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cent. to 10.8 per cent. Some people may explain this as “muddling through.” If one can call it that then the rest of the world could Well do with a little instruction in “muddling.” Such an explanation, however, overlooks some of the traits of Bri- tish character conservatism, integrity and tenacity of pur- pose which have been responsible for bringing Britain through many a crisis in its history and which can usually be relied upon to win out in the long run The fact that the British Government has decided to undertake the manufacture, on a large scale, of gas masks to protect the population of London and other centres in event of war, is a frightful commentary on mod- ern civilization. Surely non-combatants, the women and children who are left at home, ought to be immune from this sort of thing. The revelations, however, of Haile Selassie that poisonous gas was sprayed by Italian planes, poisoning Wells and killing women, children and animals, seem to indicate that war completely removes the veneer of civilization, and the more inhuman the military ma- chine can be, the better it is considered. The fact that the nations of the world have agreed not to use poison gas is quite evidently not expected to be binding in time of war. In consequence, therefore, Great Britain has to make provision against this form of barbarism, and every man, woman and child in the British Isles will have to be educated in the use of the gas mask and trained, just as in fire drill, to hasten to the nearest underground hide- away should a hostile airplane appear on the horizon. What a ghastly outlook for the coming generation. The world depression was felt less in Great Britain than in almost any other country, and today Britain ap- pears to be leading the world towards recovery. Rt. Hon. Walter Runciman, Chairman of the Board of Trade, out- lined before the House of Commons recently the startling advances the country has been making. Points he stress- ed were: vv..- y- 0..--__,V _ The success of the Borstal plan is well attested by statistics, which show that over a period of nearly twenty years about seventy per cent of the Borstalxvards have been apparently “cured” of their anti-social tendencies, and many of the remaining thirty per cent. definitely im- proved. r-v . y“. Any system with so high a, percentage of satisfac- tory results would seem to commend itself in this coun- try where it might be applied to advantage. 1. Unemployment figures steadily reduced. 2. Railway receipts 810,000,000 higher for the first quarter of 1936. 3. Postal receipts up by $20,000,000. 4. Exports up by $10,000,000. 5. Industrial production nine per cent. higher than in 1935. a third. In these places, the boys are given an education calculated to stimulate whatever individual good there is in them. The “school” rather than the “jail” idea is pre- dominant- On being discharged, a youth is placed on “1i- cense” and thus kept in touch with a member of the Borâ€" stal organization. Threshing operations are now in full swing and those who operate machines should be very careful of the fire hazard. The Attorney-General’s department has circular- ized the threshermen urging them to guard against fires during the coming season. Last year one out of every hundred threshing machines was the cause of a fire de- stroying barns or other property, amounting in a total loss in the province of close to two hundred thousand dolâ€" lars. Operators of these machines are urged to see that they are properly equipped and manned, and that they are regularly inspected. Every possible precaution should be taken to prevent sparks from flying from the engine and a good supply of water should be kept on hand. as well as fire extinguishers. Be careful when cleaning up the barn floor following threshing operations, as extra dust seems to be a leading factor in the cause of fire. These are some of the precautions that should be taken and we urge operators of threshing outfits in this dis- trict to observe them. Carelessness doesn‘t pay. Make certain. By this system, a first offender (provided his offense is not particularly serious) is placed under the care of a' probation officer, who endeavors to secure a position for the lad without the necessity of sending him to an instiJ tution. For a serious crime, the offender, if between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one years of age, may be sent- enced to two or three years at a Borstal institution. In handling the youthful offenders, the “hardened” cases are sent to one institution, those at the