of 1 hour > In order to learn definitely what time is required we will consider some of the recipes for making bread. A popular formula calls for oneâ€"half cake of compressed yeast and one cup of liquid for each “standard” sized loaf of bread, with the requisite am- ounts of flour, salt, sugar and so forth. If a temperature of 85 deg. F. be maintained throughout the process, this dough should be light the first ‘time in 1% hours, the second time in 11/4 hours. It should then ‘be molded, and after rising in the pans one hour will be ready for baking. Allowing i10 minutes for handling the dough Abetween risingst and about 97/4 of an ihour for baking, the bread should be ‘out of the d‘ven within 5 hours from the first mixing. In practice, thereâ€" fore, a housewife will find that by ‘pbe'ginning at 7 a.m., the dough should ‘be ready for the oven at 11.15, pro- vided it has been kept at 85 deg. . throughout the process. At 12 o’clock, when the noon meal is ready, her bread will be out of the oven and no extra fuel or time in the kitchen reâ€" quired for its baking. Should the dinner hour be at 1 o’clock, the dough might be started at 8 am. At 80 deg. F. the time. for the first rising would be 2 hours, for the second 1% hours and for the rising in the pans about . more than with the higher temper- Hence if the dough be mixed at 7 am. and kept at 80 deg. F., it ishould be out of the oven at 1 o’clock. A favorable temperature, therefore, will have much to do with active and healthy fermentation. Furthermore, by regulating the temperature one may control the rising of the dough, hastening or retarding it almost at will. In general, however, doughs shoqu be kept as nearly as possible at the same temperature throughout the process and not subjected alter- nately to heating and chilling. cerses at about 50 deg. F. Although inactive below that point, it begins to grow again when a favorable tem- perature is restored. Above 95 deg. the action of the yeast is lessened by the activity of other organisms pres- ent in the dough or by the products of same. At somewhat higher tem- peratures the yeast is actually killed. Like most plants, yeast thrives best at a certain temperature. Although it is quite active between 75 deg. and 95 deg. F., it produces best results at from 80 deg. to 85 deg. F. As the temperature is Iowvered, the activity of the yeast becomes less until growth Few housekeepers seem to under- stand the role which temperature plays in bread-making. In importance it ranks with good flour and yeast. Although many housewives experience difficulty in having dough rise well on a cold, windy day and note the rapidity with which it grows light in summer, they fail to grasp the full significance of such observations. Success or failure seems dependent upon the weather and they do not realize that they themselves may con- trol the matter of temperature. The yeast used in making light bread is a microscopic, one-celled plant requiring for its growth air, moisture food and a favorable tem- perature. It acts upon sugar present -ln the dough, forming carbon dioxide gas which, in attempting to rise to the surface of the mass, is caught and hdld by the elastic gluten of the flour. As more gas is formed within the sponge or dough, the gluten stretches and the entire mass expands and be- comes “light.” Provincial Board of Health. Ontario Dr. Middleton will be glad to answer questions on Publlc Health mat- ters through this column. Address him at Spadlna House. Spadlna Crescent. Toronto. Perfectly Baked Bread. About the House BY DR. J. J. MIDDLETON HEALTH EDUCAHON |patient’s condition being made pub- lic. If the patient is able to pay his own doctor he has no need for further outside advice, but in cases where a ‘ person has contracted venereal disease and has no money to pay for treat- ment, the Provincial Board of Health offers advice and treatment free of charge. All the patient has to do is to apply to the local Medical Officer of Health who will arrange for treat- ment to be carried out either by a qualified physician, or at a clinic con- ducted under the supervision of the Board. The treatment is carried out with the utmost secrecy and the name of the patient is not divulged. The whole aim of the Division of Ven- ereal Diseases is to cure the disease and prevent its transmission to others. With this end in view, treatment is continued regularly and methodically until all traces of the disease have been entirely removed. The tragedy of this scourge is that the patient may honestly think he is cured, and yet be still harboring the germ and transmitting it to others. Later on the definite symptoms of paralysis, softening of the brain, etc., may appear, showing that the case is hopeless and that the infection has been carrying on its dread work through all the intervening years. One can thus readily see how essen- tial it is for the patient to put him- self immediately under the care of a competent physician, whether private- ly or at a clinic. With the overnight straight-dough, less yeast and a lower temperature should be employed than with the quick method. Using 1 cake