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Another matter of the utmost im- portance was and is the government policy toward interest on our borrow- ings and government bonds. During the war, large fortunes were made. Those who had money got more wealth. After the war they discov~ ered there wasn’t a safe investment in all Europe or America. These same men conceived the idea of loan- ing government’s money. Their wor- ries were over if they could get five and six per cent on government bonds. Prime Minister King, leader of the Federal Gwernmen-t, would not be drawn into this trap, and be- tween the years 1924 and 1930, paid 257 million off the national debt, and reduced taxation in every depart- ment. What happened in Ontario? Premier Ferguson and his govern- V ment allowed themselves to be domin- ated by these same money lendersâ€" borrowed their money at large rates of interestâ€"increased taxation in ev- ery department, and added $35,000,- 000 each year to the debt of this Province. Not only that, but the Ferguson government encouraged the municipal governments to spend mon- ey. There never was a war that was not followed by depression, and the government should have followed the lead given by the Federal Govern- ment, setting the pace in economy instead of extravagance. What was the result of this reckless policy of our predecessors? Why, Mr. Speak- er, when we took over the reins of office in 1934, it was discovered that it required 40% of our entire revenue to pay interest on our borrowings. 40% of all provincial taxes paid by the people went back into the poc- kets of those who corralled the wealth of the nation, and had more money than they knew what to do with. Again the Premier took his stand for the people, and backed by the government, fought the money lend- ers of this country, forcing them to accept a lower rate of interest. As long as these men could get 5 and 6% on government bonds, the farm- er was asked 6, 7 and sometimes as high as 8%,. and he had to give good security if he could borrow at all. Today as a result of the govern- ment's policy, farmers are borrowing I as low as 4%. This certainlv has, As I said in the beginning, I am not criticizing the reCent contracts. Was not an attempt made to revise the contracts before cancellation, and a refusal on the part of the compan- ies to negotiate on reasonable terms. Not until after cancellation in 1935 were some of the companies made willing, and they were made willing in the hour of the peOple’s power through parliament. It was then that new contracts were made, sat- isfactory to the government and the people. After October the 6th, the rest of the companies were made willâ€" ing, and accepted the same terms reducing the cost, eliminating the objectionable clauses, and prolonging the years for acceptance. Why, Mr. Speaker, we have accomplished the very thing we set out from the be- ginning to attain. The Government is to be commended for the good bargain it has made. I accept the word of the Vice-Chairman that there will be no increase in the cost of power, and intend to support the Bill. I hope the Federal Government will permit the export of power. I see no reason/why we should not; export power to the U.S.A., just as I we do pulp or any other commodity, ! and the people of Ontario stand to gain one and a half million dollars” I hope the time will never come when the people of Ontario or Can- ada will be willing to take second: place on any matter, provincial or national. It is the acceptance of that principle that opens the door to die- tatorslhip. “I told you so”, and will try and justify their speeches and their atti- tude toward this question because of the contracts entered into a short time ago. I am not criticising the new contracts. I think those who negotiated for Hydro made a good bargain, but I believe, as I said a year ago, that Parliament is supreme. The people speak through Parlia- ment â€" Parliament is the peeple. William Pitt, who will not be quesâ€" tioned as a great constitutional au- thority, told us that Parliament has the. right to alter the succession to the throne; and Sir Robert Peel said, “I never would sanction the view that parliament is incompetent to en- tertain a' measure that is necessary for the welfare of the community. If you would admit that doctrine, you would shake the very foundaâ€" tion on which many of our best laws are placed.” (Continued from Page One) decrease to the farmers, and the large number who have installed in the last two years would still be without Hydro; and the millions that have been saved to the people would have been lost, and not a thing to show for it. I mention these things because our opponents will now say, MORGAN BAKER, NORTH YORK M.L.A. APPEALS FOR UNITED EFFORT TO SOLVE OUR NATIONAL PROBLEMS THURSDAY, MARCH 