beginning of the road to crime or with special mental conditions, are sent to an-' other and the intermediate and average offenders go to ---' ~~ ; That study might be accelerated to advantage. With- out claiming for the Borstal system that it offers the only solution, it does appear to have distinct advantage over the methods in general use in Canada. Adopted in' 1902 and named after Borstal Prison, Kent, where it was first tried, it is based on recognition of the fact that youthful offenders require some special treatment if they are to be saved from growing into habitual criminals. Considering this fact, The Globe remarks that “the’ realization that our Canadian penitentiary system is far from perfect as a means of dealing with youthful offend? ers, has drawn considerable attention to the Borstal sys- tem in force in England and it is being studied with the view of possible adoption here.” The more the problem is studied, the more it is apâ€"' parent that sending young men, many of them with Iengthy' records, to the penitentiary is just about equivalent to” giving them a higher education in the evil course upon which they have embarked. As The Toronto Globe ob: serves, there is a growing feeling that confinement in a' penitentiary, while it may protect society for a time, does not necessarily perform a cure as far as the criminal is concerned. Scarcely a day passes but some magistrate or other person in authority expresses regret and apprehension ovâ€"' er the fact that so many of the active criminals of the’ country are young men, sometimes mere lads. That the situation is serious nobody will deny, but there is little' to be gained by the jeremiads alone. Action designed to' corriwt the trouble is the only thing that will get desired resu ts. Established 1878 PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY AT RICHMOND HILL THE LIBERAL PRINTING CO., LTD. IfBrithin’s share of world trade rose from 9.9 per PAGE TWO CIVILIZATION A VENEER BRITAIN’S RECOVERY THRESHERS BEWARE J. Eacbem Smith, Manager “THE LIBERAL” YOUTH AND CRIME " Sud‘den chilling is not in itself dam 'g'erous to normal healthy individuals, provided a “reaction” is set up by 'vigorous exercise. In swimming the ‘use of the arms and legs restores the circulation, automatically chock- ‘ed by the initial chill. In winter "one is usually active on going out- side, and, of course, the skin is usu- ally protected. But in summertime We know that exercise means- more heat, so we choose the most draugh- ‘ty, therefore the most dangerous, place and do the worst possible thing â€"just sit. A breeze does little if any harm 'if the skin be dry. Nor is there objection to a minimum of clothing ‘in hot weather. Vie would probably be healthier with less clothing, but ’do the shedding when you are exer- lcising', not when you are “cooling off”. We must first remember that the So-called “cold” is misnamed. It 'might better be called a “hot”. The 'as-yetâ€"unknown germ that causes a cold develops in the body when our “resistance” to infection is lowered, and a frequent cause of colds in the 'winter is our custom of submitting to over-heated dry air in our oificcs ‘and houses and to crowding together in improperly ventilated rooms. Win- ter cold is a factor only when “6 get thoroughly chilled, perhaps with wet feet. In the summertime our resistance is lowered in a somewhat different 'wtay. Because of the heat our skin is very active; pores are open and 'the skin is moist. In our efforts to ‘cool off we sit in a coo. draughty place; it does not matter if that be beside an open office Window, in a ‘speeding motor car with flat tOp ‘down, or on a porch between dances 'â€"the effect is the same. Summer colds last a long; while 'too, because we newer give ourselves 'a chance to get completer over Lthem. Without thinking we again ‘sit by the open window, or seek the 'open road! on- a hot night, and again "(he heat-regulating mechanism of the ‘skin is upset. Unfortunately, this finds our skin 'unprepared. The sudden surface 'chilling upsets the heat regulating 'apparxatus and before we know it, the way has been paved for another “cold. So many people wonder why there should be such things as summer colds. Colds are associated with wintry blasts and driving sleet, yet we get colds on the hottest days in 'summer and often find- such harder 'to shake than winter colds. Why should this be? SUMMER COLDS THE LIBERAL, RICHMOND HILL, ONTARIO lGeneral News & Views Mulock Picnic, Woodbridge, Satur- day, August 22nd. From Alliston comes the report tht potatoes in that dishict are do- ing very well and despite