of com- pressed yeast for six loaves, and keeping the dough at 70 deg. over- dough is to stand a considerable length of time, neither the flour nor the liquid should be warmed, and certain- ly the radiator should not. thermometer should be used, for how can one guess accurately by “feel” when the liquid is luke warm? Dif- ferent individuals vary greatly in their sensitiveness to heat and guess- work may cause great error in gauging the temperature of liquid or radiator. Two general methods for making bread are practiced largely in this country, the “sponge” and the “straight doug ." Each of these may be divided into the short or quick and the long or overnight process, depend- ing upon the amount of yeast used as well as upon the temperature main- tained. Besides using less yeast in their preparation over night, sponges or doughs are generally kept at a lower temperature than those made by the shorter daytime process. In very warm weather especially: the dough is likely to become sour over night unless it can be kept sufficiently cool. In order to learn definitely what time is required we will consider some of the recipes for making bread. A popular formula calls for one-half cake of compressed yeast and one cup of liquid for each “standard” sized loaf of bread, with the requisite am- ounts of flour, sallt, sugar and so forth. If a temperature of 85 deg. F. be maintained throughout the process, this dough should be light the first Again a‘ 'temperature of the sponge has been only 70 deg. F., however, fully 13 hours will be required for the mass to become thoroughly light, while at 60 deg. F. 161/4 hours will be necessary. The housewife may, therefore. plan to have her baking operations fit in with her other duties in the home. Mixing, kneading, molding and baking may be so adjusted that they will not conflict with other matters, and the baking especially may be arranged to come during the time that her pres- ence in the kitchen is required for other reasons as well. Nor need she spend the entire morning in the'kit- Chen mainly to “watch the dough.” Knowing the temperature of the dough and the time required for ris- ing, the housewife may calculate just when her dough will need attention. Dark, close streaks in the crumb of bread are often due to unevenness in temperature during rising. Particularâ€" ly when a dough has been chilled and fails to rise properly the housewife is tempted to place it where it will be- come warm rapidly, either at the back of the range or in a pan of warm water. Without the aid of a therâ€" mometer it is difficult to gauge the temperature, and there is danger that the yeast cells in that portion of dough most exposed to the heat may be killed. Although blended later with the rest of the dough no expansion of this portion takes place, and close streaks in the finished crumb are the result. ay it is well to l [quid but also t Iarmed. The radi f the fireless may 1 rm we CO H for :het table to r, especi: md a c ther thef rarmed, a lould not not on 1i if 1011 m G Holland‘s Many Wheels Two million bicycles are ri Holland, a country with a p0; of 6,000,000 persons. You can get these pills through any dealer in medicine, or by mail, post paid, at 50 cents a box or six boxes for $2.50 from The Dr. Williams’ Medi- cine Co., Brockville, Ont. getting new strength. and finally I was able to lay the crutches aside. I will always be lame, as the result of my long stay in bed my left leg has shortened somewhat, but otherwise I am feeling fine and able to do my work as Fishery Overseer. I may add that when the rheumatism _came on I weighed 140 pounds, and when I be- gan going about on crutches I only weighed 67 pounds, and now I am at normal weight. There are many here who know and can vouch for the truth of these statements.” serious condition when a friend ad- vised the use of Dr. Wil‘liams’ Pink Pills and I began taking them. The first benefit I felt from the pills was an improved appetite, and then I be gun to feel stronger, and was finally able to get out of bed and go about on crutches. I continued taking the pills for months, slowly but surely getting new strength, and finally I was able to lay the crutches aside. I will always be lame. as the result of mv The chief symptom of rheumatism 1'5 pain. The most successful treatment is the one that most quickly relieves and banishes the pain. Many rheu- matic people suffer pains that could be avoided by building up the blood; when rheumatism is associated with thin blood it cannot be corrected until the blood is built up. As a Result of Treating the Trouble Through the Blood. RHEUMAFHC PAWS ' HAVE DEAPPEARED Could the housewife but reelize the importance of knowing the temper- ature of the dough she would not be- grudge the investment of a dollar or two in a simple dairy or chemical thermometer. Through its use guess work is eliminated, the operations of bread-making may be adjustcl to suit the convenience of the housekeeper, and bread or hot rolls may be provided fresh for any meal. Moreover, the flavcr, texture and general quality of the product are almost sure to be excellent. other reasons