31st, 1938. ners- are borrowing : ent grains should be planted. how to fight it or not. When that tim; This certainly has [operate machinery, how to milk, how comes we will be thrown more on Illars. ' The unemployment problem is still 1-, im- lunsolved â€" not as bad as it was a imentifew years ago, and yet we find a rrow- l large number of men and women out uringiof a job. We have always had a nade, .number of unemployed. Those who more i are unable to work, those whose work scov- was seasonabl-e, and now we have menrt some who won’t work. My experiâ€" These ence is that these are a very small loan- minority. For them I have no sym- wor- pathy, but I feel very strongly for five [those young men and women who are ment anxious for work and find life's ,ader hopes blasted because there is noth- Jould‘ ing to do. Is it possible that a 1 be- country like Canada, with our vast paid area with all the wealth of-our na- ‘ and tural resources and a population of part- only eleven million, must: tell young mic? Canadians there is no place here for fern. them to serve. Th probelem of find- min- ing gainful employment for our young irsâ€" people is too serious a matter for ~ates the political arena, and- demands the lev- united effort of all parties and all 000,- governing bodies in this country,‘ this both church and state. European the countries are fighting for more terri- the tory, some place to put their sur- non- plus population. Here we have more was [productive land than we know what i the to do with. We have been educating the our boys and 'girls away from the em- farm, until today we have a scarcity omy of experienced farm help. We should was start now a campaign to put our un- l ,v of employed young people back on the eak- land. A balanced budget is very im- 5‘ of portant. We can’t go on piling up that debt, but if we must choose between anue a balanced budget and the spending ng's. of a few million to start our yOung l by people on the road of service in the poc- up-building of the nation, I think we alth should choose the latter. The setting mey aside of a definite sum fOr the ex- Ilth. press purpose of teaching practical ;and agriculture and domestic science with the a view to placing them on the land and- must be the final solution of our un- I 1 to employment problem. The idea that As a mam who can do nothing else can and 'farm is an insult to the intelligent 1-m- farmer. Young people who are not i as afraid of work should be taught the ‘ -ood necessity of good plowing, a good all. seed bed, the importance of clean and 3m- healthy seed, the depth that differ- Mr. Speaker, I might mention the government policy as it has affected our Forests and Mines, the Income Tax and Succession Duties. Suffiâ€" cient to say that taken together it has meant surpluses where we had deficits, less unemployment, a balâ€" anced budget, and most important of all, a rc-birth of confidence by the people in the government. Who wouldn’t be proud to be a member of a government that has accomplish- ed so much, and yet we are not out of the bush. The Industrial Stand- ards and the Minimum Wage Acts have done muct to appease labour in many districts. They have also helped to bring to time those heads {of industry who gave no thought to I the human element, who took advant- age of a surplus of labour, and hired for as little as they could pay. The Conciliation Officer is also doing some good work. Where dissension exists in factories, he brings employ- er and employee together, and in a conciliatory way seeks to have them iron out their differences â€" a mast commendable work, and meeting with wonderful success. That is the only way to settle disputes. The dispute that is settled with the iron heel can only prolong the day of strike and riot. Under the sane administration of the Minister of Labour, this good work will go on in a way that will be satisfactory to both employer and employeeâ€"«but those industrial heads who are determined to accumulate more wealth without a willingneSS to share profits with labour, can ex- pect labour and the people of On- tario to follow them; even though it be necessary to follow them to Nas- sau. Another matter of importance to labour is that they should have Some security against the day of sickness or some other cause that will force them out of the labour market. I believe that unemploy- ment insurance is the security they are looking fer, and I hope all the provinces will permit the necessary amendment to the RNA. Act, which will enable the Federal Government to pass a dominion-wide unemploy- ment insurance act. improved the farmer’s position. The Building Industry was at a stand- still. Today building contractors are busy because they can borrow at a rate that enables them to build, and sell at a reasonable profit. Thous- ands of men are