the drought there are sorne nice stands of Cobb- lers. Last week a Tecumseh farmer sold 32 bags of number one Cobblers to a trucker at $225 a bag â€"â€" $72 cash. The books and accounts of the Township of Innisfil for 1935, and of the tax arrears for the years 1932, 1933 and 1934, have been audited by Welch, Anderson and Company, chartered accountants, Toronto, and their report was the subject of much serious discussion at the township council meeting held in the Orange Hall, Churchill, last week. The reâ€" sult of the special investigation of the auditors was that a shortage for the three years of $3,115.58 was de- termined by the auditors and so re- ported by them. A young wife who lives in an East side apartment, London, was expect- ing an early morning visitor, a girl who had been a school chum. When the doorbell rang the young woman eager to make her friend welcome, called down: “Is that you, darling?” There was silence downstairs for a minute, and then a voice answered in evident embarrassment: Better Driving Hint: What some people don’t know about driving would fill a hospital. Stout people, an eminent thinker (local) opines, are rarely guilty of meanness or crime. It’s so difficult for them to stoop to anything low. Blackleg, a disease affecting young cattle, has made its appearance in districts west and north of Dundalk. Did you see that reckless driverâ€" Determined to take a chance? And now his sorrowing relatives Go weeping to the manse. THOSE who know say that over eighty per cent. of motor accidents are the result of reckless or ineffi- cient driving. Good driving requires intelligence, mental alertness, vigi- lance, moral character and a dispoâ€" sition to regard the rights of others. It demands a conscious desire to be a good driver. Resolve today to be- come a good driver. Determine never to take a chance. Only. once in a million times is the risk worth it. A local lad admits he likes work because it has a certain amount of fascination about it. He just sits and looks at it for hours. “No’m, I ain’t the regular milk- man. He’s off today." Considerable improvement was shown in the employment situation on July lst compared with the previ- ous month and the corresponding date last year, according to a report issued by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. It was the largest gain at this season in the past fifteen years. Statements from 9,744 employers reported 987,955 at work compared with 963,401 the preceding month, while on July lst last year 9,323 firms had 934,262 employees. After serving as a place of wor- ship for almost a century, Christ Church, Holland Landing, is to be restored, and a campaign has been opened to preserve the historic edi- fice, which is a close link with the days when Holland Landing was one of Ontario’s busiest inland ports, and an important trading post. Incident- ally, it was the base from which Sir Benjamin Franklin, the noted explor' er, set out on his famous voyages to the Far North, and headquarters of the Beaver Transportation Company. The flooring 'of the old church dates back ninety-three years, being the original one laid, While many other parts of the building date al- most as far back. Rev. A. Gordon Channen, the rector, has issued an appeal for assistance in the restoraâ€" tion efforts. “Today”, said Daddy, “I’m going to Winnipeg, Regina, Calgary, Halifax, Saint John, and New York, but I’ll be back in time to put you to bed tonight.” “Oh-h”, replied sonny, nonplussed for the moment â€"â€" then, remembering his own Long Distance talk with Granny, 300 miles awayâ€"“I knowâ€"you’re going by telephone!” Which is just what Daddy intends. He’s a modem busi- ness man and has found Long Distance a speedy, dependable economical business builderâ€" the modern version of “Seven-League Boots”, in fact. .On both “Anyone” and “Person-to- Person” calls, Low Night Rates apply after T. and ALL DAY SUNDAY. THURSDAY, AUGUST 13th, 1936 Voters’ List 1936» TOWNSHIP OF MARKHAM. NOTICE is hereby given that I have complied with section 7 of the Voters’ Lists Act and that I have posted up at my office at Unionville on the 1st day of August, 1936, the list of all persons entitled to vote in the said Municipality at Municipal Elections, and that such list remains there for inspection. AND I hereby call upon all voters, to take immediate proceedings to- have any errors or omissions correct-- ed according to law, the last day for appeal being the 22nd day of August,» 1936. DATED this let day of August, 1936.. Clerk’s Notice of First Posting of Voters’ List COUNTY OF YORK CHARLES HOOVER, Township Clerk