as well. Nor need she spend the entire morning in the-kit- chen mainly to “watch the dough.” Knowing the temperature of the dough and the time required for ris- ing, the housewife may calculate just when her dough will need attention. Dark, close streaks in the crumb of night, it sh morning. ‘ down and placed whe brought up at this tem be light an The housewife to have her b-a] with her other m e IS ry ye s the mp other matters, an ally may be arran the time that her should inarily such a s 10 to 12 hours. is also dependent 3, which should l md 80 deg. F. the sponge has F‘., however, ful quired for the m *hly light, while urs will be nece e may, therefore the Jr are ridden in a population nerefore, plan rations fit in in the home. 1g and baking In 11/; hours loaves should be kneaded z pans and gradually ‘. If the has been fully 13 med for xeed she the'kit- dough.” of the 111' n the 11 not i the ‘ed to pres- upor mge I‘his Remorse. “I am the guest who comes unbid, with voice forever chiding, Deep in the secret heart of man, I am the Long abiding; Would you avoid the pain of me, the wracklng, cutting laughter, pause ere you speak or act, to ask if I may come thereafter." An arrangement by which an ordin- ary motorcar may be converted into a sleigh is the invention of William B. Jenkins, of Idaho. The front wheels of the automobile are taken off and the rear wheels so positioned with re- ference to a supporting-sled contriv- ance as to be lifted slightly above the ground. The rear wheels, however, are required to propel the motor- sleigh, and so are provided with trac- tion rims having calks to engage the ground. The rear end of the vehicle is elevated upon the rear 11ers just high enough to walks to catch the groun the requisite drive to the c Good intentions do not pay bills It’s easy enough to plan. To wish is the play of an office To do is the job of a man. Our credit is built upon things we do, Our debit on things we Shirk; The man who totals the biggest plus Is the man who completes his work The tusks of the mammoth were huge, even out of proportion to the size of the animal, and so curved that in many individuals the tips were di- rected sidewise or backward. Thus they could not have been efficient as weapons, and it is hard to imagine What use they really served. When they perished, conditions were such that their carcasses im- mediately froze solid, and in that state they are found to-dayâ€"~the most re- markable example of cold storage on record, inasmuch as not fewer than 150,000 years have passed since the beasts died. ///4 ' W/[il/a An incidental effect of the change of l climate was to impoverish the vegeâ€" tation on‘which they relied for food, Cold rains converted their bristly furll SOlution Of this into cloaks of ice. They starved aniline"t week‘ I froze, and so they passed away. ._ . . The idea it advances is that in the days when the mammoths flourished in Siberia and Northern America the climate of those latitudes was com- paratively mild. It was a great inva- sion of cold that destroyed them. If they had been able to migrate south- ward into warmer regions, they might have survived even to the present time; but, as it happened, they suc- cumbed to low temperature. Many of the mammoths found frozen in Siberia have broken bones or Show signs of other injuries, sug- gesting that they were killed by land- slides or falls into crevass-es. ' It has long been accepted as fact that those 'huge proboscldians were specially fitted by nature to withstand severe cold. But a newly published Smithsonian report offers a different theory. ’â€" When Snow Flies, Motor Ahead. Mammoths Were Starved. Get It Done. \râ€"eHMj'hJ sand the worst is s to engage the d of the vehicle rear sleigh-run- 1 to enable the round and give boy “Lift Off with Fingers or corn between the toes, and the call 11156;. without; soreness or irritation. Doesn't. hurt a. bit; Drop a little “Freezene” on an aching com. 111- stantly that com stops hurting, then shortly you lift it right off with fingers. Truly! Your druggist sells a tiny bottle 0‘ "Freezoue" for a few cents, sufficient to remoye every yard corn, soft com. buy one Mexican sombreros of the best quality are so costly that it would take a year’s wages of a workman to The right e than the left. It is said that the population of Iceland is wholly literateâ€"no small accomplishment in a country so sparsely settled. The outstanding fact of the educational system is that parents are responsible for teaching their children the elnientary subjects. All children from ten to fourteen years old must take examinations every spring to show that they have completed the work of one grade, re- gardless of who has taught them, If they do not pass, the educationa com- mittee may have them taught at the expense of the parents or guardians. lished last week, i‘s’é‘s follB'vEé: W. B. W. 1 17-22 18-25 3 23-21 2 27-23 No. 5â€"E' "I‘hg §011_1tion Aof problep’xflNo. 4, pub? CHECKERSâ€"By Heck Education in Iceland. CORNS Right Ear is Highest Either to move and Win 5 yet to come 18-25 30-26 is generally higher position will appear filly/1W 7% §