working who were, and still would be idle, had we foll- owed the policy of the old govern- ment of 5 and 6% on money. The government will continue its policy of cheap money, refusing the vari- ous issues as they come due, and I hope the savings will be used in a more extensive road programme and public works of various kinds. I know, Mr. Speaker, that we are going to have the same efficient ser- vice in every department that we have had since 1934, but if we are going to make progress, if we are going to make our position secure for the future, then it is important the people of Canada stand united. It is questionable whether the whole of Europe has ever been as near complete collapse as at the present time. If those nations are going to continue to spend on armament as they have this last few years, a terâ€" rible crash will come, whether they fight it or not. When that time I think I voice the sentiments of every memlber of this House when I say I would- like to see something done to check drinking among the people. If that is true, then let us get above party politics on a question that is not political but moral, and unite to correct what we all believe to be an evil. If the beverage rooms could be closed to the womenl, that would be a long step in the right direction. If such a step would seriâ€" ously interfere with our tourist trade, then I would pick out and close to ladies those rooms that are less particular about the surroundâ€" ings in their establishments than they ought to be. I believe too that we should have a course of temperance teaching in our public schools to warn the children against intempel'ance. And then. Mr. Speaker, for the sake of those who are unemployed, there should be a check on those who are holding jobs and don‘t neCd them. There are today altogether too many married women working, whose husâ€" bands are well employed and making sufficient to maintain the home. I know I am treadingr on dangerous ‘ground now. These women will . charge me with taking away their - ‘liberty. They will charge that this is a discrimination against married women. I want to tell them that ‘ itheir liberty ends at precisely that point where it infringes on the lib- .erty of someone else, and I charge those married women with keeping single women who have neither work nor income in a state of poverty in 1 order that they may surround them- Selves with all kinds of luxury and have a good time. How often do we read of a relief recipient being hailed into court and- given a fine or jail term because they hid from the au-’ thorities a small sum they had put away in case of an emergency. I am not condoning this kind of thing, but I say their crime is a virtue in comparison to the married womani whose husband is well employed, and yet she too holds a job, while many of her own sex live in misery and poverty, walking the streets begging for work. I don't know how the, members of this House feel about this, but I want the people to know that I for ore would compel a regis- ‘r'rtiop rf all married women who are working. with a view to putting a stop to this kind of thing. The question of the beverage room is one that is being discussed a good deal today. His Majesty’s Opposi- tion are making a strong bid for the temperance vote. They would have the people forget that they placed [They would have the‘ people forâ€" get the campaign of 1934, when they didn’t dare discuss their re- cord- with the electors, and said beer was the only issue. Their criti- cism now sounds like Satan reprovâ€" ( ing sin. Some blame the Premier. 1 Well, Mr. Speaker, the Prime Min- 1 lister is just as much concerned for 1 ‘the welfare of the youth of this pro- 1 Vince as any man- in Ontario. Some 45 charge the Commissioner and Deputy 0 Commissioner with being the friend 1 c o n f t of the breweries. I will speak of these men as I have found them, and I will say that no two men could have given more genuine and. kindly co-operation than I have had from ‘ them when in 1935‘ it» was found that S‘ the hotel at Woodbridge was violatâ€" 9 ing certain regulations. Their li- i, cense was immediately cancelled, and h the hotel closed. The rights of those a- municipalities that are wet as well f‘ as dry .must be respected if we are rj going to hold a demoeratic form of d government, and these men are d-o- t} ing their best to administer the Act 1' with this in: mind. ' (-r to feed stock, how to grow fruit and vegetables, and the necessity of keepâ€" ing the garden well cultivated and free from weeds. These are some of the practical points in successful farming. The Dept. of Agriculture is to be congratulated for the two year course in practical agriculture one may have at Guelph at a mini- lmum of expense, but the 5 or 6 dolâ€" lars that is needed per week bars thousands of young people through- out the province. The selection of a few farms in good sections of On- tario, supervised by practical men, to teach the young men how to farm will pay dividends in the future that cannot be reckoned in dollars and cents today. THE LIBERAL, RICHMOND HILL, ONTARIO And then, Mr. Speaker, if we are going to make the future of this country secure for those who are to come after us, a land where a ,man may think and worship as he 'pleases, a land of freedom, it is im- perative that all appeals to racial and religious prejudice must cease. I hold in my hand a letter that was circulated prior to the election of E October the 6th, not calculated to t bring the people together, but calcu- lated to divide the people for politi- cal gain. I know that during a po- litical campaign we are apt to utter words we would not think of saying in our calmer moments. I have no 1 desire to read the document, but wish I to say that such appeals are as wicked in their conception as they are vicious in their tendency. I am not disposed- to blame the Conserva- tive Party as a party, but I charge there are those within the party who 1 would :be willing to sacrifice the ' peace and harmony of the whole Brit- ish Empire for personal gain, and to secure for their party the reins of office. I think we should resolve to put elections on a little higher plane, , rather than drag them down to the level of some countries in Europe. If this kind of thing is to continue, ! then we can only expect the Province j of Quebec to retaliate, promoting trouble, the end of which no mind can foresee. In order that the minds of the children of this Province may not be susceptible to such appeals, I feel there are certain historic facts that should: be taught in the public schools of this province. Almost ev- ery day I meet someone who is howl- ing his head off, saying we should have in this country one language and one school. The B.N.A. Act sets forth very clearly and defines the rights of the people. You cannot disassociate the Act of 1867 from the Treaty of Paris of 1763. Until 1759 France and England had been contending for possession of the nor- thern part of the continent of Amer- ica. The dispute was finally settled ,on' the Plains of Abraham, and this became a British possession. At that time this was Quebec. There isn’t , one child in a thousand that knows 1 that fact, and it is surprising how , few older people know. At that time almost 90% of the people were French Roman Catholics. England had trouble at home, and trouble .was brewing with the Americans to the south, who were making a bid ‘ for their independence. England knew the danger and saw the necessity of making all these new citizens of French origin loyal British subjects. And so she said, “If you will be true to the British Crown, We will grant you every right and privilege you enjoy under the French government,” and wrote in the Treaty of Paris, ,“your language, your religion and your customs,” and went so far as to say, “No Act that shall be written hereafter shall take away from you these rights.” The same words are to be found in the Quebec Act of ' i I r t I $3.332, U‘lL-l-i'i V VIUI l 1774, “your language, your religion and your customs.” In 1775 the war broke out. The Americans sent their agents into Quebec, who said to the people, “Now is your time to break away from England. Join with us for your independence, and we will make of Quebec the 14th state in the union.” And the French replied, “We made a bargaim with England, a little sacrifice, w0rk out that which will be in the interest of the nation. It will be only natural for each re- presentative to pull for his own proâ€" vince, but all questions will be set- tled satisfactorily if we keep in mind the words of Laurier when he said, “We are a nation of various ele- ments, farmer, manufacturer, lumlber- man, miner and fisherman; a nation of English, Irish, Scotch and French, and each with his own prejudice, but there is a common spot of patriot- ism on which we can all stand, and the only true policy is that which reaches that common patriotism and nakes it vibrate in us all." our own resources. That is why I say we must stand united, unrited a‘ mong ourselves, united with the Em- pire, and united with those nations who still believe in and stand for democracy. What amendments to the British North America Act will be necessary, I do not know, but we must guard with a jealous eye any attempt to take away from the pro- vinces rights guaranteed in the B. N. A.“Act. The Fathers of Confed- eration built not only for their own day, but for the future as well, and dreamed of the day when Canada would be a great nation within the British Empire. It will depend on the attitude of the people of Canada in the next few years whether that dream comes true. Ontario can have no permanent prosperity unless Que- bec enjoys a like prosperity. The Maritime Provinces can have no per- manent prosperity with poverty in the Western Provinces, and so I say if some amendments must come in the RNA. Act to meet changed and changing conditions, it should be done by having representatives of all the provinces sitting around a common: table, and there, in the spirit of con- ciliation, of compromise, and perhaps Province of Quebec threatened to build up a republic on the banks of the St. Lawrence, and right here in the City of Toronto, the Orangemen had threatened to ostracize every Roman Catholic in the Province of Ontario. Sir Wilfrid Laurier. address- ing thousands of young Canadians in Montreal, pointed out the danger, and after citing what had happened. in Europe because of appeals to raâ€" cial and religious prejudices, he told =how the streets of cities ran red with blood, said to those young Canadâ€" ians, “Let us resolve that never shall we introduce in: this country the dis- putes and quarrels that have drench- ed Europe in blood, that in this coun- try order and freedom shall forever reign, and all the people shall dwell together in peace and harmony, and the rights of the strong shall weigh no more in the balance with us than the rights of the weak.” Hon. George 1E. Ross, referring to these words of Laurier’s, said they are the echo of Wolsey’s words to Cromwell, “Let all the ends thou aimest at be thy coun- try’s, God’s and truth, and' then if thou fallest, 0h Cromwell, thOu fall- est a glorious martyr.” Mr. Speak- er, it is this policy and this policy alone that will settle differences be- tween employer and emeOyee. It is this policy that will cause all the elements that go to make up the na- tion to have respect, one for the oth- er. It is this policy that will unite change for our loyalty.” Then these same a§ents said, “What hope is there for you, fighting against the three or four millions of Americans to the south, and all your wives and families driven out into the Cana- dian winter?" And these people reâ€" plied, “We will sacrifice home and leverything we possess for these lib- erties.” When the war broke out, |these people went out and fought ‘under the? British flag behind the old Walls of Quebec. and saved this» (-nnnâ€" [and she gave us our liberty in ex- l l say that separate schools was the price paid to bring Quebec into Con- federation. Nothing could be farther from the truth. The price of separ- ate schools was paid 160 years ago by separate school supporters, and that with their own blood. It was this historic background that caused‘ . the Fathers of Confederation to write' lseparate schools into the B.N.A. Act, and it was this historic background that made Sir John. A. MacDonald the chief friend and supporter of separate schools. To me these are important events in Canadian history, and I would suggest to the Minister of Education that the bare facts at least, should be taught in the public schools of the province. Such ap- peals as were made at the last elecâ€" tion will no longer be made, because they will have no weight with those who know the truth. I mention this today, Mr. Speaker, because there are in the riding that I represent, as there are in many ridings, a large number of Roman Catholics. who are separate school supporters, and I want them to know that as long as this Government is in power, we will not stop to consider a man’s race or religion. He may be Jew or Gentile, Roman Catholic or Protestâ€" ant â€" as long as ‘he is a good Can- adian citizen, he Will have meted out to him all the rights and privileges that come under citizenship. It was in a time like this, when there was general dissatisfaction throughout Canada â€" some sectiOns talking annexation, others secession. The Western provinces were clamor- ing for free trade and the Eastern provinces, protection and more pro- tection. The young Catholics of the walls of Quebec, and saved try for England. No mo covenant was ever writte pages of Canadian history contained in the Treaty of Quebec Act and the Con Act; of 1791. And yet 1 those who would repudiate tract for political gain. 1812 these people played ' in: ’retaining this country land. And now there are ' say that separate schools CITIES SERVICE GARAGE; Reasonable Prices Headquarters for Goodrich Tires & Tubes Automobile Accessories General Repairs Towing Anywhere RICHMOND HILL ANY TIME alood. It 1d that ca ration to v he B.N.A. ‘ic backmw Phone 12 for wives and the Cana~ peOpIe reâ€" home and he _..AT._. 1m part con fingâ€" who the Special Sailings to the Homeland by Canadian Pacific, Cunard and Anchor-Donaldson lines at. Lowest Rates. Photos and Passports Se‘cured All enquiries confidential We look after your wants right from your home. 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